BENEVIDES, Marta Cavalcante. Avaliação da aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência: estudo de caso em uma instituição de ensino superior da rede pública de Fortaleza-Ceará. 2011. 173f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-07T12:47:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_DIS_MCBENEVIDES.pdf: 1049581 bytes, checksum: 2a78a50bd167a4194dcab7fd7d3bf3f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-09T11:42:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_DIS_MCBENEVIDES.pdf: 1049581 bytes, checksum: 2a78a50bd167a4194dcab7fd7d3bf3f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-09T11:42:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_DIS_MCBENEVIDES.pdf: 1049581 bytes, checksum: 2a78a50bd167a4194dcab7fd7d3bf3f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / The learning evaluation for disabled students is a pedagogic element of great importance; it can aid or raise difficulties for these students’ educational inclusion. The inclusive avaluation must be prospective, accomplishing a diagnosis of the disabled students’ emerging cognitive conditions. Therefore, it should not be limited to the verification of their acquired capacities. That type of superficial evaluation seems to be harmful, because it can decrease the expectations of the professionals of Education, especially the teacher or professor, regarding that specific group. The educational inclusion of disabled students becomes, as a result, a challenge, because the daily practices of all the teaching levels are still very influenced by traditional conceptions of evaluation that exclude those students with differentiated ways of learning and living. The main purpose of the current research is to accomplish an investigation about the practice of learning evaluation for disabled students registered in graduate and postgraduate level courses of humanities and educational areas in a Public Institute of Higher Education. Specifically, this study aimed: i) knowing the difficulties lived by students, professors and coordinators regarding learning evaluation for disabled students; ii) identifying the accessibility conditions concerning the practices of learning evaluation; iii) gathering contributions of students, professors and coordinators for an inclusive practice of learning evaluation. Thus, a qualitative research was accomplished, as a case study. The semi-structured interview and the questionnaire were used as instruments for data collection. A content analysis of the collected data was accomplished. The sample was composed by: nine disabled students; seven graduate level course’s coordinators and nineteen professors; thirty five subjects altogether. The results revealed that the adaptations accomplished to evaluate the disabled student are still insufficient. The difficulties refer to an inadequate professor educational, to the lack of physical and structural adaptation and the absence of a larger discussion on the theme. The suggestions point to the importance of investment in material and human resources and the adaptation of physical spaces. / A avaliação da aprendizagem voltada para o aluno com deficiência é um elemento pedagógico de grande importância, que pode auxiliar ou dificultar a inclusão do aluno na instituição de ensino. A avaliação inclusiva deve ser prospectiva, realizando um diagnóstico das condições cognitivas emergentes do aluno que apresenta algum tipo de deficiência, não devendo limitar-se à verificação das suas capacidades adquiridas. Esse tipo de avaliação superficial aparece como nociva, tendo em vista que pode rebaixar as expectativas dos profissionais da Educação, especialmente do professor, em relação a esse grupo específico. A inclusão educacional do aluno com deficiência se torna, portanto, um desafio, tendo em vista que as práticas cotidianas de todos os níveis de ensino ainda são fortemente influenciadas por concepções tradicionais de avaliação que acabam por excluir aqueles alunos que possuem maneiras diferenciadas de aprender e de vivenciar o mundo. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral realizar uma investigação da prática de avaliação da aprendizagem destinada aos alunos com deficiência matriculados em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação do Centro de Humanidades (CH) e da Faculdade de Educação (FACED) de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) da rede pública. Especificamente, intencionou-se: i) conhecer as dificuldades vivenciadas por alunos, professores e coordenadores na avaliação da aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência; ii) identificar as condições de acessibilidade referentes às práticas avaliativas; iii) reunir contribuições de alunos, professores e coordenadores para uma prática inclusiva de avaliação de aprendizagem. Para esse propósito, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na forma de estudo de caso. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram a entrevista semiestruturada e o questionário. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo dos dados coletados. A amostra foi composta por: nove alunos com deficiência; sete coordenadores de curso e dezenove professores, perfazendo um total de trinta e cinco sujeitos. Os resultados revelaram que as adaptações realizadas para avaliar o aluno com deficiência ainda são insuficientes. As dificuldades se referem a uma formação docente inadequada, à falta de adequação física e estrutural e à ausência de uma maior discussão sobre o tema. As sugestões apontam para a importância de investimento em recursos materiais e humanos e para a adequação dos espaços físicos.

This research explores constructions and understandings of fluctuating or recurring impairments in Higher Education in the UK. It considers ways in which institutional discourses within one UK University have shaped policy and provision for disabled students, and how students with fluctuating or recurring impairments negotiate and enact identities in this context. For many students, impairments such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/ myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), epilepsy or diabetes, for example, have the potential to vary in intensity, and thus impact, on participation in learning activities and on self-perception/ identity. With increasing disclosure, yet limited recognition, of such types of impairment comes a need for institutions to better understand changing impact in terms of inclusion and in observing anticipatory aspects of legislation, as well as furthering insight into how student identities are negotiated and constructed in an educational context. This research uses a social constructionist framework to explore constructions and subjectivities as regards fluctuating or recurring impairments, and comprises both staff and student perspectives. The staff perspective is based on the thematic narrative analysis of interviews with three members of staff, and is presented in conjunction with an example of institutional policy to highlight discourses drawn upon in constructing disability and disabled students. The impact of these discourses on institutional constructions and practice is key to the analysis. The student perspective is based on two phases of data collection: firstly, 24 semi-structured interviews with students who self-described a fluctuating or recurring impairment; and secondly, five students’ responses to six bi-weekly emails over the course of one academic trimester (January – April 2011). Summary data from the first phase is used to frame discussion on issues raised by students regarding institutional constructions and support. A ‘hybrid’ narrative analysis framework incorporating positioning analysis as well as both ‘big’ and ‘small stories’ has been used in analysing the phase two data. The approach considers the influence of institutional discourses on how students are positioned institutionally and position themselves, as well as ways in which performances of identity may be shaped. The thesis concludes by considering the implications of the research outcomes for Higher Education. In so doing, it notes the significance of policy implementation and cultural change, and makes recommendations for areas of focus in raising institutional awareness of fluctuating or recurring impairments within existing constructions of disability.

The purposes of the study were (1) to determine the perceptions of high school principals and special education directors toward the participation by mentally retarded (MR) and learning disabled (LD) students in extracurricular activities in small, medium, and large schools, (2) to compare the perceptions of high school principals and special education directors, (3) to determine the perceptions of high school principals and special education directors toward the mandates of Public Law 94-142 which deal with extracurricular activities, (4) to compare the perceptions of principals and special education directors in regard to those mandates, (5) to compare the perceptions of high school principals in the three school sizes, and (6) to compare the perceptions of special education directors in the three school sizes. Based on the findings of this study the following conclusions are presented. 1. It appears that working closely with the special education program may help to improve perceptions toward students and laws affecting them. 2. It appears that principals’ perceptions may be improved through a more personal relationship with and awareness of MR and LD students and the laws affecting their education. 3. Low scores in regard to Public Law 94-142 may indicate an intolerance and lack of understanding of the law or philosophical differences in regard to mandated programs. 4. Low scores by principals in particular on the law section may be due to lack of ample time available to study the law. 5. There appears to be no differences in perceptions of principals in Texas high schools regardless of school size. 6. It appears that smaller schools with fewer special education students have special education directors with more positive perceptions than the directors in other school sizes.

Au Québec, l’enfant est actuellement au centre de son éducation. Les intervenants gravitant autour de lui sont donc appelés à collaborer tout au long de son parcours scolaire afin de l’aider à atteindre son plein potentiel. Cette dynamique de collaboration est d’autant plus nécessaire lorsqu’il s’agit d’élève handicapé ou en difficulté d’adaptation ou d’apprentissage (ÉHDAA) pour qui la réussite éducative n’est pas toujours évidente. Le régime pédagogique de l’éducation préscolaire, de l’enseignement primaire et de l’enseignement secondaire du Québec (Gouvernement du Québec, 2020a) prescrit que des renseignements doivent être fournis une fois par mois aux parents d’enfants ayant des difficultés. Cette transmission de renseignements a pour but de favoriser la collaboration des parents et de l’école. Malheureusement, cette collaboration n’est pas toujours effective et de nombreux facteurs d’obstacles entravent la relation école-famille (Bouchard, St-Amant et coll., 2000 et Kalubi et Lesieux, 2006). Toutefois, en milieu scolaire, le plan d’intervention (PI) est un outil reconnu pour aider l’élève HDAA dans son cheminement scolaire puisqu’il incite, entre autres, à la collaboration entre l’école et la famille et demande l’implication des parents (Gouvernement du Québec, 2004). À cet égard, le PI est une démarche qui s’inscrit dans un « cycle de vie d’un PI dynamique et continu (Myara, 2017, p.52) », au travers d’une collaboration-école-famille permettant de mieux identifier les besoins de l’élève HDAA et d’y répondre. Cette recherche a pour but d’identifier les différentes formes de collaboration-école-famille qui existent entre les enseignants et les parents lors du cycle de vie d’un PI et de déterminer si le programme de formation et d’accompagnement à l’élaboration des PI (FADéPI) permet aux parents de s’y impliquer davantage. Ce faisant, nous avons adopté une approche de recherche mixte qui a été menée auprès de cinq intervenants scolaires et de deux parents d’élèves HDAA. Les données ont été recueillies par le biais d’analyse de canevas de PI, de questionnaires et d’inventaires. L’analyse des résultats semble révéler que bien que les parents participent habituellement aux rencontres de PI, ils n’arrivent pas toujours préparés comme le souhaiteraient les intervenants scolaires. De plus, bien que la littérature soutienne que la collaboration est essentielle à la réussite éducative de l’élève, elle ne semble pas toujours facile à obtenir. Toutefois, il existe diverses formes et périodes de collaboration, divers modes de collaboration et différents niveaux de collaboration, à l’intérieur de la démarche de PI, qui varient selon le degré de relation, le niveau de compétence de l’élève et de la complexité de ses besoins. Quant à l’impact du programme FADéPI sur l’implication parentale, il semble d’une part qu’il pourrait faciliter la participation et l’implication parentale de différentes façons. Toutefois, cette participation ne serait pas nécessairement active et ne découlerait pas d’un véritable partenariat (Bouchard et coll., 1996 et Deslandes, 1999), puisque malgré le désir d’atteindre un but commun et la confiance mutuelle, il ne semblerait pas y avoir une réelle recherche de consensus dans la prise de décision ni même une reconnaissance réciproque d’expertise qui permettrait de créer une relation d’égalité entre les participants. D’autre part, nous avons remarqué que l’accès à un canevas de PI, sur une plateforme, qui documente des objectifs observables, mesurables, qui met en exergue la progression des apprentissages de l’élève, et donne la possibilité aux parents de communiquer en mode synchrone ou asynchrone, favorise les connaissances des parents relatifs au PI de leur enfant et facilite la communication. / In the province of Quebec, children are the focal point of their own education. Teachers and professionals surrounding the student are called upon to collaborate throughout the her or his academic experience in order to help her or him reach their full potential. This collaborative dynamic is even more so essential when it comes to students with a disabilities or for whom educational success is not always obvious. The basic education regulation for preschool, elementary and secondary education in Quebec (Gouvernement du Québec, 2020a) requires that information be provided at least once a month to parents of children with different needs. The purpose of shared information is to encourage collaboration between parents and the school. Unfortunately, this collaboration is not always efficient and many factors hinder a fruitful relationship between the student’s school and family (Bouchard, St-Amant et al., 2000 and Kalubi and Lesieux, 2006). In a school environment, the individualized education program (IEP) is a recognized tool for helping the because students with different needs, it stimulates, among other things, collaboration between the school and the family and requires parent involvement (Government of Quebec, 2004). Actually an IEP is a process which takes part of a dynamic and continuous IEP life cycle (Myara, 2017, p.52)”, throughout a school-family collaboration allowing one to identify and respond to students different needs. This research aims to identify the different forms and modes of school-family collaboration that exist between IEP team members and parents during an IEP life cycle of and determine whether or not the training and support program for IEP development of IEPs (TSIEP) Program allows parents to become more involved. In our method, we adopted a mixed research approach. This was done with the participation of five school resource members and two parents of students with different needs. Data was collected through the analysis of IEPs documents, questionnaires and inventories. The results seems to reveal that although parents usually attend IEP meetings, they do not always arrive as prepared as the school counselors would like. Additionally, although the literature argues that collaboration is essential to a student's educational success, it does not always seem easy to achieve it. However, there are various forms, modes, levels and periods of collaboration during the IEP process, which vary according to the degree of the different relationships, the students competencies and the complexity of her or his needs. As for the impact of the FADéPI program on parental involvement, it seems on the one hand that it could facilitate parental participation and involvement in different ways. However, this participation would not necessarily be proactive and would not result from a true partnership (Bouchard et al., 1996 and Deslandes, 1999), since despite the desire to achieve a common goal and mutual trust, it would not seem there is a real search for consensus in decision-making or even a reciprocal recognition of expertise which would make it possible to create an equal relationship between the participants. On the other hand, we noticed that access to an online IEP template or model, which documents observable, measurable goals, highlights students progress and provides parents with the opportunity to communicate in synchronous or asynchronous mode, promotes parents' knowledge of their child's IEP and facilitates communication.