Multiple woodwind training is ideal for securing certain types of employment; however, with so many different instruments, performance standards on each are difficult to maintain. Furthermore, for many multiple woodwind players, proficiency on all woodwinds ceases to be a top priority after graduation, even though they continue to market themselves as highly proficient on all of these instruments. The problem for most begins with what it means to be proficient on each instrument. The technical demands of multiple woodwind performance vary widely, but often a performance calls for complete proficiency on a variety of instruments. Multiple woodwind players who lack in professional level proficiency damage the credibility of the field and jeopardize employment opportunities for others. This study aims to address the common problems involving proficiency and to help multiple woodwind players, band directors, and doublers become familiar with and overcome these common pitfalls. Sy Brandon’s Divertissement provides an outstanding platform to address problems and provide solutions for multiple wind players, band directors, and doublers. This dissertation serves as a multiple woodwind specialist’s resource for maximum efficiency in learning and playing repertoire that involves multiple woodwinds, such as musicals, and other multiple woodwind genres.

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<p> Using a Q-spoiled Nd-glass laser, an experimental investigation of frequency doubling in NiSO4•6 H2O was carried out. The frequency doubling was observed to occur at a phase matching angle of 56° ± 1°. Experimentally, it is shown that the fundamental frequency at λ = 1.06 μm is an O-ray while the doubled frequency at λ = .53μm is an E-ray. Since the amplitude for electric dipole frequency doubling in NiSO4•6 H2O is zero, these observations are unusual. The observations are attributed to magnetic dipole and/or electric quadrupole frequency doubling. Evidence to support this view comes from the magnitude of the effect and from its azimuthal dependence. The electric quadrupole type frequency doubling is consistent with the data only if the susceptibility coefficients satisfy the relation QאEE =1/2 (QאEE - QאEE ) 1212 1111 1122 </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Body doubling is a mechanism that lets individuals work alongside someone on a monotonous task that they might not be able to focus on when they work alone. The person they work alongside is called a body double. It could be considered similar to co-working, but it gives individuals the freedom to work on anything that they want without feeling obligated to interact with the other person. This research aims to understand if body doubling is helpful to the users and how mixed reality body doubling can be a better addition to the existing mode of in-person and video-call based body doubling. In this work, we have recruited 40 participants to perform a user study where we have done a between-groups comparative study between a no body-double, in-person body double, a video-call based body double, and a mixed reality body double modes. Through these studies, we try to analyze if body doubling is helpful, and if so, which mode the participants are more inclined towards. The work also presents a few suggestions for future improvements. / Master of Science / Body Doubling, defined here, is in the context of a productivity strategy where a person is present beside an individual when they are working. This way, when the individual is working on a monotonous task, a person beside them would make them motivated to focus again. The person helping in body-doubling is called a ``Body Double''. This uses the concept of accountability that is felt in the presence of someone. Even though it seems similar to widely popular co-working, where job professionals share an office space to work together, in body-doubling, there is no interaction with the body-double, and in most cases, the two individuals might not be working on the same task. This research aims to understand if body doubling is helpful to users. In this work, we have recruited 40 participants to perform a user study where we have done a between-groups comparative study between a no body-double, in-person body double, a video-call based body double, and a mixed reality body double modes. It tries to show how mixed reality body doubling can be a better addition to the existing mode of in-person and video-call based body doubling. Through the user studies, we try to analyze if body doubling is helpful, and if so, which mode are the participants more inclined towards. The work also presents a few suggestions for future improvements.

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Abstract Since economic recession happened globally in 2000, Taiwan has not been able to keep itself out of the financial tsunami. The unemployment rate was increasing gradually, and the economic problem was getting worse. In view of this, the central government led by Democratic Progressive Party at that time proposed ¡§Doubling Tourist Arrivals Plan¡¨ in order to improve the economic situation. The plan had the following merits: (1) Tourist industry itself had high added value. (2) The resource consumption was relatively of low pollution (e.g. less water use, and less garbage, so it was similar to the smokeless industry proposed by scholars in 1970). (3) Tourist industry had great correlation with other industries, and thus could bring about the development of related industries (such as food processing industry, transportation industry, retail business, insurance and financial industry ¡K etc.). It was hoped that the traditional industries which were going to have survival problems could be replaced by tourist industry. The proposed policy embraced the goals and objectives of the best economic and industrial development strategies, which were expected to create high economic growth, solve unemployment problem, and alleviate environmental destruction. At the very beginning the intention for establishment of this plan was quite good. However, the actual effects of the plan were not as sound as expected. The study mainly hopes to understand whether the implementation of the strategies had any obstruction or problems that made the plan unable to be thoroughly implemented and made the problems unsolved: (1) Were the planned objectives and the actual implementation sufficiently and perfectly connected, and were the results of the plan affected? (2) Was the allocation of budget and resources appropriately involved in the plan, and how was the effectiveness of the use of funds? (3) Did the influence caused and the effectiveness derived from the implementation of the plan conform to the expected outcomes, and what was the value or contribution caused to the development of tourist businesses of Taiwan? Therefore, the study mainly hopes to accomplish the purposes and positioning of the above three research items, and find out the critical problems and methods so as to give suggestions and endeavoring direction for the improvement and demand of tourist industry in the next step. Furthermore, the study gives concrete suggestions for the promotion of the employment ability, and for how to meet the need of training of the talents in tourist industry.

Whole genome doubling (WGD) occurs early in tumorigenesis and generates genetically unstable tetraploid cells that fuel tumor development. Cells that undergo WGD (WGD+) must adapt to accommodate their abnormal tetraploid state; however, the nature of these adaptations, and whether they confer vulnerabilities that can subsequently be exploited therapeutically, is unclear. Using sequencing data from ~10,000 primary human cancer samples and essentiality data from ~600 cancer cell lines, we show that WGD gives rise to common genetic traits that are accompanied by unique vulnerabilities. We reveal that WGD+ cells are more dependent on spindle assembly checkpoint signaling, DNA replication factors, and proteasome function than WGD– cells. We also identify KIF18A, which encodes for a mitotic kinesin, as being specifically required for the viability of WGD+ cells. While loss of KIF18A is largely dispensable for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis in WGD– cells, its loss induces dramatic mitotic errors in WGD+ cells, ultimately impairing cell viability. Collectively, our results reveal new strategies to specifically target WGD+ cancer cells while sparing the normal, non-transformed WGD– cells that comprise human tissue.

The spatial frequency doubling illusion (FDI) occurs when the contrast of a low spatial frequency sinusoidal grating is modulated at high temporal frequencies – its apparent spatial frequency increases. Earlier suggestions were that the FDI is generated by a specific class of retinal ganglion cells, which are preferentially lost in the early stages of glaucoma. Based on this linking theory, frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) was developed and several clinical reports confirmed its high efficiency in diagnosing early glaucomatous vision loss. However, this linking theory is not universally accepted and newer suggestions posit that the illusion arises because of temporal frequency related difficulties in temporal phase encoding ability. This thesis psychophysically examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of both the FDI and temporal phase encoding ability with achromatic and equi-luminant (both red-green (RG) and blue-yellow (BY)) gratings at a range of spatiotemporal parameters including those eliciting the FDI. (For complete abstract open document)

Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte nachgewiesen werden, dass bei in vitro kultivierten kaninen dermalen Fibroblasten einer Hunderasse nach einer bestimmte Kultivierungszeit replikative Seneszenz entsteht und dass das replikative Vermögen dieser Zellen in der Zellkultur abhängig vom Alter des Spendertieres ist. Dreißig Beagle aus zwei Versuchstieranstalten wurden als Hautspender genutzt. Diese Tiere wurden in die drei Altersgruppen jung, adult und alt unterteilt. Mit Hilfe einer Hautstanze wurde bei allen Tieren im Bereich der rechten Skapula ein Hautstück gewonnen. Diese Hautstücken wurden in Zellkulturflaschen verbracht. Die aus diesem Explantat auswandernden Zellen stellten die Grundlage für die Primärkultur dar. Die Zellen wurden in regelmäßigen Abständen subkultiviert. Dabei wurden immer die Gesamtzellzahl und die Vitalität der Kulturen bestimmt. Diese Werte bildeten die Grundlage für die Berechnung der Parameter des replikativen Vermögens der Zellen. Auf Grundlage der erstellten Wachstumskurven konnte die Generationszeit der Zellen berechnet werden. Parallel zur Kultivierung der Zellen erfolgte die morphologische Betrachtung der Zellen mit Hilfe eines Phasenkontrastmikroskops und histologischen Färbungen, die unter dem Lichtmikroskop näher beurteilt wurden. / This thesis aims to demonstrate that, after a certain period of time, replicative senescence develops in canine dermal fibroblasts of a certain dog breed when cultured in vitro. It is also shown that the replicative capacity of these cells is related to the age of the donor animal. Thirty Beagles from two experimental facilities were used as skin donors. The animals were divided in three age groups: young, adult and old. Skin samples from the right scapula were taken from all animals by means of a punch biopsy and transferred to cell culture vessels. The primary culture was based on the cells emigrating from these explants. The cells were subcultured at regular intervals, at which the total number of cells and the vitality of the cultures were also determined. Based on these parameters, the replicative capacity of the cells was calculated and growth curves were created, which were then used to calculate the generation times of the cells. Parallel to cultivation, the cells underwent morphological dissection using a phase contrast microscope on the one hand and a light-optical microscope with histological staining on the other hand.

The spatial frequency doubling illusion (FDI) occurs when the contrast of a low spatial frequency sinusoidal grating is modulated at high temporal frequencies – its apparent spatial frequency increases. Earlier suggestions were that the FDI is generated by a specific class of retinal ganglion cells, which are preferentially lost in the early stages of glaucoma. Based on this linking theory, frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) was developed and several clinical reports confirmed its high efficiency in diagnosing early glaucomatous vision loss. However, this linking theory is not universally accepted and newer suggestions posit that the illusion arises because of temporal frequency related difficulties in temporal phase encoding ability. This thesis psychophysically examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of both the FDI and temporal phase encoding ability with achromatic and equi-luminant (both red-green (RG) and blue-yellow (BY)) gratings at a range of spatiotemporal parameters including those eliciting the FDI. (For complete abstract open document)