Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka lärares upplevelser av utomhuspedagogikens påverkan på elever i koncentrationssvårigheter och vilka positiva samt negativa effekter de ansåg vara mest framträdande. Studien utgår från det kommunikativa relationsinriktade perspektivet (KoRP) i synen på elevers olikheter. Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem lärare i grundskolan (f-9) från tre olika skolor i södra Sverige. Studiens resultat visar på en övervägande positiv upplevelse av utomhuspedagogikens effekter på eleverna, där inte enbart koncentrationsförmågan upplevdes öka utan också andra viktiga faktorer. Slutsatsen är att koncentrationsförmågan är en viktig del i de upplevda effekterna men att inkluderingsaspekten upplevdes vara minst lika viktig. Dock kräver utomhuspedagogiken med elever i koncentrationssvårigheter ett konsekvent arbete över längre tid med tydlig planering och struktur. / The aim of this study was to examine how teachers perceived outdoor education could impact pupils in concentrations difficulties and which positive, but also negative effects seemed the most prominent. The study is based on the communicative relationsbased perspective (KoRP) in how pupils differences are viewed. The data was gathered through semi-structured qualitative interviews with five teachers in elementary school from three different schools located in southern Sweden. The result of the study indicates a predominant positive experience of outdoor educations effects on the pupils, where not only the ability to concentrate was  perceived to improve but also other major factors. The conclusion is that the ability to concentrate is an important part of the perceived effects, but that the inclusion side was perceived just as important. Outdoor education for pupils in concentrations difficulties does however require consistent work over a longer period of time with a distinct planning and framework.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-01-18T13:10:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Sousa Assis.pdf: 909561 bytes, checksum: 04604666edbafbdcdf0f28af1200df4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T13:10:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Sousa Assis.pdf: 909561 bytes, checksum: 04604666edbafbdcdf0f28af1200df4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation research aimed to verify how and why companies apply studied management by competence, the type of perfomance assessment, the main contributions, the facilities and difficulties of the program. They were considered for the survey two companies reported using the management skills as a management method. We used the qualitative research method. We opted for the case study, transversal method where all measurements were made in a single moment. It is a comprehensive study that seeks to understand the facts after they have occured. The unit of analysis was the management processes for skills, performance policy evaluation and analysis of the responses of respondents. The findings of the reserach revealed that organizations seek to integrate studied the organizational strategies with competency management program, the programs are similar, and most important factor: they have the support of the compan´s board. The same conduct annual performance review and give feedback to employees. The focus of the programas is the development of people and the development of skills to meet the goals. However, they have adjustments to be made, as in the study of one of the companies in which the program is not intended for the vast majority of employees. It is a great challenge for the company, as if the situation is not reviewed, may cause harmful effects, such as lack of motivation, dissatisfaction, reduced productivity, workers have no focus no professional growht view. In this way there are not likely to contribute to the achievement of the organization´s strategies. Another issue to be examined is whether the type of performane measurement used by the two organizations, where only the manager evaluates the employee, is the ideal type. In the literatyre, the authors advocate the performance evaluation that 360 degrees is the most complete type and it can bring more benefits. As contributions to the organizations were cited improvement in communication, clarity to know what to evaluate and how to evaluate and easier to resolve questions related to the succession plan. / Esta pesquisa de dissertação teve como objetivos verificar como e porque as empresas estudadas aplicam a gestão por competência, o tipo de avaliação de desempenho, as principais contribuições, as facilidades e dificuldades do programa. Foram consideradas para a pesquisa duas empresas que declararam utilizar a gestão por competências como método de gestão. Utilizou-se o método de pesquisa qualitativa. Optou-se pelo estudo de caso, método transversal onde todas as medições foram feitas em um único momento. É um estudo explicativo, que procura entender os fatos após os mesmos terem ocorrido. A unidade de análise foram os processos de gestão por competências, políticas de avaliação de desempenho e análise das respostas dos respondentes. As conclusões da pesquisa revelaram que as organizações estudadas procuram integrar as estratégias organizacionais com o programa de gestão por competências, que os programas são similares, e o fator mais importante: possuem o apoio da diretoria da empresa. As mesmas realizam avaliação de desempenho anual e dão feedback aos funcionários. O foco dos programas é no desenvolvimento das pessoas e no desenvolvimento de competências para o cumprimento das metas. Entretanto, possuem ajustes a serem feitos, como no estudo de uma das empresas em que o programa não é previsto para a grande maioria dos funcionários. É um grande desafio para a empresa, pois caso a situação não seja revista, poderá causar efeitos nocivos, como a desmotivação, insatisfação, queda de produtividade, ter trabalhadores sem foco e sem visualização de crescimento profissional. Desta forma, os mesmos provavelmente não irão contribuir para o alcance das estratégias da organização. Outra questão a ser analisada é se o tipo de avaliação de desempenho utilizada pelas duas organizações, onde somente o gestor avalia o funcionário, é o tipo ideal. Na literatura os autores defendem a avaliação de desempenho 360 graus que é o tipo mais completo e que pode trazer mais benefícios. Como contribuições para as organizações, foram citadas a melhoria na comunicação, a clareza em saber o que avaliar e como avaliar e facilidade para resolver questões voltadas ao plano de sucessão.

Play is an important contributor to children’s development: it reflects, reinforces, and results in development (Johnson, Christie, Wardle, 2005). However, the tools available to support planning and measurement of play are not sufficiently detailed or focused on children with autism and severe learning difficulties (SLD). Play for children with autism is consistently identified as restrictive and repetitive. Although extensive research examines symbolic play, the content and structure of functional play, which is considered a valuable precursor of symbolic play, is rarely the subject of focused research (Williams, 2003; Lifter, Foster-Sanda, Arzamarski, Briesch, & McClure, 2011). Given the developmental potential that play presents, the aim of this study was to examine the functional play presented by children with autism and SLD, with a view to designing a play framework that enables teachers to support functional play development in the classroom. A pragmatic mixed methods approach was adopted across a three-stage study in three schools. Study 1 provides the background for creating a functional play framework, while Study 2 focuses on the creation of the framework through objective observations of the play activity of a total of 27 children with autism and SLD, as well as interviews with nine classroom teachers. Study 3 was a process of trialling the framework in two schools and collaborating with eight teachers to finalise the functional play framework, in particular by considering its usability. Data collected across the three studies provided a description of functional play that suggests it is more complex than traditionally defined. Four key areas of functional play were identified: interacting with one object; interacting with two (or more) objects; interacting with self; and interacting with the environment. Additionally, 12 subcategories were established as components related to functional play. Teachers reported that they could use the framework to baseline play, set targets and measure play progression for children with autism and SLD. The framework was also identified as a tool that supports classroom management and continuing professional development. The proposed framework facilitates the identification of small increments of progress and extends on other available play frameworks. By developing detailed descriptions of the play that children with autism and SLD present, the framework provides a greater ability to identify precise deficits and, more specifically, to target support in the area of play. Additionally, the collaborative approach with classroom teachers provides diverse viewpoints but also begins to merge the gap between researchers and practitioners in order to ensure a useful resource. Recommendations for further descriptive accounts, greater involvement of classroom professionals in the development of resources and additional trials of the framework are acknowledged.

Detta är en kvalitativ studie med syftet att undersöka lärares uppfattningar om lässvårigheter i grundskolans tidigare år. Vidare syftar studien även till att undersöka hur lärare stödjer eleverna utifrån deras behov samt vilka tillvägagångssätt de använder sig av för att upptäcka lässvårigheter i tid. För att utföra studien har en kvalitativ intervju genomförts med sju verksamma lärare, varav en av dem är verksam i förskoleklass. Resultatet tyder på att det finns många faktorer som påverkar elevers lässvårigheter. Det kan bero på att elever inte har en fonologisk medvetenhet, saknar god ordavkodning eller saknar inre eller yttre motivation. Fortsättningsvis kan det även bero på att någon form av diagnos, så som dyslexi, påverkar elevens läsförmåga. En viktig faktor som tas upp i studien är att elevers problem med läsning aldrig ser likadana ut.  Alla behov ser olika ut och det är lärarens uppgift att hitta en lösning och kunna stödja elevernas fortsatta väg mot inlärning. Slutligen har ytterligare en viktig faktor framkommit av studien, nämligen att en lärare aldrig skall kunna bli överraskad över att en elev visar sig ha lässvårigheter. Det är snarare något de redan skall ha jobbat med för att upptäcka svårigheterna så tidigt som möjligt i undervisningen. / This is a qualitative study with the purpose of examining teachers’ perceptions of reading difficulties in elementary school. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine how teachers support their students based on their needs, as well as what different approaches they use to detect reading difficulties. To examine this, qualitative interviews have been performed with seven active teachers, one of them being active in elementary school. The result that emerged from the study is that there are many factors that affect students with reading difficulties. It can depend on the students not having a phonological awareness, lack of decent word decoding and/or lack of intrinsic or extrinsic motivations. Additionally, it can depend on a diagnosis, such as dyslexia, being involved. An important factor that is brought up in the study is that problems with students’ reading never look the same. Everyone’s needs are different, and it is the teachers’ duty to find a solution and support the students in their continued process of learning. Finally, another factor that has emerged through this study is the fact that a student’s reading difficulties should never come as a surprise as it ought to be the teachers aim to discover reading difficulties as early as possible.

Depuis de nombreuses années, les institutions régaliennes de l’État ont été soumises à d’importants changements organisationnels (délocalisation, restructuration). Dans leur mode de fonctionnement, elles ont dû intégrer la théorie de la « nouvelle gestion publique » (NGP), une approche pragmatique de la division du travail, pour mieux gérer le rapport coût/efficacité de leurs services. Ces changements ont contraint certains agents à se réorienter pour poursuivre leur parcours professionnel. Par ailleurs, d’autres agents sont dans une dynamique non pas contrainte, mais de choix volontaire d’orientation. La thèse vise à interroger les dynamiques identitaires et les processus développés par l’agent dans l’accomplissement de son projet de réorientation. Celui-ci s’expose aux risques liés à son choix et à la fonction dans la reconstruction de son identité professionnelle, qui lui permettent de s’investir dans son travail et d’acquérir compétences, professionnalisme et reconnaissance. Elle se propose de contribuer à comprendre comment les CPRP s’engagent dans cette nouvelle fonction et les freins qui entravent la reconstruction identitaire de ces agents. Les données recueillies et traitées se sont établies sur la base d’un questionnaire auprès de trente agents suivis de quinze entretiens d’approfondissement. L’analyse porte sur la prise de risque dans l’engagement dans la fonction, et lors de l’exercice de cette fonction les difficultés rencontrées et les stratégies mises en place, la gestion du risque et la reconstruction identitaire. Elle a permis de caractériser les différentes configurations identitaires. Dans le rapport nous avons représenté ces configurations à partir de six monographies parmi celles les plus significatives développées. Nous montrons ainsi que le choix initial est un choix qui peut être pris par défaut, la prise de conscience intervient lorsque que le CPRP est confronté au réel de l’activité et que la fonction de « conseiller » inclue une prise de risque qui peut empêcher la mise en place du processus de construction de l’identité professionnelle et de reconstruction de soi, indissociables à la réalisation des missions. / For many years, state institutions have undergone major organizational changes (relocation, restructuring). In their operation mode, they had to integrate the theory of "new public management" (NGP), a pragmatic approach to the division of labor, to improve the management the cost effectiveness of their services. These changes have compelled some agents to reorganize their career path. Besides, other agents are in a dynamic not constrained, but voluntary choice of orientation. This thesis endeavors to investigate the identity dynamics and the processes developed by the agent in the accomplishment of his reorganization project, which expose him to the risks associated with his choice and function in the reconstruction of his professional identity, and allow him to invest in his work and to acquire skills, professionalism and recognition.It aims at contributing to the understanding how the CPRP engage in this new function and the obstacles that hinder the identity reconstruction of these agents. The collected and processed data are uprooted on a questionnaire of thirty staff members followed by fifteen in-depth interviews. The analysis focuses on the risk taking in the commitment related to the function, and in the case of the performance of this function, the encountered difficulties and the set-up strategies, the risk management, and the identity reconstruction. It has made it possible to characterize the different identity configurations. In the report, we have represented these configurations from six monographs among the most significant developed ones.We thus show that the initial choice is a choice that can be made by default, the awareness takes place when the CPRP is confronted to the reality of the activity and that the function of "advisor" includes a risk taking that can prevent the process establishment of building professional identity and self-reconstruction, inseparable from the realization of missions.

Nessa dissertação foi adotado o modelo de explicação do Transtorno de Déficit de AtençãoHiperatividade (TDAH) que prioriza o déficit da memória de trabalho como o seu núcleo. Os teóricos deste modelo apresentam evidências de que a desatenção e a hiperatividade de crianças e adolescentes com TDAH estejam relacionadas a (e até produzidas por) um déficit na memória de trabalho. As crianças e os adolescentes com TDAH também apresentam baixo desempenho matemático, associado ao desempenho na memória de trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo é entender o papel desempenhado pela memória de trabalho (executivo central, alça fonológica e esboço visuoespacial) em crianças e adolescentes com TDAH em relação à dificuldade e ao transtorno de matemática. O banco de dados utilizado faz parte da pesquisa intitulada “Scholar high risk cohort study for the development of psychopathology and resilience – Prevention Study” do Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Infância e Adolescência (INPD). Foram avaliados três componentes da memória de trabalho, através de quatro tarefas: span de dígitos na ordem direta – alça fonológica; span de dígitos na ordem inversa – executivo central mediado pela alça fonológica; Corsi Blocks na ordem direta – esboço visuoespacial; Corsi Blocks na ordem inversa – executivo central mediado pelo esboço visuoespacial. Os sujeitos com TDAH (n=205) foram avaliados para DM ou TM através do Teste de Desempenho Escolar de Stein (1994). Devido à pouca quantidade de sujeitos identificados com TM (n=7), foi necessário agrupá-los aos sujeitos com DM (n=23; n total=30). Foi realizada Análise de Regressão Logística Binária para verificar se os componentes da memória de trabalho poderiam explicar o diagnóstico de DM ou TM. Como a alça fonológica não teve poder explicativo nesta análise, compreende-se que o poder explicativo da tarefa span de dígitos na ordem inversa tenha sido significativo por exigir capacidade do executivo central, e não por causa da mediação da alça fonológica. O esboço visuoespacial não teve poder explicativo em relação ao diagnóstico de DM e TM no modelo multivariável. Os resultados desse estudo vão ao encontro de pesquisas que apontam o baixo desempenho em tarefas que avaliam o componente executivo central da memória de trabalho de crianças e adolescentes com TDAH. Este estudo também se alinha com as pesquisas que apontam a necessidade do executivo central para a execução de tarefas aritméticas; lembrando que cálculos aritméticos são a base do teste utilizado para diagnosticar a DM e o TM. Acredita-se que a perspectiva apresentada é promissora para a compreensão das relações entre o TDAH e a DM e o TM. A memória de trabalho pode estar desempenhando um papel mais importante do que os próprios sintomas de desatenção e hiperatividade/impulsividade na dinâmica do TDAH. Com isso não se pretende negar a influência que a desatenção e a hiperatividade exercem sobre a aprendizagem, mas sim vinculá-las e explicá-las pelos déficits na memória de trabalho apresentados por crianças e adolescentes com TDAH. / This dissertation adopts an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) model of explanation in which the working memory deficit is the disorder’s core. Proponents of this model provide evidence that inattention and hyperactivity in ADHD children and adolescents are related to (and even produced by) a working memory deficit. ADHD children and adolescents also have low mathematical performance which is associated to the working memory performance. This study’s goal is to understand the role played by working memory (central executive, phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad) in ADHD children and adolescents regarding mathematical learning difficulty (MLD) and mathematical disability (MD). The used database is part of a research entitled "Scholar high risk cohort study for the development of psychopathology and resilience – Prevention Study" from the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Infância e Adolescência (INPD). Three components of working memory were evaluated through four tasks: forward digit span - phonological loop; backward digit span - central executive mediated by the phonological loop; forward Corsi Blocks - visuospatial sketchpad; backward Corsi Blocks - central executive mediated by the visuospatial sketchpad. The subjects with ADHD were assessed (n=205) for MLD and MD through the School Achievement Test (Stein, 1994). Due to the limited number of MD subjects identified (n=7), it was necessary to regroup them with the MLD subjects (n=23; total number=30). Binary Logistic Regression Analysis was performed to verify if the working memory components could explain the MLD or MD diagnosis. As phonological loop had no explanatory power in this analysis, it was understood that the backward digit span task explanatory power was significant because required the central executive ability, but not because it was mediated by the phonological loop. diagnosis in the multivariate model. The results of this study are compatible with studies that show poor performance on working memory central executive tasks in ADHD children and adolescents. This study also aligns with recent researches which point to the need of central executive to perform arithmetic tasks, noting that arithmetic computations are the test basis used to diagnose MLD and MD. The presented argument is promising for understanding the relationship between ADHD and MLD / MD. Working memory may play a more important role in the dynamics of ADHD than the actual symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. This study does not deny the inattention and hyperactivity influence on learning, but seeks to bind them with and explain them through the working memory deficits presented by ADHD children and adolescents.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaAraujo.pdf: 311613 bytes, checksum: e2175a200d37e56c27efb13db177acad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The practice of the teacher in the classroom has great importance for a successful development of the student. In primary education we can notice high numbers of children with learning disabilities related to reading and writing - they know how to read what is written, but they cannot interpret what they are reading. In this context, this study aimed to conduct a discussion to see if, indeed, the psycho-pedagogical acquirements are facilitators for organizing interventions in pedagogical practice of teachers who face learning difficulties of students in reading and writing process, and to investigate whether teachers who have the psycho-pedagogical knowledge are more successful in terms of satisfactory results considering the interventions with their students, then to teachers who have no such knowledge. This study is delimited in the scope of the elementary school, and had as subjects, six pedagogue teachers who work or worked in the 3rd or 4th year of Cycle I (the first series) in public schools at São Paulo - three of them have the psychopedagogy course and three of them do not have the psychopedagogy course, and it had as motivating the following questions: A psychoeducational practice can contribute positively in the school context? The pedagogue teacher, with psycho-pedagogical knowledge, feels it is easier to deal with learning difficulties? It is also conducted a historic recovery about the Psychoeducation emergence in Brazil and its field performance, as well as reflections on the discussion about the difficulties of learning is related to the difficulties of teaching and learning. The basic academic references, for deepening discussions of some proposals, was based on authors such as Bossa, 2011; Fernández, 1991; Pain, 1992; Polity, 2002 and Franco, 2003. To collect data from selected subjects, we conducted semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed for later analysis categories organization, through the methodology of content analysis proposed by Franco (2003). Through this study we found that as the psychopedagogy has an interdisciplinary feature, much of its theoretical and practical contributions come from other areas of knowledge, such as pedagogy. Thus, much of interventional practices of teachers with psychopedagogy to students who face learning difficulties in reading and writing, are the same as the teachers without psychopedagogy, use in the classroom. / A prática do professor em sala de aula é de extrema importância para um bom desenvolvimento do educando. No ensino básico podemos perceber grande número de crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem relacionadas à leitura e à escrita elas sabem ler o que está escrito, mas não conseguem interpretar o que estão lendo. Diante desse contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma discussão para verificar se, efetivamente, os conhecimentos psicopedagógicos são facilitadores para a organização de intervenções na prática pedagógica de professores que enfrentam dificuldades de aprendizagem de alunos no processo de leitura e escrita, e investigar se os professores que possuem os conhecimentos psicopedagógicos têm mais sucesso em termos de resultados satisfatórios frente às intervenções com seus alunos, em relação aos professores que não possuem estes conhecimentos. Este estudo se delimitou no âmbito do Ensino Fundamental, e teve como sujeitos, seis professores pedagogos que atuam ou atuaram, nos 3º ou 4º anos do Ciclo I (das séries iniciais) em escolas públicas na grande São Paulo três que possuem o curso de psicopedagogia e três que não possuem o curso de psicopedagogia, e teve como motivadoras as seguintes questões: A prática psicopedagógica pode contribuir de forma positiva no contexto escolar? O professor pedagogo, com os conhecimentos psicopedagógicos, tem mais facilidade para lidar com dificuldades de aprendizagem? É realizada, também, uma recuperação histórica sobre o surgimento da Psicopedagogia no Brasil e seu campo de atuação, além de reflexões sobre se a discussão acerca das dificuldades de aprendizagem está relacionada com as dificuldades de ensinagem". O referencial teórico básico, para o aprofundamento de algumas discussões propostas, baseou-se em autores como Bossa, 2011; Fernández, 1991; Paín, 1992; Polity, 2002 e Franco, 2003. Para a coleta de dados dos sujeitos selecionados, realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas em áudio e transcritas, para posterior organização de categorias de análises, por meio da metodologia de análise de conteúdo proposta por Franco (2003). Através desta investigação constatamos que como a psicopedagogia possui um caráter interdisciplinar, muito da sua contribuição teórica e prática vêm de outras áreas do conhecimento, como por exemplo, da pedagogia. Assim, muito das práticas interventivas dos professores com psicopedagogia para com os alunos que enfrentam dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita, são as mesmas que os professores, sem psicopedagogia, utilizam em sala de aula.

Esta pesquisa buscou identificar fatores do universo acadêmico que interferem na aprendizagem de estudantes universitários de Ciências Exatas e de Engenharias, dificultando sua aprendizagem e seu desempenho. O principal referencial teórico utilizado foi a Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget e colaboradores. A investigação, de caráter exploratório, buscou o que pode ser comum aos diferentes indivíduos pesquisados. O instrumento para coleta de dados consistiu em um questionário, disponibilizado online, contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas. A análise dos dados foi qualitativa para as perguntas abertas e quantitativa-descritiva para as fechadas. Participaram 395 estudantes dos cursos de Engenharia e de Ciências Exatas, sem restrição de etapa de matrícula. Foram encontrados fatores que, segundo os estudantes, intervêm tanto em sua aprendizagem quanto no seu desempenho e são relacionados: a) aos próprios alunos, como desmotivação para estudar e falta de conhecimentos prévios; b) aos conteúdos, como grande volume e alto nível de dificuldade; e c) aos professores, como metodologia de ensino e tipo de avaliação. Além disso, especificamente no que se refere à aprendizagem, os estudantes indicaram dificuldades quanto a não saber estudar, falta de sentido ou incompreensão dos conteúdos e não conseguir relacioná-los. Falta de tempo para estudar e cansaço também foram descritos, dentre outros. Quase metade dos estudantes considera-se satisfeita com sua aprendizagem e satisfeita em parte com o desempenho obtido. Constatou-se que: as dificuldades que interferem na aprendizagem e no desempenho se assemelham; o modo do estudante conceber sua aprendizagem pode refletir na forma como se relaciona com ela, influenciando sua postura frente às tarefas acadêmicas; e a responsabilidade das dificuldades no desempenho e na aprendizagem não são exclusividade do aluno, mas também de outros fatores, tais como problemas advindos do ensino básico que continuam a repercutir no ambiente universitário. / This research aimed to identify academic factors that affect the learning students of Engineering and Exact Sciences, hindering their learning and performance. As main theoretical framework it was used the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget and colleagues. This exploratory study sought what can be common between the subjects. It was used an online questionnaire with closed and open questions. Data analysis was qualitative for the open questions and quantitative-descriptive for the closed. The participants were 395 college students of Engineering and Exact Sciences, without semester restriction. The following factors were founded to be connected equally with learning and performance and were related to: a) the students, such as demotivation to study and lack of previous knowledge; b) the subjects, such as large volume and level of difficulty; c) the teachers, such as teaching methodology and type of assessment. Especially with regard to learning, students indicated difficulties as not knowing how to study, lack of sense or misunderstanding the subjects and not being able to relate them. Lack of time to study and fatigue were also cited, among others. Almost half of the students were satisfied with their learning and satisfied in part with their performance. It was conclude that difficulties in learning and performance are similar; that the way students understand their learning can reflect on how they deal with it, affecting their posture to academic tasks; and that the responsibility for difficulties are not exclusive to the student, but also depends on the other factors, such as basic education problems that reverberate in the university environment.

Will specificic failures of learning influence individual´s journey throught his life? In my work I deal with problems of living with dyslexia. How the specific learning difficulties will affect an individual's life. The main aim of my thesis is to examine how specific learning disability affects personal and educational development of the individual. The goals of my work are: to determine approach of the parents to the child with specific learning difficulties, approach of teachers at the primary school, high school or university. Recording of feelings from childhood to the present. Explore possibilities of applying on the job market, comparison with individuals who do not suffer from disorder. Find out how the specific learning difficulties affected individuals. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics specific learning difficulties, their causes, manifestations of classification learning difficulties, dyslexia diagnostics, educational diagnosis, dyslexia, its symptoms in adulthood and reeducation of dyslexia. In the practical part I will examine how learning difficulties affect individual lives from the beginning of education to adulthood. The research sample will consist of adults with learning difficulties in anamneses and without anamneses. Basic methods will be questioning and interview. The practical part of my work is based on the theoretical part.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:21:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 giroto_crm_dr_mar.pdf: 1218309 bytes, checksum: 283ad14a29641b231c58bbf21188ab68 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Numa abordagem constitutiva da linguagem, as dificuldades relativas aos aspectos notacionais são interpretadas como inerentes ao processo formal de aquisição da escrita e como indícios da elaboração de soluções para tais dificuldades. Portanto, não são consideradas como manifestações patológicas de distúrbios de aprendizagem. Tal abordagem pressupõe, numa época em que se preconiza uma escola acolhedora à diversidade de alunos e às singularidades de cada indivíduo, que tanto o professor quanto o fonoaudiólogo devem compreender a sua atuação com a escrita de modo mais cuidadoso, a fim de não patologizarem tais aspectos, a ponto de contribuírem para a institucionalização invisível e a evasão escolar. Com base em tais idéias, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de problematizar a compreensão de 21 professores de 1ª e 2ª séries, do ensino fundamental, a respeito dos aspectos notacionais da escrita, presentes nos textos dos seus alunos, sob o efeito da colaboração fonoaudiológica. A metodologia compreendeu, quanto a essa colaboração, a realização de atividades, em parceria com os professores, voltadas à reflexão e à modificação de práticas, cotidianamente utilizadas em sala de aula, relativas à forma como compreendem e atuam com a linguagem escrita. Tais atividades incluíram a realização de encontros teórico-reflexivos, a análise conjunta de textos e, ainda, a criação de um grupo de apoio aos alunos considerados, por seus professores, como sendo aqueles com distúrbios de aprendizagem. A fim de viabilizar tais atividades, recorreu-se à realização de entrevistas em grupo e individuais e à utilização de dois questionários. Também foi realizada a observação, em sala de aula, da conduta dos professores frente a tais aspectos, durante atividades de produção de textos. Com essa mesma finalidade, os professoress... . / When putting in focus the constitutive part of the language, the difficulties related to the diacritical marks are interpreted as inherent to the formal process of writing acquisition and as indications of the elaboration of solutions to such difficulties. Therefore, they are not considered as pathological manifestations of learning disorders. In such a time when it's expected of schools to act in a cordial manner to student's diversity and the singularities of each individual, such an approach assumes that teachers, and also speech therapists, must understand their role in writing in a more careful manner, in order not to treat such aspects as pathologies and to contribute to the invisible institutionalization and school evasion. Based on these ideas, this study was developed with the objective of checking the comprehension of 21 teachers of the first and second grades of the elementary education about the diacritical marks aspects of writing, present in their student's texts, under the effect of speech therapy collaboration. As for this collaboration, the methodology included activities in association with the teachers in order to make them meditate and modify their habitual doing in the classroom in relation to the way they understand and act with the written language. Such activities included theoretical-reflexive meetings and the analysis of texts and also the creation of support groups to help students that were considered by the teachers as the ones with learning difficulties. In order to make such activities viable, two questionnaires were used and there were group and individual interviews. There was also observation in the classroom of the teachers conduct when faced to such aspects during activities of text production. With the same purpose the teachers... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).