O desenvolvimento orientado a modelos (Model Driven Development - MDD) é uma abordagem que tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço na indústria e na academia, trazendo grandes benefícios, como o aumento de produtividade. Uma forma de se trabalhar usando MDD em equipe é usando uma IDE (Integrated Development Environment) associada a um sistema de versionamento. Entretanto, trabalhar colaborativamente usando uma IDE associada a um sistema de versionamento pode trazer algumas complicações para o desenvolvimento como: conflitos de modelos, documentação descontinuada, dificuldades por parte dos interessados em usar sistemas de versionamento, etc. Nesse contexto, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de uso de wiki para desenvolvimento de MDD, de modo que o desenvolvedor seja capaz de criar modelos, gerar código fonte, compartilhar e versionar os modelos e ainda documentar colaborativamente, de maneira mais simples e fácil do que abordagens tradicionais. Isso possibilita que mais usuários não desenvolvedores possam participar mais no processo de desenvolvimento e ainda permite o aumento de produtividade. Para tentar evidenciar de que é possível uma wiki ser usada para desenvolver software, foi criada uma Domain Specific Language - DSL em uma wiki e foram realizados três estudos de caso: um com estudantes do ensino médio e que representam os não desenvolvedores, um com quatro alunos de pós-graduação com experiência de desenvolvimento na indústria e o último estudo de caso foi realizado com 48 participantes entre desenvolvedores e alunos de pósgraduação em Ciências da Computação. Os estudos de caso mostraram que é viável usar uma wiki para desenvolvimento, que não desenvolvedores se adaptam bem à abordagem e que 86% dos desenvolvedores usariam a abordagem proposta se tivessem que trabalhar com MDD. Os estudos de caso também levantaram as principais barreiras para aumentar a aceitação da abordagem. Com isso, este trabalho apresenta além de uma abordagem relativamente inédita na literatura, resultados sobre uso de sistemas de versionamento, de IDEs e de desenvolvimento colaborativo / The Model Driven Development (MDD) is an approach that has gained more space in industry and academia, bringing great benefits such as increased productivity. One way of working in teams with MDD is using an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) with a versioning system. However, to collaboratively work with an IDE and a versioning system may have implications and problems for the development as: conflicts of models, documentation discontinued, difficulties for stakeholders to use versioning systems, etc. In this context, this work proposes an approach to use a wiki to develop MDD, so that the developer is able to create models, generate source code, sharing and versioning models and also to collaboratively document, in a more simple and easy way than the traditional approaches. This enables non developers can participate more in the development process and also allows increasing productivity. To try to show that a wiki can be used to develop software, we created a Domain Specific Language (DSL) in a wiki and were performed three case studies: one with high school students and represent the non developers, another one with four graduate students with experience in software development in the industry, and the last case study was conducted with 48 participants among developers and graduate students in Computer Science. The case studies showed the feasibility of using a wiki for development, that non developers adapted well to the approach and 86 % of the developers would use a wiki to develop MDD. The study also raised the main barriers to increase the acceptance of the approach. Therefore, this work presents also a relatively new approach in the literature and results on the use of versioning systems, IDEs and collaboratively development

Dans les domaines critiques tels que l’avionique, le ferroviaire ou encore l’automobile, il faut, afin de pouvoir certifier un système, démontrer qu’il réalise la fonction pour laquelle il a été conçu, selon des exigences temporelles spécifiées. En effet, un rendu temporel trop long peut rendre des données erronées, et ainsi mettre en danger la sûreté des personnes. Aujourd’hui, la plupart des approches proposent d’assurer ces exigences de Qualité de service au niveau des couches basses, e.g., au travers d’une bande passante déterministe, d’allocation statique d’intervalles de temps, et d’un ordonnancement prédéfini. Ces contraintes assurent que les applications ne peuvent dépasser le temps d’exécution alloué ; les applications récupèrent de ce fait des exigences qui sont découplées de leur fonctionnalité. En revanche, il faut aussi pouvoir certifier des exigences temporelles spécifiques à une application. De là, les garanties au niveau des couches basses ne sont plus suffisantes. Il faudrait pouvoir prendre en compte ces exigences dès la phase de conception des applications. Aujourd’hui, la plupart des approches existant dans ce domaine se concentrent sur le support de QoS à des phases isolées du processus de développement logiciel, empêchant la traçabilité des exigences. Cette thèse propose une approche dirigée par la conception pour supporter les exigences de QoS tout au long du processus de développement logiciel, intégrée dans une méthodologie outillée, appelée DiaSuite. L’extension de QoS enrichit le langage de conception DiaSpec avec la capacité d’instancier les exigences de QoS sur les composants logiciels. Un support de surveillance à l’exécution de ces exigences temporelles est ensuite généré, directement à partir de la spécification. Cette thèse intègre uniformément les concepts temporels avec les concepts de gestion d’erreurs, au travers de la méthodologie DiaSuite, afin de proposer une couche de supervision qui puisse effectuer une reconfiguration applicative, dans le cas de violation de contrat de QoS. Les contributions de cette thèse sont évaluées au regard du respect des critères de cohérence et de conformité, illustrés au travers d’une étude de cas dans le domaine avionique. / In critical domains such as avionics, railways or automotive, to certify a system, it is required to demonstrate that it achieves its function, with respect to specified timing requirements. Indeed, longer-than-predicted function computing can make data erroneous, leading potentially to endanger people lives. Today, most approaches propose to ensure these Quality of Service requirements at platform level, e.g., through deterministic bandwidth, static time slots allocation and predefined scheduling. These constraints ensure applications can’t overpass allocated time slots; applications are then fed with requirements decoupled to their functionality. However, it shall be possible to certify timing requirements, dedicated to an application. Hence, guarantees at platform-level are not sufficient anymore. It should be possible to take into account these requirements from the stage of application design. Today, most of existing approaches in this domain, focus on supporting QoS at individual stages of the software development process, preventing requirements traceability. This thesis proposes a design-driven approach to supporting QoS throughout software development process, integrated in a tool-based methodology, namely DiaSuite. The QoS extension enriches the DiaSpec design language, with the capability to instantiate QoS requirements onto software components. A runtime execution support to monitoring these timing requirements, is then generated, directly from the specification. This thesis uniformly integrates timing concepts with error ones, around DiaSuite methodology, to propose a supervision layer that could lead to application reconfiguration in case of QoS contract violation. Contributions of this thesis are evaluated through respect of coherence and conformance critera, illustrated through a case study in avionics.

In enterprises, virtual collaboration is increasingly important due to digitalization and the rising relevance of knowledge work. Product costing is an example of a business domain that is characterized by a high demand for communication, coordination, and information exchange. Time and location-based restrictions underline the necessity of computer-assisted support in collaboration. The concept of Business Domain-Specific e-Collaboration presented in this thesis is an approach to integrate IT-support for virtual cooperation directly into the core processes of particular business domains and the corresponding enterprise systems. Derived from the example of the product costing domain, design principles for Business Domain-Specific e-Collaboration illustrate how such an integration can be achieved in various business domains.

abstract: This Master’s thesis includes the design, integration on-chip, and evaluation of a set of imitation learning (IL)-based scheduling policies: deep neural network (DNN)and decision tree (DT). We first developed IL-based scheduling policies for heterogeneous systems-on-chips (SoCs). Then, we tested these policies using a system-level domain-specific system-on-chip simulation framework [11]. Finally, we transformed them into efficient code using a cloud engine [1] and implemented on a user-space emulation framework [61] on a Unix-based SoC. IL is one area of machine learning (ML) and a useful method to train artificial intelligence (AI) models by imitating the decisions of an expert or Oracle that knows the optimal solution. This thesis's primary focus is to adapt an ML model to work on-chip and optimize the resource allocation for a set of domain-specific wireless and radar systems applications. Evaluation results with four streaming applications from wireless communications and radar domains show how the proposed IL-based scheduler approximates an offline Oracle expert with more than 97% accuracy and 1.20× faster execution time. The models have been implemented as an add-on, making it easy to port to other SoCs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Engineering 2020

The adoption of Health Information Systems (HIS) by primary care clinics and practitioners has become a standard in the healthcare industry. This increase in HIS utilization enables the informatization and automation of many paper-based clinical workflows, such as clinical referrals, through systems interoperability. The healthcare industry defines several interoperability standards and mechanisms to support the exchange of data among HIS. For example, the health authorities, Interior Health and Northern Health, created the CDX system to provide interoperability for HIS across British Columbia using SOAP Web Services and HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) interoperability standards. The CDX interoperability allows HIS such as Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems to exchange information with other HIS, such as patients clinical records, clinical notes and laboratory testing results. In addition, to ensure the EMR systems adhere to the CDX specification, these health authorities conduct conformance testing with the EMR vendors to certify the EMR systems. However, conformance testing can only cover a subset of the systems' specifications and a few use cases. Therefore, systems properties that are not closely associated with the systems (i.e. emergent properties) are hard, or even impractical, to assure using only conformance testing. System safety is one of these properties that are particularly significant for EMR systems because it deals with patient safety. A well-known approach for improving systems safety is through hazard analysis. For scenarios where the human factor is an essential part of the system, such as EMR systems, the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is more appropriate than traditional hazard analysis techniques. In this work, we perform a hazard analysis using STPA on the CDX conformance profile in order to evaluate and improve the safety of the CDX system interoperability. In addition, we utilize and customize a tool named FASTEN to support and facilitate the analysis. To conclude, our analysis identified a number of new safety-related constraints and improved a few other already specified constraints. / Graduate

La modélisation mathématique est largement utilisée pour effectuer des recherches sur la modélisation des maladies infectieuses. Combler le fossé entre les modèles conceptuels et leurs simulations est l'un des problèmes de la modélisation. Les langages métiers sont souvent utilisés pour addresser ces problèmes en séparant deux aspects de la modélisation : la spécification (modèles conceptuels) et la simulation (modèles informatiques). Dans cette perspective, nous développons un langage métier, appelé KENDRICK, dédié à la modélisation épidémiologique, couplé avec une plate-forme de simulation. Un autre problème de la modélisation en épidémiologie est le mélange des aspects de domaine qui doivent être séparés. Afin de faciliter l'écriture et l'évolution des modèles, il est crucial de pouvoir définir une préoccupation avec aussi peu de dépendances avec d'autres que possible et de pouvoir les combiner aussi librement que possible. Nous abordons ces défis en proposant un méta-modèle mathématique commun qui peut représenter les modèles ainsi que les préoccupations. Nous définissons ensuite les opérateurs qui permettent de combiner des préoccupations ainsi que de les appliquer dans un modèle. Le langage KENDRICK simplifie donc la programmation des simulations épidémiologiques en décomposant un modèle monolithique hautement-couplé en préoccupations modulaires. Cela rend alors plus facile la construction des modèles complexes de l'épidémiologie où plusieurs préoccupations sont considérées en même temps. / Mathematical and computational models have become widely used and demanded tools for examining mechanisms of transmission, exploring characteristics of epidemics, predicting future courses of an outbreak and evaluating strategies to find a best control-program. One of the problems of modelling is bridging the gap between conceptual models (i.e compartmental models of epidemiology) and their computer simulation (through deterministic, stochastic or agent-based implementation). Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) are often used to address such difficulties by separating two concerns of modelling, specification (conceptual model) and implementation (computational model). In this perspective, we develop a DSL called KENDRICK targeted to the epidemiological modelling and coupled with a simulation platform that allows the study of such models. The other important issue needs to be addressed in the context of epidemiological modelling is the heterogeneities introduced by separate concerns. In order to facilitate the specification of models and their evolution, it is crucial to be able to define concerns with as few dependencies with each other as possible and to combine them as freely as possible. We address such challenges by proposing a common mathematical meta-model that supports both concerns and models and enabling their compositions by some operators. We then implement our proposal language KENDRICK based on this meta-model. The language simplifies the construction of complex epidemiological models by decomposing them into modular concerns, by which common concerns can be reused across models and can be easily changed.

Mathematical optimization has many applications in operations research, image processing, and machine learning, demanding not only computational efficiency but also convenience and correctness in constructing complex models. In this work, we introduce HashedExpression, an open-source algebraic modeling lan- guage (AML) that allows users to express unconstrained, box-constrained, and scalar-expressions-constrained optimization problems, aimed at embeddability, type-safety, and high-performance through symbolic transformation and code generation. Written in Haskell, a statically-typed, purely functional program- ming language, HashedExpression places a great emphasis on modeling correct- ness by providing users with a type-safe, correct-by-construction interface that uses Haskell type-level programming to express constraints on correctness which the compiler uses to flag many modelling errors as type errors (at compile time). We show how type-safety can be added in steps, first matching expressions’ shape and then associated physical units. The library implements symbolic ex- pressions with a hashed indexing scheme to implement common subexpression elimination (CSE). It abstracts away details of the underlying lookup table via monadic type class instances. We explain how using symbolic expressions with CSE enables performance-enhance transformations and automatic computation of derivatives without the issue of “expression swelling”. For high-performance purposes, we generate low-level C/C++ code for symbolic expressions and pro- vide bindings to open-source optimization solvers such as Ipopt or L-BFGS-B. We explain how this architecture lays the groundwork for future work on par- allelization including SIMDization and targetting multi-core CPUs and GPUs, and other hardware acceleration. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

As vehicles become more complex, the work required to ensure that they are safe increases enormously. This in turn results in a much more complicated task of testing systems, subsystems, and components to ensure that they are safe individually as well as when they are integrated. As a result, managing the safety engineering process for vehicle development is of major interest to all automotive manufacturers. The goal of this research is to introduce a tool that provides support for a new framework for modeling safety processes, which can partially address some of these challenges. WorkFlow+ is a framework that was developed to combine both data flow and process flow to increase traceability, enable users to model with the desired granularity safety engineering workflow for their products, and produce assurance cases for regulators and evaluators to be able to validate that the product is safe for the users and the public. With the development of an editor, it will bring WorkFlow+ to life. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

This study is predicated on the belief that there does not now exist, nor will there ever exist, any single theory of learning that is broad enough to account for all types of learning yet specific enough to be maximally useful in practical application. Perhaps this dichotomy is the reason for the apparent gap between existing theories of learning and the practice of instructional design. As an alternative to any supposed grand theory of learning—and following the lead of prominent thinkers in the fields of clinical psychology and language teaching—this study proposes a shift toward principles. It presents a principle-based conceptual framework of learning, and recommends use of the framework as a guide for creating domain-specific theories of learning. The purpose of this study was to review theories of learning in the behavioral, cognitive, constructive, human, and social traditions to identify principles of learning local to those theories that might represent specific instances of more universal principles, fundamentally requisite to the facilitation of learning in general. Many of the ideas reviewed have resulted from, or been supported by, direct empirical evidence. Others have been suggested based on observational or practical experience of the theorist. The ideas come from different points in time, are described from a variety of perspectives, and emphasize different aspects and types of learning; yet there are a number of common themes shared among them regarding the means by which learning occurs. It is hypothesized that such themes represent universal and fundamental principles of learning. These principles were the objective of the present study. They have been sought through careful review and analysis of both theoretical and empirical literature by methods of textual research (Clingan, 2008) and constant comparative analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). By way of textual research a methodological lens was defined to identify general themes, and by way of constant comparative analysis these themes were developed further through the analysis and classification of specific instances of those themes in the texts reviewed. Ten such principles were identified: repetition, time, step size, sequence, contrast, significance, feedback, context, engagement, and agency. These ten facilitative principles were then organized in the context of a comprehensive principles-of-learning framework, which includes the four additional principles of potential, target, change, and practice.

Programming languages traditionally describe computations going one way: a program might compute a hash value from a string, or an encrypted message from a plaintext. However, sometimes it is also of interest to go the other way around: for encryption, we not only want to encrypt messages but also to decrypt them, and to be sure that the decryption correctly reproduces the original message. In an invertible programming language, a single program specifies two directions of a transformation, and the language guarantees that the two correspond as inverses. Invertible languages often require programs to be composed from atomic invertible fragments, a property known as local invertibility. This requirement has connections to applications such as low-energy and quantum computing. However, many invertible algorithms are more naturally expressed as depending unidirectionally on some inputs, e.g., the encryption key—this property is known as partial invertibility. Existing work largely lacks a systematic treatment of partial invertibility, and the connection to the locally invertible paradigm is not yet well-understood. In this thesis, we show that with the right design tradeoff, partial invertibility can be expressed within a locally invertible setting. We present KALPIS, a new functional language supporting expressive partial invertibility, yet maintaining a straightforward locally invertible semantics. This is made formal by a novel arrow combinator language RRARR, with primitives embodying functions, parameterized bijections, and interactions between the two. The formulation is based on recent work on effects in invertible computation, namely the irreversibility effect and the reversible reader. We substantiate the work with a prototype implementation of KALPIS, and demonstrate its utility through a number of nontrivial examples. Further, we give a complete formalization of the two systems, including the operational semantics and type system of KALPIS and a locally invertible interpretation and equational characterization of RRARR. Finally, we give a compositional translation from KALPIS into RRARR, motivating us to call it an arrow metalanguage. Most of the formalization is mechanized using the proof assistant Agda. / Programmeringsspråk beskriver traditionellt beräkningar som går åt ett håll: ett program kan till exempel beräkna ett hash-värde från en sträng eller ett krypterat meddelande från en klartext. Ibland är det dock även av intresse att gå åt andra hållet: vid kryptering vill vi inte bara kryptera meddelanden utan också avkryptera dem, och vara säkra på att avkrypteringen korrekt återskapar det ursprungliga meddelandet. I ett inverterbart programmeringsspråk beskriver ett enskilt program två riktningar av en transformation, och språket garanterar att de två motsvarar varandra som inverser. Inverterbara språk kräver ofta att program konstrueras från enskilt inverterbara komponenter, en egenskap som kallas lokal inverterbarhet. Denna egenskap har kopplingar till tillämpningar som lågenergioch kvantdatorer. Å andra sidan är det ofta naturligt att inverterbara algoritmer beror enkelriktat på vissa indata, till exempel krypteringsnyckeln—något som kallas partiell inverbarhet. Tidigare forskning saknar i stor utsträckning en systematisk behandling av partiell inverterbarhet, och kopplingen till lokal inverterbarhet är ännu inte välförstådd. I denna avhandling visar vi att med rätt designavvägning kan partiell inverterbarhet uttryckas ovanpå en lokalt inverterbar grund. Vi presenterar KALPIS, ett nytt funktionellt språk som stöder uttrycksfull partiell inverterbarhet, samtidigt som det bibehåller en enkel lokalt inverterbar semantik. Detta formaliseras genom ett nytt Arrow-kombinatorspråk RRARR, vars primitiver representerar funktioner, parameteriserade bijektioner och interaktioner mellan de två. Formuleringen baseras på ny forskning om sidoeffekter i inverterbar beräkning, nämligen irreversibilitetseffekten och reversible reader. Vi substantierar arbetet med en prototypimplementation av KALPIS och visar dess användbarhet genom ett antal icketriviala exempel. Dessutom ger vi en komplett formalisering av de två systemen, inklusive operativ semantik och typsystem för KALPIS och en lokalt inverterbar tolkning och ekvationskaraktärisering av RRARR. Slutligen ger vi en kompositionell översättning från KALPIS till RRARR, vilket motiverar oss att kalla det ett Arrow-metaspråk. Det mesta av formaliseringen är mekaniserad med hjälp av bevisassistenten Agda.