Syftet med studien är att få en större förståelse för elever i matematiksvårigheter genom att beskriva fyra speciallärares erfarenheter av undervisning med elever i matematiksvårigheter. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ ansats där fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med verksamma speciallärare. I resultatet redogörs speciallärarnas uppfattning av matematiksvårigheter, hur undervisningen kan se ut och hur samarbetet fungerar mellan speciallärare och klasslärare.    Slutsatser som kan dras är att matematiksvårigheter inte endast beror på en enda faktor utan att flera olika perspektiv måste tas i beaktande för att kunna möta elever i matematiksvårigheter. De faktorer som nämns i störst utsträckning är olämplig undervisning, koncentrationssvårigheter, minnessvårigheter, läs-och skrivsvårigheter och matematikängslan. Elever stöttas genom konkret material och genom anpassad undervisning. Elever gynnas av en tillgänglig lärmiljö och att det finns en medveten plan om hur den särskilda undervisningen ska ske. Det är även viktigt att hitta brister i elevernas matematikkunskaper redan i förskoleklass för att förebygga att matematiksvårigheter uppkommer. Resultatet visade även att speciallärare och klasslärare har ett nära samarbete och hjälps åt när det gäller att analysera och kartlägga eleverna. / The aim of the study is to contribute to a greater understanding of pupils’ difficulties in learning mathematics by describing four special teacher’s experiences of teaching students with difficulties. The study is based on a qualitative approach where four semi-structured interviews are implemented with active special teachers. The result describes how the special teachers' perception of mathematical difficulties, how the teaching can be planned and what the collaboration looks like between the special teacher and the class teacher. Conclusions is that mathematical difficulties do not only depend on one single factor and it is necessary to take into consideration to look at several different perspectives in order to be able to meet pupils with difficulties in learning mathematics. The factors that are mentioned to the greatest extent are inappropriate teaching, concentration difficulties, problem with working memory, reading- and writing difficulties and mathematical anxiety. Pupils are supported through concrete materials and adapted teaching. Pupils benefit from an accessible learning environment and that there is a conscious plan for how the special teaching should take place. It is also important to find gaps in mathematics already from preschool to prevent mathematical difficulties. The result also showed that special teachers and class teachers work closely together and help each other when it comes to analyzing pupils.

This intersectional study focused on Middle Eastern and North African women's experiences working within the Swedish health care sector. Consequently, the study focused on three main aspects; motivation, difficulties, and opportunities. The study was based on individual semi-structured in-depth interviews with six women who work in different positions and different parts of Sweden. Material from previous research and theoretical starting points relates to intersectionality, ethnicity, and gender were also used. The study found that foreign-born women are experiencing, on the one hand, the pressure of the original culture that still emphasizes gender-stereotypical segregation and, on the other hand, the Swedish society, where they suffer from stereotypical and discriminatory views. Women's original culture impacts their work choice by emphasizing their feminine characteristics, which link them to the healthcare sector. It also affects the family's labor division and the women's ability and freedom to work and develop in their careers. The stereotypical and inferior view of the foreign-born woman is responsible for exposing them to racist and biased attitudes, creating in-groups and out-groups, and pushing them to work more to prove their worth. In addition, the results indicate that the Swedish authorities also have stereotypical perceptions of foreign-born women and that female-dominated occupations like the healthcare sector are the most favorable occupations for these women. Regarding opportunities, the interviewees reinterpreted the difficulties as opportunities as part of seeing the glass as half full and showing their gratitude for living in Sweden and having opportunities that may not be possible to get in their country of origin.

Background: The incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), a drug withdrawal syndrome mainly associated with opioid exposure in-utero has significantly increased in the United States over the last decade with infants with NOWS staying longer in the hospital than those without NOWS. Objectives: To determine if feeding tube use while on admission is associated with length of hospital stay among infants diagnosed with NOWS. We also compared the differences between infants with NOWS who required the use of feeding tubes while on admission, and those that did not, based on infant and maternal characteristics. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants delivered between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016 at Ballad Health System. Our inclusion criteria were infants who were exposed to opioids in-utero and received a diagnosis of NOWS based on 2 consecutive Finnegan scores of 10, or 3 consecutive scores of 8, or treatment with morphine. Medical chart record of 294 infants who met these criteria were reviewed for infant and maternal characteristics. Our outcome variable was infant length of hospital stay and our predictor variable was feeding tube use an indicator for feeding difficulties. Chi-square test and t-test were used to compare infant and maternal characteristics by feeding tube use. Simple linear regression models were used to assess the effect of feeding tube use and infant and maternal characteristics on infant length of hospital stay. Multiple linear regression was used to model infant length of hospital stay predicted by feeding tube use, while adjusting for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, treatment with morphine, and maternal benzodiazepine use during pregnancy. All analyses were done using SAS 9.4. Results: Of the 294 infants diagnosed with NOWS, 22.11% had feeding difficulties that necessitated use of feeding tubes. Infants who used feeding tubes were significantly more likely to be born preterm (20.31% vs 8.73%, p=0.0096) to be admitted into the NICU (98.46% vs 51.09%, p=

Background: Preterm infants and neonates may present with dysphagia due to immaturity or the presence of medical conditions. Enteral feeds are used to ensure optimal nutrition is achieved while the neonates are developing appropriate oral feeding skills. Varied interventions may be used to transition neonates to full oral feeds as oral feeding is often a prerequisite for discharge from hospital. Aims: The main aim of this study was to summarize, interpret and analyse the literature on the different interventions used for the transition to full oral feeds in preterm infants and neonates to identify research gaps and to inform clinical practice on the best intervention options. A secondary aim was to validate the findings of the scoping review for the South African context. Methods: A scoping review was conducted. Relevant studies were identified by searching six databases, Google and Google scholar. Inclusion criteria included studies written in English, peer reviewed and published between 1998–2018, that described the interventions used to transition preterm infants and neonates to full oral feeds. Data were extracted from the articles using a data charting form and analysed descriptively and thematically. The findings were shared with health care professionals who work with premature infants and neonates who then participated in a semi-structured interview to provide feedback relevant to the South African context. Results: Forty-seven articles were included. Six broad intervention categories were identified: oral-motor, oral-sensory, other senses, timing, cue-based and utensils. Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) interventions were reported most frequently across single and combined interventions. Outcome measures reported included: time taken to full oral feeds, earlier hospital discharge, long-term feeding outcomes, weight and sucking proficiency. Improved outcomes were associated with NNS and NNS with oral stimulation. Nine health care professionals were interviewed. They confirmed using a number of the interventions, with NNS reported the most. Health care professionals also provided insight into the challenges of implementing some interventions due to limited resources and staffing in the South African context. Conclusions: There are a range of interventions reported in the literature and many of them are used in South Africa. Positive outcomes such as earlier transition to full oral feeds; earlier hospital discharge; improved weight gain and improved sucking proficiency have been reported with NNS and combined NNS and Oral Stimulation interventions, however further studies are needed.

This project is part of a community-based intervention research project in rural Appalachia called Mom Power. Mom Power is a trauma-informed parenting intervention developed to improve mental health and parenting among high-risk mothers with young children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal self-care beliefs, and maternal emotion regulation and coping skills. It was hypothesized that self-care beliefs would be negatively associated with emotion regulation difficulties and positively associated with coping skills. To date, 53 mothers oversampled for psychosocial stressors (e.g., low income, mental health difficulties, trauma histories) have completed self-report questionnaires on self-care, emotion regulation difficulties, and coping skills. Self-care beliefs were found to have a nonsignificant correlation with emotion regulation difficulties (r = -0.04) and a nonsignificant correlation with coping skills (r = 0.22). Though nonsignificant, the results add to our understanding of the relationship between these constructs such that there was a trend towards a positive relationship between self-care beliefs and coping, but not a relationship between self-care beliefs and emotion regulation difficulties. More research is needed on this topic to better provide for high-risk mothers.

To have a basic number sense is important for mathematical understanding. Interventions in preschool class has shown significant positive effects on student’s mathematical development throughout elementary school. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of individually designed intensive training on some preschool students with inadequate number sense. The intention was also to demonstrate how the intenvention could be designed as a preventive measure according to the reading, writing, counting guarantee introduced in Swedish school law on July 1st, 2019. The FoNS framework's eight categories, which together constitute basic number sense, has been used as theory and action research was chosen as a method to gain further knowledge of one's own practice and how to further develope it. A quantitative approach in form of a single case design with comparative figures has been used. The study also has a qualitative approach, by analysing the figures qualitatively, and putting them in context. The result showed that a structured, individual intervention can develop significant effects of the number sense. Six preschool students, at the age of six, who in surveys showed shortcomings in the basic number sense received intensive education for five weeks, three times a week, in pair. The study showed that short, intensive interventions can have a good effect if they are individually tailored, structured, well-planned and performed with few students at a time. Four of the survey group's six participants made a marked increase in results from pre- to post-test. Two pupils will need further efforts to achieve an age-appropriate number sense. The study shows that early intensive tuition in mathematics can be a preventive way of working for the special need teacher to prevent math difficulties.

AbstractThis paper investigates the benefits of using different teaching strategies to develop EFL learners’ vocabulary and speaking skills. Undeniably, there are some learners in grades 4-6 who have difficulties to speak and to learn new vocabulary in English classroom, due to many reasons. To examine the impact of different teaching strategies, an electronic research in educational databases ERIC via EBSCO was conducted. The materials used were peer-reviewed journal articles and literature. By examining and analyzing the different articles found, its evident that English teachers often focus on writing and reading activities instead of communicative activities. Some teachers often use the first language in the classroom and learners will do as their teachers. Factors such as large classroom sizes and limitation of communication tasks can motivated learners and make them less confident in speaking and practicing English. These can be the reasons why some EFL learners do not speak and use vocabulary during the communicative activities in the classroom. Thus, this paper clarifies teaching methods and strategies that teachers can use to increase vocabulary learning and speaking in the EFL classroom. Results have shown that the theory of Vygotsky’s sociocultural learning was beneficial to include all learner in authentic communicative activities, which also created an environment that was both communicative and supportive. The communication-based learning activities, such as songs, games, stories, pair work and project work, are useful for learners, since it establishes a communicative environment. Moreover, these activities increase the EFL learners’ motivation towards speaking.

No description available.

No description available.

Studiens syfte är att framlägga de vanligaste konflikterna kommunikativt som uppstår ibyggnadsproduktion mellan arbetsledare, yrkesarbetare och underentreprenörer. Studien taräven upp hur dessa konflikter ska förebyggas samt hantering så det ej återupprepar sig påsamma byggarbetsplats eller nästkommande. Vidare ska studien visa på hur arbetsledare skahantera konflikter som redan har inträffat. Studien exponerar huruvida de olikaledarskapsstilarna implementeras av en arbetsledare för att uppnå en god arbetsmiljö med enbra laganda mellan yrkesarbetare och underentreprenörer. Effekten av detta arbete skulle medhög sannolikhet resultera i bättre kommunikation och en effektivare produktion.I form av en kvalitativ studie besvaras frågeställningarna genom litteraturstudie ochsemistrukturerade intervjuer. En omfattning av 10 stycken kandidater kommer att representeraintervjudelen hos det valda företaget.Det valda företaget där denna studie har utförts är Svenska Entreprenad & Förvaltnings AB(SEFAB). Där upplever ledningen att yrkesarbetare i produktion saknar motivation, därförskall konflikter analyseras. Detta för att uppnå en god arbetsmiljö vilket med hög sannolikhetleder till högre motivation hos medarbetarna.I analysen framkommer den vanligaste orsaken till kommunikativ konflikt, vilket beskrivsvara renhållningen. Hanteringen av denna konflikt föredrar respondenterna att arbetsledarenanvänder sig av en demokratisk ledarstil där alla känner sig delaktiga i beslut. Vidaresammanfattas hantering och förebyggande åtgärder till att hålla en öppen dialog med samtligasamt diskutera problemet. / The purpose of the study is to present the most common conflicts communicatively that arisein house-building production between supervisors, workers and subcontractors. The studyalso addresses how these conflicts should be prevented as well as management so that it doesnot repeat itself at the same construction site or next. In succession, the study will show howsupervisors should handle conflicts that have already erupted. The study exposes whether thedifferent leadership styles are implemented by a supervisor to achieve a good workenvironment with a good team spirit between workers and subcontractors. This work willhopefully lead to better communication and more efficient production in succession.In the form of a qualitative study, the questions will be answered through a literature studyand semi-structured interviews. A total of 10 candidates will represent the interview section atthe selected company.The company selected for this study is Svenska Entreprenad & Förvaltnings AB (SEFAB).There, management feels that workers in the production has lack of motivation, thereforeconflicts must be analyzed in order to achieve a good work environment which hopefullyleads to high motivation among the employees.The analysis shows the most common cause of communicative conflict, which is described asthe cleansing. Handling this conflict, respondents prefer that the supervisor use a democraticleadership style where everyone feels involved in decisions. Furthermore, management andpreventative measures are summarized to keep an open dialogue with everyone and discussthe problem.