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Dietary Pulses as an Accessible Means to Improve the Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Appetite Control in Individuals with ObesitySt John, Hannah 30 November 2022 (has links)
Interest in the gut bacterial community residing in the human intestine, otherwise known as the gut microbiota, has exploded in recent years. The gut microbiome has been linked to chronic diseases such as obesity, suggesting interventions that target the microbiome may be useful in treating obesity and its complications. Dietary pulses (e.g., common beans) are composed of nutrients and compounds that possess the potential to modulate the gut bacteria composition and function which can in turn improve appetite regulation and chronic inflammation in obesity. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the connection between the gut microbiome and obesity, appetite regulation, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. More specifically, it highlights the efficacy of interventions employing dietary common beans as a means to improve appetite regulation and inflammation in obesity in both rodent models and in humans. Collectively, results presented and discussed herein provide insight on the gaps in knowledge necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the potential of beans as a treatment for obesity while highlighting what further research is required to gain this understanding.
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Effects of Dietary Pulses on Lipids and Oxidative Stress as Risk Factors of Cardiovascular DiseaseHa, Vanessa 26 November 2013 (has links)
The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized feeding trials to assess the effect of dietary pulses (beans, chickpeas, lentils, peas) on established lipid targets of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and perform a secondary analysis of our randomized feeding trial to assess whether dietary pulses as a means of lowering the glycemic index offer further CVD protection by reducing oxidative stress. The meta-analysis of 26 trials (n=1013) found dietary pulse interventions significantly lowered LDL-C compared with isocaloric control interventions (mean difference=-0.17mmol/L [95% CI: -0.25, -0.09]; p<0.0001). No treatment effects were observed for Apo-B and non-HDL-C. Our feeding trial found no significant differences between the high-dietary pulse diet and high-fibre control diet on markers of oxidative stress, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CDs), and protein thiols. Overall, the results suggest dietary pulses reduce LDL-C but not oxidative stress as a means of reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Effects of Dietary Pulses on Lipids and Oxidative Stress as Risk Factors of Cardiovascular DiseaseHa, Vanessa 26 November 2013 (has links)
The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized feeding trials to assess the effect of dietary pulses (beans, chickpeas, lentils, peas) on established lipid targets of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and perform a secondary analysis of our randomized feeding trial to assess whether dietary pulses as a means of lowering the glycemic index offer further CVD protection by reducing oxidative stress. The meta-analysis of 26 trials (n=1013) found dietary pulse interventions significantly lowered LDL-C compared with isocaloric control interventions (mean difference=-0.17mmol/L [95% CI: -0.25, -0.09]; p<0.0001). No treatment effects were observed for Apo-B and non-HDL-C. Our feeding trial found no significant differences between the high-dietary pulse diet and high-fibre control diet on markers of oxidative stress, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CDs), and protein thiols. Overall, the results suggest dietary pulses reduce LDL-C but not oxidative stress as a means of reducing cardiovascular risk.
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