Abstract Water is the essential resource of people for their livelihood and is the foundation for the economy to develop unceasingly. Based on the trend of economic growth, population growth, and the improvement of the quality of life, the demand for water is expected to continuously increase. When the demand for water resources is continuing to increase, burdens are added to the environment and ecology. The severe challenge for human beings is how to promote the sustainable development of economy, society, an ecological environment, and to achieve sustainable use of water resources. The Penghu Island has endured water scarcity for a long time. The government also takes great pains over the water resource problem. The purpose of this study is to establish indicators of a framework for the sustainable development of water resources in Penghu County. This can be used to construct a model of the system dynamics to conduct simulations of various scenarios. After that, we can understand the current situation and problems of the subject of water resources and sustainable development in Penghu County to provide suggestions for the government to make decisions. First, literature should be collected that relates to the indicators of a sustainable development system of water resources, adopting the D-S-R (Driving forces-State-Response¡^indicator framework proposed by the United Nations. We should draw up a water resource sustainable development indicators system which suits the characteristic of the native environment in Penghu County initially, estimating by using Delphi and AHP. Moreover, we will construct a model of the system dynamics and proceed to do the simulation of scenarios. There are 43 indicators in this study which built up the D-S-R water resources sustainable development indicator framework in Penghu County. They belong to 8 different assessment categories, which include watershed conservation and management, groundwater conservation and management, diverse use and development of water resources, allocation and management of water resources, drought and flood mitigation, promotion of water conservation measures, technology research and develop of water resources, personnel training and education about cherishing water resources. Among them, there are 14 driving force indicators, 14 state indicators, and 15 response indicators. According to the dynamic system model constructed in this research, the continuous increase of the population and number of tourists represent the social and economic development of the driving force aspect. When the groundwater is overdrawn, this causes the seawater to invade and it becomes salty. The State aspect is and the people's health and welfare. In the Response aspect, there are 4 strategies regarding the management scenarios, including the control of overdrawn groundwater, building a seawater desalination factory, rational water price adjustment, and the promotion of water conservation measures are drafted. According to the simulation and scenarios, some results were found, such as the rational water price adjustment and promotion of water conservation measures have a limited effect upon slowing down the groundwater overdraw because of the severe water resource shortage in Penghu County. The control of overdrawn groundwater can appropriately decelerate the groundwater being drawn excessively, but can't retard the rise in demand for water. Building a seawater desalination factory can satisfy the continuous rise in demand for water, and have the greatest effect on decelerating the aggravation of the water resource ecology and the quality of the water environment. The strategy of improving the shortage of water resources usually can be executed from two directions: water resources development and economization. This study found that the key points to overcome in order to achieve the sustainable development of water resources in Penghu County are mainly: the destruction of the ecological environment because of deep groundwater overdraw, and the negative influence of setting up a seawater desalination factory on marine ecology resources. The relation is very clear that deep groundwater overdraw causes seawater invasion and the result is salty water. But it's not clear whether the waste water produced from the seawater desalination factory will effect the rich marine resources of Penghu County. The residents, mainly fishermen, still have doubts about building a seawater desalination factory. There should be more thorough analysis and research.

The purpose of the following essay has been to identify four men’s momentums of their volunteer access to treatment for their disruptive gender-based violence. The questions that have been asked in the entrance of this field have been divided into the following questions: (i) is it possible to identify the processes of change that leads to turning points into the interviewed men's treatment of violence, (ii) how do the interviewed men, themselves, reflect on their turning points into treatment, and (iii) are there other, implicit, interpretations and analyzes of men's access into treatment that I can discern in their stories? As a point of departure of the analysis one theoretical perspective has been used to explain and analyze men’s access to treatment, the sociological life course perspective, focusing on the concept of turning points. The method to approach this field has been qualitative interviews with a life story oriented approach which means that, focus has been to let the four interviewed men describe their lives from early childhood to their adulthood and from their histories identify contingent processes to their access of treatment. The study resulted in a division of two parts, one part consisting the processes that have been identified by the men’s stories of present tense of violent outbursts. The second part consists of men’s own stories and interpretations of the processes that contributed to their access to treatment where I imposed that, the men were in treatment when the interviews were conducted. In the first part, I discovered that the insight of a problematic behavior has occurred when another group of actors have become involved in a specific dispute arising or that the women in the relationship left them. A common expression of events seemed to be fear in different arenas; the fear of losing their partner or the fear of being alone, fear of that other people's views upon them would change, or that they would not be socially accepted. In the second part, it is consistently that the men problematizes blame and shame that they have suffered but this with the discursive understanding of the attributes of a man who batter, as they themselves, are internalized by the process of treatment that they undergo. The result of both parts was that the men seemed to need processes of opportunities for a win to avoid losses in their access to treatment. It took a win for the men, or at least that they have avoided any losses to come to the realization that there are opportunities and possibilities for them. The processes for men’s access to treatment that have been found have been a balance between risk and loss and the chance of possible gains and either the risk or chance can be ruled out.

The aim of the present study is to explain what where the driving forces behind the development of antisubmarine warfare skill on Swedish sea operational helicopters during the time 1980-92. The study is done by using two different perspective, based on Graham Allison scientific explanation models found in his book Essence of Decision. In the study the perspectives are named “rational actor” and “governmental politics”. The purpose is to investigate if respective model can explain the development of antisubmarine warfare skill on Swedish helicopters during the previously mentioned timeframe. The result of the study is that by using the rational actor perspective the development of anti submarine warfare can be explained in a large extent. The study proves that there were a well-defined threat and that consensus was that this threat would be met i.e. with anti submarine warfare resources. It cannot be demonstrated that the helicopter and the development of its anti submarine warfare capability was the single most suitable option. By using the model governmental politics, the development is not significantly explained because no internal differences of large extent have been demonstrated. The model contributes rather to illuminate the actors and factors that shaped their actions. If the models are used as complement to each other a wider perspective of what has happened is shown, but the explanation is not strengthened. / Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera de drivkrafter som låg bakom utvecklingen av den svenska ubåtsjaktförmågan på sjöoperativ helikopter under tidsperioden 1980-92. Studien genomförs med hjälp av två perspektiv vilka är baserade på Graham Allisons samhällsvetenskapliga modeller, och dennes bok Essence of Decision. I arbetet benämns perspektiven rationell aktörsmodell respektive maktspelsmodell. Ambitionen är att undersöka om respektive modell kan förklara utvecklingen av ubåtsjaktförmågan på sjöoperativ helikopter under nämnda period. Resultatet av studien är att med hjälp av den rationella aktörsmodellen kan bakomliggande drivkrafter till utvecklingen av ubåtsjaktförmågan i stor utsträckning påvisas. Studien påvisar att det fanns ett väl definierat hot samt att enighet rådde att detta hot skulle bemötas, d.v.s. med ubåtsjaktresurser. Dock kan inte påvisas att helikopter och utvecklingen av dess ubåtsjaktförmåga var det enskilt lämpligaste alternativet. Med hjälp av maktspelsmodellen kan orsakerna till utvecklingen inte nämnvärt förklaras eftersom inget maktspel av större omfattning har påvisats. Den senare modellen bidrar snarare till att belysa aktörer och faktorer som formade deras agerande. Nyttjar man modellerna som komplement till varandra ges en bredare bild av skeendet men förklaringen av bakomliggande faktorer stärks inte.

Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i antagandet att det svenska luftvärnet under 2000- talet har haft en begränsad utveckling och att truppslaget inte har följt den internationella trenden med mer högpresterande system. Syftet med uppsatsen är att försöka förklara vad som har drivit det svenska luftvärnets utveckling och vilka faktorer som lett till att luftvärnet idag ser ut som det gör. Graham Allison klassiska verk Essence of Decision har utgjort den teoretiska referensramen som legat till grund för undersökningen. Luftvärnets utveckling har studerats utifrån perspektiven om Rationellt beslutsfattande och Maktutövat beslutsfattande. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att Allisons teorier är gynnsamma för att studera drivkrafter och förklara luftvärnets utveckling. Det maktutövade beslutsfattandet kan till stor del klargöra utvecklingen men har visat sig sakna fullständig förklaringskraft. Perspektivet kan därför med fördel nyttjas för att ge en alternativ bild av utvecklingen men inte ensamt förklara drivkrafterna bakom. Det rationella beslutsfattandet är det som av denna uppsats deklareras ha bäst förklaringskraft. Försvarsmaktens begränsade förmåga att driva utvecklingen av luftvärnet framåt antas ha berott på förändrade målsättningar som skett till följd av skiftande fokus på nationella och internationella insatser. Tilldelning av resurser har stundtals varit knapphändig men har i stora drag följt de övergripande målsättningar Försvarsmakten haft med luftvärnet. / The thesis is based on the assumption that the Swedish Ground Based Air Defense (GBAD) in the 21st century has had a limited development and has not followed the international trend of higher performance systems. The purpose of this thesis is to explain what has propelled the GBAD development and to study the underlying factors that have shaped today´s GBAD. Graham Allison classical work Essence of Decision has provided the theoretical framework that formed the basis for the study. The development of GBAD has been studied from the perspective of Rational Actor model and the Governmental Politics model. The result of the survey shows that Allison's theories are favorable for studying the driving forces and explain GBAD development. The Governmental Politics model almost provides a sufficient explanation but does not provide a comprehensive explanation. The perspective can be beneficially used to give an alternative approach of the development but not alone explain the underlying factors. The Rational Actor model offers the best explanatory power. The Swedish Armed Forces' limited ability to develop GBAD is assumed to have been a result of the changing objectives, which occurred due to an altering focus of national and international missions. Allocation of resources has, at times, been inadequate but has broadly followed the overall objectives the Armed Forces had had with GBAD.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3911.pdf: 10639147 bytes, checksum: 230fde9ada685b4189426c44c2d4bbd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-11 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / xuberant landscape, identities that are at the mercy of the historical indifference and of the hegemonic economy of the agribusiness that advances over the so‐called empty spaces are hidden. In these different environments, a rich cultural mosaic of interacting identities, that many times, are invisible or barely known coexist. With this pseudo‐invisibility, many social groups are not being attended in the elaboration of public policies. An example of this can be noticed in the policies that aim at the territorial management of the State, such as the Ecological Socioeconomic Zoning Project of Mato Grosso that did not support the different social groups that form the mato‐grossense landscape. In the attempt to overcome this fragility and give visibility to this beautiful cultural mosaic, we started in 2008, a daring proposal of building the Mapping of identities and territories of the State of MT , proposed and carried out by the leadership of the Research Group in Environmental Education, Communication and Arts (GPEA) of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) with the important contribution of several partners. Enrolled in this project, we assumed the commitment of performing the mapping of the social groups of MT, with the aim of identifying and registering the identities of resistance. Based on the triad inhabitants-habits-habitats, we sought to understand the identity of the mapped social groups, their different rationalities and ways of life that limit the characteristics of their territories in an intrinsic relationship between culture and nature. Besides, we seek to understand how the identities of these groups are constructed, destroyed and re‐constructed due to the alterations in the habitats. In this trajectory, we elaborated a methodology called Social Map that used the narratives of the representatives of several social groups, aiming at understanding the essence of the identities that build different meanings and act in the different mato‐grossense biomes. Two seminars of Social Mapping with more than 500 participants from 54 municipalities; were held in 2008 and 2010. There were more than 70 Indigenous representatives of 19 ethnicities, of Maroon communities, pantaneiro peoples, families who were camping, settlers, family farmers, rubber‐tappers, extractivist workers, gypsy communities, affected by dams, people from Araguaia, Morroquian communities, among others. In an ethnographic approach field researches were also carried out. In this becoming of several groups and movements we expose the existence of old and new social protagonists, totalizing 52 social groups /communities/movements that added to 47 Indigenous ethnicities that resulted in a prognostic of 99 mapped identities. In the search for finding space for them, a map of the social groups was made, an important result of this thesis. In this map the identities built in traditional dimensions; of the place of culture and habitat; of labor, work and production; of the driving forces and development; and, of the choices and philosophies of life were shown and circumscribed in the territories. The expectation is that with information provided by this research, there will be subsidies for articulations, partnerships and alliances so that the social groups can be strengthened in their struggle for the protection of the State s ecosystems and be attended by the public policies. The environmental education comes hand in hand in this circle allied to the valuing of culture, in the daring idea of reconstructing the sustainable societies that re‐signify values such as environmental justice, belonging and democracy. There are loose dots and lines, but there is also, a territory of hopes that transcends this tyrant time, rescuing the weavings of the collective dreams. / O Estado de Mato Grosso‐Brasil localizado no centro da América do Sul possui uma rica diversidade ecológica distribuídas nos domínios da Amazônia, Cerrado e Pantanal. Na paisagem exuberante, escondem‐se identidades que estão à mercê do descaso histórico e da economia hegemônica do agronegócio que avançam sobre os ditos espaços vazios . Nesses ambientes diversos, coexiste um rico mosaico cultural de identidades interatuantes, que muitas vezes, estão invisibilizadas ou pouco conhecidas. Com esta pseudo‐invisibilidade, muitos grupos sociais não estão sendo contemplados na elaboração de políticas públicas. Um exemplo disso pode ser percebido nas políticas que visam o ordenamento territorial do Estado, como o projeto de Zoneamento Socioeconômico Ecológico de Mato Grosso que não contemplou os diferentes grupos sociais que compõem a paisagem mato‐grossense. Na tentativa de superar tal fragilidade e dar visibilidade a este belo mosaico cultural, iniciamos em 2008, uma ousada proposta de construir o Mapeamento das identidades e territórios do Estado de Mato Grosso , proposto e concretizado pela liderança do Grupo Pesquisador em Educação Ambiental, Comunicação e Arte (GPEA) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) com a importante contribuição de diversos parceiros. Inscritos neste projeto, assumimos o compromisso de realizar o mapeamento dos grupos sociais do Estado, com objetivo de identificar e registrar as identidades de resistências. Ancorados na tríade habitantes-hábitos-habitats, buscamos compreender as identidades dos grupos sociais mapeados, suas diferentes racionalidades e modos de vida que demarcam as características de seus territórios ‐ numa relação intrínseca entre a cultura e a natureza. Além disso, procuramos compreender como as identidades destes grupos se constroem, se destroem e re‐constroem frente às alterações dos habitats. Neste percurso, elaboramos uma metodologia denominada Mapa Social, que contou com as narrativas dos representantes de vários grupos sociais, visando, compreender a essência das identidades que constroem diferentes significados e atuam nos diversos biomas mato‐grossenses. Foram realizados dois Seminários de Mapeamento Social, em 2008 e 2010, que somados contou com mais de 500 participantes vindos de 54 municípios; sendo mais de 70 representantes indígenas de 19 etnias, de comunidades quilombolas, povos pantaneiros, acampados, assentados, agricultores familiares, seringueiros, extrativistas, povos ciganos, atingidos por barragem, retireiros do Araguaia, povos morroquianos, entre outros. Como também, em uma abordagem de cunho etnográfico foram realizadas pesquisas de campo. Neste vir‐a‐ser de vários grupos e movimentos trazemos a cena a existência de antigos e novos protagonistas sociais, ao total registramos 52 grupos sociais/comunidades/movimentos que somados a 47 etnias indígenas totalizaram um prognóstico de 99 identidades mapeadas. Na busca de espacializá‐los foi elaborado o mapa dos grupos sociais, resultado importante desta tese. Neste mapa as identidades construídas nas dimensões da tradição; do local da cultura e habitat; do labor, trabalho e produção; das driving forces e desenvolvimento; e, das escolhas e filosofias de vida foram evidenciadas e circunscritas nos territórios. A expectativa é que com apropriação das informações proporcionadas por esta pesquisa nasçam subsídios para articulamentos, parcerias e alianças para que os grupos sociais sejam fortalecidos na luta pela proteção dos ecossistemas do Estado e possam ser contemplados nas políticas públicas. A educação ambiental vem de mãos dadas nesta ciranda, aliada à valorização da cultura, na ousadia da reconstrução de sociedades sustentáveis, que resignifique valores como justiça ambiental, pertencimento e democracia. Há pontos e linhas frouxas, mas há, também, um território de esperanças que transcende este tempo tirano, resgatando as tessituras dos sonhos coletivos.

Uppsatsens syfte är att utforska och belysa fenomenet att slöjda. Det görs genom textanalys av slöjdare och deras drivkrafter till att slöjda. Med hjälp av textanalys av utvalda texter i tidskriften Hemslöjd år 2015 besvaras frågorna: vilka personer skildras i texterna i tidskriften Hemslöjd, samt vilka drivkrafter till att slöjda synliggörs i tidskriften Hemslöjd? Undersökta texter ur tidskriften Hemslöjd skildrar slöjdande personer alltifrån hobbyslöjdare och studenter till yrkesverksamma slöjdare. De kommer från olika delar av världen även om de flesta slöjdar/verkar i Sverige. Sex huvudteman som drivkrafter till att slöjda har identifierats: välmående, självklart att göra egna föremål, nyfikenhet och vilja att förstå, bevara kunskap, att uttrycka sin idé, samt globalt ansvar/miljöengagemang. Välmående samt att bevara kunskap förekommer mest frekvent som drivkraft till att slöjda hos dem som skildras i Hemslöjds texter. Globalt ansvar – miljöengagemang, vilken identifierats som en drivkraft till att slöjda förekommer ej som drivkraft till slöjande i tidigare forskning inom området. Analysen ger exempel på människor som slöjdar för att stå upp för sitt engagemang för miljön genom vad de väljer att göra i vardagen, exempelvis slöjda sitt barns sittvagn. Detta tolkas i uppsatsen som att de skapar sig en meningsfull tillvaro genom hur de agerar, genom att slöjda. Analysen visar vidare på tidskriften Hemslöjd som mediaaktör i samhället och hur tidskriften skriver fram varför människor slöjdar genom att journalister skriver texter där tidskriftens inriktning synliggörs. Detta görs dels genom vilka slöjdande personer som presenteras, samt hur texterna och innehållet utformas baserat på det som analysen identifierat som tidskriftens inriktning. Analysresultaten av vilka som skildras i Hemslöjds texter samt de identifierade teman/drivkrafter till att slöjda hos de som skildras, tolkas i uppsatsen som följer: Tidskriften Hemslöjd vill genom sina texter förmedla att människan har förmågan att för hand tillverka föremål. Tidskriften vill främja och sprida slöjdkunskaper i samhället. Att slöjdande bidrar till människors välmående, stärker dem som människor och deras självkänsla. Genom vilka personer som skildras i texterna visar tidskriften Hemslöjd fram att slöjdande inte avgränsas av nationsgränser, utan är internationellt och knyter samman människor runt hela jorden. Vidare att förmågan att slöjda är en grundläggande mänsklig förmåga och praktisk kunskap värd att spridas. Uppsatsen tolkar vidare analysresultaten som att tidskriften förmedlar att förmågan att slöjda skapar mening och välmående hos människan. Att bevara slöjdkunskaper som riskerar försvinna när äldre generationer går ur tiden, synliggörs i analysen som en viktig drivkraft till att slöjda. Det är en drivkraft till att slöjda världen över vilket synliggörs genom tidskriften Hemslöjds texter. Tidskiften verkar för, lyfter fram och stärker praktisk kunskap, slöjdkunskap, som traditionellt har värderats lägre i samhället än teoretisk kunskap.

This diploma thesis is an analysis of the influence of specific socio-political changes to the landscape and agriculture in Czechia. The chosen socio-political changes are the beginning of communist regime in 1948 and the transformation of the whole society after the end of communist regime in 1989. The main idea used in this thesis was the concept of driving forces and the other used concepts were social capital, agricultural diversification and intensification and extensification of the landscape. Detailed presentation of the influence of specific socio- political changes in agriculture and landscape was made by a case study in administrative region Tábor. The used concepts were described In the opening part as well as the main stages of development of agriculture and landscape in Czechia and in the model area. The main method used in the case study were semi-structured interviews with farmers, who were active in agriculture before 1948 and in the time of the research. According to the results of the research the influence of institutional driving forces significantly increased in comparison to the period before 1948. The results also showed to important role of non-productive functions of current agriculture. . Keywords: landscape, agriculture, driving forces, land use, intensification and...

Date: 2021-05-25 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 credits Institution: Linnaeus University Authors: Linnéa Hamrin - 970430 Nora Bengtsson – 960709 Tutor: Jasmina Beharic Keywords: Gender equality work, norms, group norms, driving forces, personal connection, custom communication, male engagement Titel: The light is now directed at the men who work with gender equality - How do they act and what are they driven by? Research Questions: - How do men who work with gender equality act, within organizations that work to promote the gender equality development within the society?- What are the driving forces behind their actions? Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to increase knowledge about how men who work with gender equality, within organizations that work to promote the gender equality development within the society, act to influence gender equality development and to create an understanding of the underlying driving forces of their actions. This is to contribute to the knowledge about how men, who does not act accoringly to the existing masculine norms, work with gender equality which can increase the understanding of gender equality development. Method: This is a qualitative study that uses inductive approach. Four semi- structured interviews have been implemented with four different respondents. The empirical data was then analyzed through a thematic analyzis.Through the coding, themes were detected which then generated the theoretical material. Conclusions: The result of the study showed that the men worked a lot through adapting their communication to the target group which enabled a connection inbetween the men and the target group. Relationship building was presented as essential to their work and two important factors in order to build relationships was positive influense and identification. The underlying driving forces were at first proved to be integrated and identified extrinsic motivation. To maintain the work with gender equality the ability to help others, confirmation, experienced context, and self-determination were the driving forces that identified. / Datum: 2021-05-25 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi, 15 HP Institution: Linnéuniversitetet Författare: Linnéa Hamrin - 970430 Nora Bengtsson – 960709 Handledare: Jasmina Beharic Nyckelord: Jämställdhetsarbete, normer, gruppnormer, drivkrafter, personlig anknytning, anpassad kommunikation, manligt engagemang Titel: Nu riktas lampan mot män som arbetar med jämställdhet - Hur agerar de och vad drivs de av? Forskningsfrågor: - Hur agerar män som arbetar med jämställdhet, inom organisationer som arbetar för att främja jämställdhetsutvecklingen i samhället?- Vad finns det för drivkrafter bakom deras agerande? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att öka kunskapen kring hur män som arbetar med jämställdhet, i organisationer som arbetar för att främja jämställdhetsutvecklingen i samhället, agerar för att påverka jämställdhetsutvecklingen samt skapa en förståelse kring de bakomliggande drivkrafterna för deras agerande. Det för att bidra med kunskap gällande hur män, som inte agerar enhetligt med den existerande mansnormen, arbetar med jämställdhet vilket kan öka förståelsen kring jämställdhetsutvecklingen. Metod: Det här är en kvalitativ studie som använder induktiv metod. Fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra respondenter. Empirisk data analyserades därefter genom den tematiska analysmetoden. Genom kodningen upptäcktes teman som låg till grund för det teoretiska materialet. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att männen arbetade mycket genom att anpassa sin kommunikation efter målgrupp vilket möjliggjorde för en anknytning mellan männen och målgruppen. I arbetet framstod relationsbyggande som essentiellt och två viktiga faktorer i syfte att bygga relationer var positivt inflytande och identifiering. De bakomliggande drivkrafterna visade sig till en början vara integrerad och identifierad extern motivation. För att upprätthålla arbetet med jämställdhet var förmågan att hjälpa andra, bekräftelse, upplevt sammanhang och självbestämmande de drivkrafter som identifierades.

The rapid changes in the global economy have imposed high pressure on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their operations. Many SMEs have realized how important it is to integrate all units in the business by introducing Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP systems).    The adoption decision phase in ERP systems is an early phase and is often confused with implementation, which is a major cause of failure. This confusion can especially hit hard on small and medium-sized companies that may lack sufficient resources. The adoption decision phase can be particularly crucial in such case. The purpose of this study is to investigate which driving forces that influence the adoption decision phase of ERP systems within SMEs. The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theoretical framework was used to create a theoretical foundation for finding drivers from previous research.   Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with six ERP consultants. Respondents' responses were analyzed thematically, and 12 themes were identified as driving forces. These could then be compared with previous research. The driving forces identified were management and decision makers, benefits and efficiency, functionality, regulations and security, competition and the future, industry type and complexity, education and competence, finance and resources, supplier and solutions, integration with existing systems, maintenance and support, and challenges and uncertainty. The driving forces that were identified but could not be linked to previous research were functionality, and challenges and uncertainty.   Keywords: Adoption decision, driving forces, Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP system), small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE).

Titel: Gemensamt värdeskapande i praktiken Författare: Lydia Frykman och Johanna Wennerström Handledare: Rasmus Nyqvist Bakgrund: I dagens samhälle är utmaningarna inom hållbarhet högst väsentliga, till följd av att företag inte tar sitt fulla ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala samhällsansvar. CSV har som ett resultat av detta blivit alltmer uppmärksammat då konceptet belyser företagens roll i att driva hållbarhetsutvecklingen framåt. Det saknas däremot empiriskt underlag som visar hur företag kan arbeta för att uppnå gemensamt värdeskapande i praktiken, samt hur den komplexa avvägningen mellan företagsnytta och samhällsnytta ska gå till. Därför undersöker denna kvalitativa studie värdeskapande aktiviteter samt avvägningen mellan företagsnytta och samhällsnytta. Syfte: Syftet är att bidra med en ökad förståelse för de aktiviteter som skapar gemensamt värde, vad som krävs för att företagen ska motiveras till dessa aktiviteter samt för hur företag hanterar den komplexa avvägningen mellan företagsnytta och samhällsnytta. Metod: Denna kvalitativa studie utgår från ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv, har en tvärsnittsdesign och en abduktiv forskningsansats. Det empiriska underlaget samlades in genom två studier, som bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer med företagsrespondenter och experter inom ämnet. Slutsats: Resultaten från studien tyder på att företagen utövar CSV-aktiviteter i olika utsträckning, men att en stor utmaning är att identifiera när det är ekonomiskt rationellt att uppnå ett gemensamt värde. Vidare har studien klargjort att det finns flera drivkrafter till att uppnå gemensamt värdeskapande. Däremot behöver dagens lagkrav ytterligare förtydligande och förbättring, för att företagen ska agera mer osjälviskt. Studien lyfter avvägningen mellan företagsnytta och samhällsnytta och det framgår att det är denna del som är mest väsentlig i diskussionen om hur företag kan uppnå gemensamt värdeskapande. Slutligen har företagens utvecklingsriktning visat att det har adderats en intention om att göra gott för samhället, men faktumet att den ekonomiska faktorn väger tyngst kvarstår. / Title: Creating Shared Value In PracticeAuthors: Lydia Frykman and Johanna Wennerström Supervisor: Rasmus Nyqvist Background: In today's society, the challenges connected to sustainability are highly significant, as a result of companies not fully taking their economic, environmental and social responsibility. As a result, CSV has received increased attention as the concept highlights companies’ role in driving sustainability forward. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence showing how companies can work to achieve shared value in practice, as well as displaying how the complex trade-off between economic and social value creation should be handled. Therefore, this qualitative study examines value- creating activities and the trade-off between economic and social value creation. Purpose: The aim of the study is to contribute to an increased understanding of the activities that create shared value, what it is that motivates the companies to these activities and for how companies manage the complex trade-off between economic and social value creation. Methodology: This qualitative study is from a hermeneutic perspective, has a cross- sectional study design and an abductive research approach. The empirical evidence was collected through two studies, which consisted of semi-structured interviews with respondents from practice and experts within the field. Conclusion: The results of the study displays that companies practice CSV activities, however it ́s explained that it's hard to determine when it's economically rational to achieve shared value and not. Additionally, the study has clarified several driving forces to achieve shared value. Although, it ́s declared that today's legal regulations need further clarification, in order for companies to act more selflessly. Furthermore, the study highlights the trade-off between economic and social value creation and it appears from the results that this ́s the most essential part in the discussion of how companies can achieve shared value. Finally, the companies’ development has shown that an intention to do good for the society has been added, however, the fact that the economic aspect weighs the most still remains.