In der beruflichen Bildung, so wie sie im Dualen System in den deutschsprachigen Ländern organisiert ist, ist ein zentraler, wenn nicht konstitutiver Aspekt darin zu sehen, wie die beiden prototypischen Lernorte, der Ausbil-dungsbetrieb und die Berufsschule, sich zueinander verhalten. Konkurrierend, vielleicht aber ergänzend sind dazu die Komplementaritätstheorie der beruflichen Bildung und die Konnektivitätstheorie als Erklärungsmodelle zuhanden. Was fehlt, ist eine empirische Überprüfung beider Konzepte. Hier wird ein erster Schritt unternommen, die vorhandenen Ordnungsmaterialien, die das Lernen in Schule und Betrieb in Form von Plänen (Ausbildungsplan, Lehrplan u. ä.) koordinieren sollen, in ausgewählten Berufen zu untersuchen. Es zeigt sich dabei, dass sich für beide Erklärungsmodelle Indizien finden lassen.

The present diploma thesis with the title 'The whole camp game as a means of gaining children knowledge and skills' focuses on the elaboration of games as a completion in summer camps for children. It deals mainly with educational components and the acquisition of social behaviour conveyed by these games. The thesis is split into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part is focused on the theory of whole camp games. It also deals with motivation, which is important for the ability to remember a fact. The games are presented as an inseparable part of the summer camps, last but not least affecting the pattern of learning. The empirical part is divided into several chapters. The first chapter contains a description of whole camp game under the motto of 'time machine', which were realized in a summer camp in 2010, organized by the STROM P.B.m. association. The next chapter deals with the didactical testing and elaboration. This test has been given to the children on three occasions - during the summer camp, one month later, and six months later. The last chapter focuses on social skills and presents examples of games, which lead to an improvement of social skills. The main goal of this thesis was to find out, whether it is possible to remember certain facts acquired during whole camp...

Dans cette thèse nous voudrions mener une étude approfondie sur le Songe du Vieil Pelerin (1389) de Philippe de Mézières concernant la structure complexe de ce voyage allégorique-didactique, ses facteurs de cohérence et cohésion qui font son principe d’unité, l’utilisation de certaines sources ainsi que sa réception auprès du public. Notre but est de mieux éclairer le procès de construction de ce texte, la posture de l’auteur et la place du Songe dans le contexte littéraire de la fin du XIVème siècle. Notre étude commence par une analyse détaillée du prologue. C’est là que Philippe de Mézières fournit les clés de lecture de son œuvre et qu’il met en place la réflexion sur le problème de la vérité: vérité spirituelle, morale ou encore verbale, et donc liée à un modèle rhétorique précis, enfin vérité de l’œuvre, de contenus qui y sont véhiculés et authenticité de l’écriture. Ce problème constitue un fil rouge qui traverse tout l’itinéraire accompli par le pèlerin, dans le récit, ainsi que les parenthèses didactiques ou digressives qui le parsèment, comme nous essayons de montrer dans la partie centrale de notre étude.Enfin, nous choisissons deux canaux langagiers bien définis et privilégiés dans le tissu discursif et narratif du Songe, la polémique et la pénitence, pour analyser plus en détail comment le modèle rhétorique proposé par l’auteur peut être le premier pas vers la voie d’un renouvellement social et spirituel. / This research presents a thorough study on the Songe du Vieil Pelerin focused on four aspects: the complex structure of the allegorical-didactic journey described by Philippe de Mezieres; the internal coherence and cohesion that contribute to the unity of the text; the use of sources and the critical reception by Mezieres' contemporaries. From a general standpoint, the main goal of this research is to clarify the inner workings of Mezieres' creative endeavour, in order to better understand the place of the Songe in the literary context of the late fourteenth century. The research begins with a detailed analysis of the prologue, where Mezieres provides the keys to understand his work and organizes its reasoning on the problem of truth, distinguishing between a spiritual, moral, and verbal truth. This analysis marks the way of the pilgrim – the Songe main character – throughout Mezieres' work, both in the story and in the frequent didactical digressions. When the pilgrim's path ends, the rethorical model that underlies the entire work is explained with the help of the concepts of polémique and pénitence, to show how Mezieres conceives his work as a first step in the way of a social and spiritual renewal.

Dans cette thèse en didactique des mathématiques, nous étudions une possible transposition à la classe de pratiques de chercheurs utilisant la modélisation mathématique en nous intéressant à la dévolution aux élèves du secondaire (11 ans à 18 ans) du travail de mathématisation horizontale nécessaire pour envisager un traitement mathématique d’une situation ancrée dans le réel. Nous inscrivons notre travail dans la méthodologie de l'ingénierie didactique, en y intégrant, en outre, des problématiques liées aux pratiques enseignantes, présentant, en cela, certaines similitudes avec la démarche de l’ingénierie didactique de deuxième génération.Nous avons conduit une étude d’épistémologie contemporaine visant à identifier des éléments invariants dans les pratiques de chercheurs relevant de la mathématisation horizontale, en sciences du vivant. En appui sur ces résultats, nous avons caractérisé un énoncé de type fiction réaliste relevant d’une adaptation d’une problématique professionnelle de modélisation et avons élaboré un tel énoncé pour la classe autour de la prévision de la croissance dans un arbre. Nous avons mené des expérimentations dans des classes du secondaire, au sein d'un dispositif de formation continue de résolution collaborative de problèmes comportant une phase initiale de questions-réponses. Nous soutenons l’hypothèse que, les caractéristiques d’une fiction réaliste conçue comme une adaptation d’une problématique professionnelle de modélisation, et sa mise en œuvre dans les classes avec une phase de questions-réponses entre pairs pour débuter sa résolution, favorisent la dévolution de la mathématisation horizontale aux élèves. Les analyses didactiques des données recueillies ont été conduites en appui sur les résultats issus de l’étude épistémologique. Elles ont mis en évidence la dévolution aux élèves de la mathématisation horizontale et des traces de transposition des pratiques invariantes identifiées dans l'étude épistémologique. En appui sur le choix du cadre de la double approche didactique et ergonomique et sur une étude des obstacles à l’enseignement de la modélisation mathématique à travers la littérature en éducation mathématique, nous avons émis des hypothèses de travail sur les obstacles et les conditions à propos des pratiques enseignantes relevant de l’enseignement de la mathématisation horizontale. Nous avons utilisé l'effet de loupe potentiel offert par le dispositif de formation continue pour émettre et mettre à l’épreuve des hypothèses portant sur des leviers potentiels internes à la logique de ce dispositif, répondant, dans une certaine mesure, aux hypothèses concernant les obstacles et les conditions. L'étude de la portée générale de nos résultats à propos des pratiques ordinaires reste à faire. / In this thesis in didactics of mathematics, we study a possible transposition to the classroom of practices of researchers using mathematical modelling. We are focusing on the devolution to secondary pupils (11 years to 18 years) of the work of horizontal mathematization necessary to make a situation rooted in reality accessible to a mathematical treatment.We frame our work in the methodology of didactic engineering. We also include issues related to teaching practices and also we have some similarities with the approach of second-generation didactic engineering.Our epistemological analyses allowed us to identify invariant practices of researchers in life sciences concerning horizontal mathematization. We then relied on these analyses to characterize, develop and analyse a realistic fiction designed as an adaptation of a professional problem of modelling on the prediction of growth of a tree. We conducted our experiments in a training device of collaborative problem solving with an initial phase of questions and answers. We support the hypothesis that the characteristics of a realistic fiction designed as an adaptation of a professional problem of modelling with an initial phase of questions-answers between peers are likely to favour the devolution of horizontal mathematization to pupils.The didactic analyses of the collected data were conducted based on the results of the epistemological study. They highlighted the devolution to students of horizontal mathematization. In addition, some traces of transposition of the invariant practices identified in the epistemological study were attested. Relying on the framework of the didactic and ergonomic double approach and on a study of literature in mathematics education on possible obstacles to the teaching of mathematical modelling, we have made hypotheses on the obstacles and conditions about teaching practices related to the teaching of horizontal mathematization. We used the potential magnifying effect offered by the in-service teachers’ training device to emit and test hypotheses about potential internal levers within this device, in respect to a certain extent, to possible obstacles and conditions. The study of the general scope of our results concerning ordinary teaching practices is still to be done.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-04-28T13:46:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maricélia de Lemos Cruz_.pdf: 6720012 bytes, checksum: 290a1618b59c7f4c4ba60b890e7de3a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T13:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maricélia de Lemos Cruz_.pdf: 6720012 bytes, checksum: 290a1618b59c7f4c4ba60b890e7de3a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-23 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Esta dissertação de mestrado busca analisar como os conteúdos voltados à oralidade e aos conhecimentos linguísticos são abordados em dois livros didáticos de português do 6º ano, procurando verificar se as atividades voltadas a esses campos de estudo são coerentes para o ensino e para o uso da língua. O trabalho considera dois livros didáticos aprovados pelo PNLD 2014. O primeiro é “Singular e Plural – Leitura, produção e estudos de linguagem”, de Figueiredo, Balthasar e Goulart (2012), adotado por uma escola privada de um município maranhense; o segundo, adotado por escolas públicas, é “Vontade de saber português”, de Tavares e Conselvan (2012). A base teórica do estudo concentra-se em uma retomada do que se entende por fonética e fonologia, em reflexões sobre suas diferenças e aproximações, evidenciando variações fonéticas e fonológicas, traços da oralidade e da escrita, considerando também aspectos históricos sobre o livro didático no Brasil. Também são apresentados estudos de Rodrigues (2005), Borstel (2008), Silva (2012), Veloso e Rodrigues (2002), Batista (2011), Haupt (2012), Faraco (2014), dentre outros, por se voltarem ao tema em foco. A análise está dividida em duas etapas. Na primeira, retomamos a leitura de Leis e Programas Governamentais que antecederam e influenciaram o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2014) de Língua Portuguesa, como os PCN (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) e o Referencial Curricular de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental do Estado do Maranhão (RCLPEF). No que concerne aos livros didáticos, são considerados capítulos e seções voltadas para o estudo de temas relacionados à oralidade e aos conhecimentos linguísticos, conforme orientações de Brasil (2013) e Maranhão (2010), com a apresentação dos temas correspondentes e presentes nos livros didáticos. De posse desses temas, verificamos como estes se relacionam aos critérios adotados pelo PNLD 2014 e aos conteúdos previstos no RCLPEF (MARANHÃO 2010). Por último, apresentamos considerações sobre as análises dos livros, destacando que, em linhas gerais, as obras analisadas contemplam aspectos necessários ao trabalho com a oralidade e conhecimentos linguísticos. Entretanto, vemos necessidade de mais atenção a tais aspectos para considerar, de fato, as especificidades linguísticas de seus usuários, sem privilegiar classe social ou região do país. Além disso, salientamos que o livro didático não deve ser a única fonte de conhecimento da qual o professor deve se valer, mas um apoio para o ensino-aprendizagem da língua no seu cotidiano escolar. / This Master Degree final paper aims to analyze how contents related to phonetics and phonology, devoted to orality and to linguistic knowledge, are approached in two Portuguese didactical books designed to the sixth grade in Brazil´s Elementary School curriculum, seeking to verify if the activities related to these fields of study are coherent concerning the teaching and the usage of the language. This research takes into account two didactical books approved by the Didactical Book National Program (PNLD) 2014. The first one is “Singular e Plural – Leitura, produção e estudos de linguagem” (Sigular and plural – Reading, production and language studies), by Figueiredo, Balthasar and Goulart (2012), adopted by a private school in a city in the State of Maranhão; the second one, adopted by public schools, is “Vontade de saber português” (The Will of Knowing Portuguese), by Tavares and Conselvan (2012). This study theoretical base is concentrated in a retake of what is understood by phonetics and phonology, and on reflections about their differences and common features, highlighting phonological and phonetic variations, traces of orality and written forms, also considering historical aspects about the didactical books in Brazil. Studies by Rodrigues (2005), Borstel (2008), Silva (2012), Veloso and Rodrigues (2002), Batista (2011), Haupt (2012), Faracco (2014), amongst others, are also presented, once they relate to the subject of this paper. The analysis is presented in two phases. In the first one, we retake the reading of the Laws and Governmental Programs that preceded and influenced the Didactical Book National Program 2014 (PNLD), in Portuguese language, as well as the National Curricular Patterns (PCN) and the Portuguese Language Curricular Referential of Elementary School from the State of Maranhão (RCLPEF). When it comes to the didactical books, chapters and sections are considered towards the study of themes related to phonetics and phonology, aiming at observing the orality and the linguistic knowledge based on Brasil (2013) and Maranhão (2010), by presenting the respective and referred subjects in the didactical books. Having these subjects, we verify how they relate to the criteria adopted by the PLN 2014, as well as to the contents predicted by the RCLPEF (MARANHÃO, 2010), when it comes to the orality and to the linguistic knowledge. At last, we present considerations about the books analysis, highlighting that, in short, the works analyzed include necessary aspects to the work with orality and linguistic knowledge. Therefore, we see a necessity of more attention to such aspects in order to consider, in fact, the linguistics specificities of its users, without regards to social classes or regions of the country. Furthermore, we emphasize that the didactical book must not be the only source of knowledge on which the teacher relies exclusively, but an instrument to the teaching-learning process of the language in its school routine.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Garbi Santana Molinari.pdf: 15585852 bytes, checksum: c72962abed8ae0e4c675c296032d283d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has risen from the questioning about the didactical choices made by literacy teachers and aimed to identify and search for the origins of those choices, as well as detect and understand the context and the dynamics of the teacher`s acts towards her students. The data were collected in a state public school of São Paulo, located in a state capital`s southeast neighborhood, at a 1st grade classroom, from September 2009 to March 2010. We assumed that the choices made by the literacy teachers would be partially intentional from the teaching point of view, however, they would not partially follow such orientations, deriving from the habitus and the common sense in the presence of the unforeseen demands of the school reality and the rooted practices as school culture. The data analyses were based on authors from Social Sciences theory and its respective concepts, such as: Pierre Bourdieu (habitus and practical or common sense), José Gimeno Sacristán (educational action and practice) and Philippe Perrenoud (bricolage). As procedures of the data collection we used direct observations of the classroom, questionnaire and interviews with the teacher. Such instruments aimed to know the school agents and understand the principles which lead the literacy teacher to make her choices and the relation with the didactical acts and practices inside the classroom. The data analysis indicated that the teacher`s acts were partially marked by the choice of the content according to the Program Ler e Escrever (Reading and Writing Program), however, preferentially oriented to the homogenization and discipline control of the children, by means of the dynamics of the chosen activities, or the strong mark of rhythm imposed to them. As they were conducts in favor or against the principles which direct the orientations of the program adopted in the state public school, we could detect the presence of bricolage , in which the habitus obtained in the first years with the family and then, at the beginning of the school life, explained by Bourdieu as the most present in a person s trajectory, oriented the teacher s practice towards her students. Placed with innovative practices predicted in the official program, the results also pointed that the effective act contributed to the social promotion of her teaching career / O presente trabalho partiu do questionamento sobre as escolhas didáticas feitas por professores alfabetizadores no exercício da profissão e teve como objetivos identificar e procurar as origens dessas escolhas, assim como detectar e compreender o contexto e a dinâmica das ações da professora com seus alunos. Os dados foram colhidos em uma escola da rede pública estadual de São Paulo, localizada em um bairro da zona sudeste da capital, em uma sala de 1ª série, entre setembro de 2009 e março de 2010. A hipótese era a de que as escolhas feitas pelos professores alfabetizadores seriam parcialmente intencionais do ponto de vista do ensino, porém, parcialmente não seguiriam tais orientações, decorrendo do habitus e do senso prático diante dos imprevistos da realidade escolar e das práticas sedimentadas como cultura escolar. A análise de dados foi feita à luz de referencial teórico de autores das Ciências Sociais e seus respectivos conceitos, tais como: Pierre Bourdieu (habitus e senso prático), José Gimeno Sacristán (ação e prática educativa) e Philippe Perrenoud (bricolage). Como procedimentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados observações diretas em sala de aula, questionário e entrevista feitos com a professora. Tais instrumentos tiveram como objetivo conhecer os agentes escolares e compreender os princípios que levam uma professora alfabetizadora a fazer suas escolhas e a relação com as ações e práticas didáticas realizadas em sala de aula. A análise dos dados apontou que as ações da professora observada estiveram parcialmente marcadas pela seleção de conteúdos em acordo com o Programa Ler e Escrever, mas, preferencialmente, orientadas para a homogeneização e controle da disciplina das crianças, seja pela dinâmica das atividades escolhidas, seja pela marca forte do ritmo impresso a elas. Por se tratar de condutas a favor e outras contrárias aos princípios que norteiam as orientações do programa adotado na rede pública estadual, pode-se detectar a presença de bricolage , em que o habitus adquirido nos primeiros anos com a família e depois, no início da vida escolar, explicados por Bourdieu como os mais presentes na trajetória de uma pessoa, orientaram a prática da professora com seus alunos. Ao lado de ações inovadoras previstas no programa oficial, os resultados apontam, também, que a atuação efetivada contribuiu para a ascensão social de sua carreira docente

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-06T18:30:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Priscila Bacellar Monteiro.pdf: 11820301 bytes, checksum: 5fc5efa34227fecb541d3d0765866099 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T18:30:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Priscila Bacellar Monteiro.pdf: 11820301 bytes, checksum: 5fc5efa34227fecb541d3d0765866099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study is built on the results that showed that the mistakes children make solving operations using the conventional technique are due to the lack of comprehension of the rules of the numeral system we use nowadays. The researches also indicated that premature introduction of denominations of “ones”, “tens”, “hundreds”; conventional technique; and the use of objects to materialize base-10 don’t necessarily lead to the comprehension of rules and often keep the children from making meaning of mathematic knowledge. This study aims to analyze the strength of a didactic sequence elaborated by Lerner and her staff and focused on the teaching of the positional numeral system. The proposed activities involved the anticipation of calculation results and the elaboration of valid rules that would lead to the understanding of decimal grouping. The research was conducted in three classes of second grade of elementary school of a public school in São Paulo. Participated 91 students between seven and eight years and three teachers of their classes. The activities were previously discussed with the teachers; they were responsible for conducting classes and observed by the researcher. The developed sequence proved to be powerful for the advancement of the children in the understanding of what is hidden in the numeral system we use and indicated that a rupture on the current didactical contract is necessary so that they take responsibility for solving the proposed problems and advance in their conceptualizations / O presente estudo partiu dos resultados de pesquisas que apontam que os erros que as crianças cometem ao resolver operações por meio da técnica convencional são frutos da não compreensão das regras que regem o sistema de numeração que utilizamos hoje. Indicam também que a apresentação prematura das ordens e classes, da técnica convencional e o recurso à materialização dos agrupamentos da base não conduzem, necessariamente, ao êxito na compreensão dessas regras e, muitas vezes, impedem que as crianças construam o sentido dos conhecimentos matemáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a potência de uma sequência didática, elaborada por Lerner e equipe, voltada para o ensino do sistema de numeração posicional. As atividades propostas envolviam a antecipação de resultados de cálculos e a elaboração de regras válidas que conduzissem à compreensão do agrupamento decimal. A pesquisa foi realizada em três turmas de 2o ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual da cidade de São Paulo. Participaram 91 estudantes, entre 7 anos e 8 anos, e as três professoras das turmas. As atividades foram previamente discutidas com as professoras, responsáveis pela condução das aulas e observadas pela pesquisadora. A sequência desenvolvida se mostrou potente para o avanço das crianças na compreensão do que está oculto no sistema de numeração que utilizamos e indica que é necessária uma ruptura do contrato didático vigente para que elas assumam a responsabilidade pela resolução dos problemas propostos e avancem em suas conceitualizações

Diploma project is based on deferred tax and didactical theory and methods of teaching deferred tax. Project is interested in the essence of deferred income tax and in the principle of its recognition. Part of the project put mind to the timing differences and to the income tax rate. The assesment of the deferred tax liabilities or deferred tax assets took part of the project as well. Then the didactical principles are mentioned and the didactical analysis are accomplished. Also the analysis of the course books are done.

The authors were curious and asked themselves if teachers are aware of the base of their teaching in various teaching situations. Are teachers at all capable of expressing that in words? One of the reasons that the authors chose the particular issue was because they think teachers have the task to satisfy the needs of all students and therefore they found it interesting to study how various teachers act. The purpose of the study is to observe teachers didactical awareness, and how it can be added to their intentions and actions, as in how they speak about their teaching and how they act in various teaching situations. Methods used in the study were observations and qualitative interviews. The result was divided into the following three themes: to individualize the teaching, to interact with the student and how the teaching is based on reliable experience. The result showed that the teachers base their teaching mostly on the individual student depending on which student the teachers instruct and that they focus on his or her good qualities, needs and qualifications. The teachers also make deliberate choices when they choose material which they adapt to the individual students. However, the teachers do not seem to reflect as much on their choices and actions and that they apparently not do is to reflect over their choice and acts and that the curriculum is not, remarkably enough, used as a base for their pedagogic work. / Författarna var nyfikna på och ställde sig något frågande till om lärare är medvetna om vad de grundar sitt handlande på i olika undervisningssituationer? Kan lärare överhuvudtaget sätta ord på det? En av anledningarna till att författarna valde att fokusera på området var att de anser att lärare har till uppgift att tillgodose alla elevers behov och författarna fann det därför intressant att studera några olika lärares handlande. Syftet med studien är att studera lärares didaktiska medvetenhet och hur den kommer till uttryck i intentioner och handlingar, det vill säga hur de talar om sin undervisning och hur de agerar i skilda undervisningssituationer. Metoder som användes i studien var observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer. Resultatet delades in i de tre temana: att individanpassa undervisningen, att samspela med eleven och att bygga på sin beprövade erfarenhet. Resultatet visade att lärarna grundar sitt handlade främst på individualisering då de utgår från vilken elev de handleder, vad denne har för behov, förutsättningar och starka sidor. Det visade sig också att lärarna gör medvetna val när de väljer ut material som de sedan individanpassar utefter elevernas nivå. Det de däremot inte verkar göra lika medvetet är att reflektera över sina val och handlingar samt att läroplanen, anmärkningsvärt nog, inte ligger till grund för deras pedagogiska arbete.

The aim of this exam is about possibility to position a didactical theory of Curriculum for compulsory school, preschool class and the leisure-time centre 2011 (Lgr11). I use Michael Foucault’s discourse analysis to study the syllabuses for social sciences subjects History and Religion. The main theme is to seek what kind of world does these two social study subjects construct for students in high school. The point of using Foucault’s discourse is to seek specific knowledge and words which is used for power positioning. The didactical theory has worked as a base from which to discuss how to evaluate this. In the discussion the author suggests a theoretical view for further development of a didactical theory. The main angle of the approach is to develop didactical theory and to create bigger space for pupils in knowledge. The didactical theory is a useful tool for teachers view on pupil’s intake of knowledge and how the pupils work in classrooms.