Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

by Chung Yee-ha, Ida. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-326). / Abstract and questionnaire also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract (English version) --- p.ii-iii / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1-9 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Addiction Profile in Hong Kong --- p.10-28 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Literature Review --- p.29-94 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Research Questions and Hypotheses --- p.95-104 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Methodology --- p.105-119 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Results --- p.120-185 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Discussion --- p.186-238 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Summary and Conclusions --- p.239-250 / Appendix A: A Summary of the Local Studies on Adolescent Drug Abuse 251 - --- p.268 / Appendix B: Questionnaire (Chinese version) --- p.269-289 / Appendix C: Revised Reasons Scale (Chinese version) --- p.290-292 / Appendix D: Questionnaire (English version) --- p.293-310 / Appendix E: Revised Reasons Scale (English version) --- p.311-312 / References --- p.313-326

Ho-Yee Ng. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 597-642). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Graphic images of meth addicts have swept across Montana in television, radio and print ads as part of the state's latest anti-drug campaign, the Montana Meth Project. From a labeling perspective, the negative portrayal of meth addicts in these ads has significant implications for meth addicts in terms of their reintegration. The unintended population of drug addicts potentially affected by public service campaigns has failed to gain attention in the literature despite the implications suggested by labeling theory. This poses a significant gap in our knowledge and understanding, which this study addresses through the voice of recovering meth addicts. This study explored the significance of the campaign with regard to the worldview of recovering meth addicts and the implications of this worldview with regard to their reintegration. In particular, the study examined 1) addict perceptions of the campaign's impact on community 2) addict perceptions of the campaign's personal impact 3) addict perceptions of the significance of social bonds 4) the implications of these perspectives from the theoretical standpoint of Labeling and Social Bond theory. In-depth interviews were conducted among a sample of twenty recovering meth addicts at a treatment facility in Grenadier, Montana as well as one active meth user. This form of data collection was chosen due to the exploratory nature of the study as well the significance of perception suggested by the Symbolic-Interaction perspective (Cooley 1902). The study revealed that the Montana Meth Project does have a significant impact on the worldview of the participants. When the participants believe the campaign has a positive impact on the community - creating awareness, understanding and acceptance - the campaign is viewed as a tool in their reintegration. However, as the bulk of the findings suggest, when the participants believe the campaign has a negative impact - stereotypes, labeling, stigmatization and differential treatment - the campaign is viewed as a barrier to their reintegration. With such a negative reaction in the worldview of the participants, the mainstream world including family, friends and the community did not appear to be at the forefront of their reintegration. Rather, a subculture of recovering addicts acts as the source of positive social bonds and the most significant in the reintegration of the participants. The findings of this study demonstrate the impact anti- drug campaigns, and particularly scare campaigns using a public service approach, can have on the unintended audience of drug addicts.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Existem no Brasil aproximadamente 370 mil usuários de cocaína fumada nas capitais nacionais e há cerca de dez anos o uso de crack e/ou cocaína atinge quatro em cada dez adolescentes brasileiros em situação de rua, gerando diversas consequências individuais, familiares e sociais, que fazem deste fenômeno um grave problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo foi realizado em três momentos que se consubstanciaram em um capítulo de livro, um artigo de revisão e um artigo empírico. O capítulo teve como objetivo a contextualização do panorama epidemiológico do consumo de drogas na sociedade brasileira, perpassando por uma caracterização geral do termo e suas especificidades, assim como uma reflexão acerca desse fenômeno à luz da Teoria Social Cognitiva. Discute-se que a noção de reciprocidade triádica que perpassa toda a concepção sociocognitivista, vem contribuindo para uma leitura dinâmica e sistêmica do consumo de drogas, que avança para além de uma compreensão puramente individual, seja biológica ou comportamental. O artigo de revisão de literatura foi sobre o Modelo Transteórico de Mudança (MTT) e o suporte familiar no cuidado ao usuário de crack, auxiliando na discussão sobre as estratégias para o lidar com dependência química. Neste foram analisados trabalhos que discorrem sobre as contribuições do Modelo Transteórico de Mudança no tratamento do comportamento adicto e a importância do entendimento sobre os estágios motivacionais e processos de mudança pelo usuário, família e equipe técnica, exigindo a atenção dos profissionais quanto ao entendimento e tratamento dos comportamentos de risco, demandando por sua vez a reformulação de estratégias de tratamento e cuidado para usuários que se encontram em qualquer estágio. O artigo empírico que se seguiu à revisão, abordou o tema central da dissertação e objetivou investigar a influência da percepção do suporte familiar, da crença de autoeficácia e do estágio motivacional do usuário de crack na adesão ao cuidado oferecido no Programa ATITUDE. Foi um estudo misto que primeiramente investigou 60 usuários de ambos os sexos que estavam acolhidos nas modalidades de assistência: apoio e intensivo. Na segunda fase foram entrevistados cinco participantes de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF); Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (AEGP); University of Rhode Island Change Assesment Scale Escala URICA e entrevista semi-estruturada. Pela extração do alpha de Chronbach foram obtidos indicadores insatisfatórios de consistência interna das escalas AEGP e URICA, e elevados para o IPSF. A discussão perpassa pelo perfil singular da amostra, já que muitos dos usuários vivem na rua, com uma multiplicidade de carências de cuidados básicos e que, mesmo apresentando algum nível de escolarização, podem ter experienciado algum nível de incompreensão no sentido do que demandava a atividade em cinco alternativas de escolha, tendendo a se posicionar com certa facilidade quando a temática foi mais concreta, como no caso da família, tendo também essa escala um número de alternativas de escolha menor que as demais. Talvez um quantitativo maior de usuários pudesse diluir essas inconsistências encontradas nas duas primeiras escalas. Por fim, as entrevistas permitiram evidenciar a importância dos vínculos familiares para uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno do uso do crack em sua multiplicidade questionando e propondo um olhar ampliado sobre a família, como importante fonte de apoio aos usuários na continuidade de seu cuidado. / There are approximately 370 thousand users of cocaine smoked in Brazil in the national capitals, and for the last ten years the use of crack and / or cocaine has reached four out of every ten Brazilian adolescents in the street, generating a number of individual, family and social consequences. Of this phenomenon is a serious public health problem. The present study was carried out in three moments that consubstantiated in a chapter of book, a review article and an empirical article. The chapter aimed to contextualize the epidemiological panorama of drug use in Brazilian society, through a general characterization of the term and its specificities, as well as a reflection on this phenomenon in the light of Cognitive Social Theory. It is argued that the notion of triadic reciprocity that permeates the entire sociocognitive conception has been contributing to a dynamic and systemic reading of drug consumption, which goes beyond a purely individual understanding, be it biological or behavioral. The literature review article was about the Transtheoric Model of Change (MTT) and the family support in crack user care, helping to discuss strategies for dealing with chemical dependency. In this paper we analyze the contributions of the Transtheoric Model of Change in the treatment of addicted behavior and the importance of understanding the motivational stages and processes of change by the user, family and technical team, demanding the professionals' attention regarding the understanding and treatment Of risky behaviors, which in turn require the reformulation of treatment and care strategies for users who are at any stage. The empirical article that followed the review, addressed the central theme of the dissertation and aimed to investigate the influence of the perception of family support, the belief of self efficacy and the motivational stage of crack users in adherence to the care offered in the ATITUDE Program. It was a mixed study that first investigated 60 users of both sexes that were hosted in the assistance modalities: support and intensive. In the second phase, five participants of both genders were interviewed. The following instruments were used: Family Support Perception Inventory (IPSF); Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (AEGP); University of Rhode Island Change Assesment Scale - URICA scale and semi-structured interview. By extracting the Chronbach alpha, we obtained unsatisfactory indicators of internal consistency of the AEGP and URICA scales, and high for the IPSF. The discussion is based on the unique profile of the sample, since many of the users live on the street, with a multitude of basic care deficits and, even with some level of schooling, may have experienced some level of misunderstanding in the sense of what the activity demanded In five alternatives of choice, tending to position themselves with certain ease when the theme was more concrete, as in the case of the family, also having this scale a number of alternatives of choice smaller than the others. Perhaps a larger number of users could dilute these inconsistencies found on the first two scales. Finally, the interviews allowed to highlight the importance of family ties for a better understanding of the phenomenon of crack use in its multiplicity, questioning and proposing an extended view of the family, as an important source of support to users in the continuity of their care.

The abuse of substances by South African young people has led to the development of specialised residential treatment programmes. This qualitative and phenomenological study sought to explore child and youth care interventions which contributes towards children’s recovery from substance abuse/dependency. Data was collected through purposive sampling, with face -to -face interviews with a broad interview guide and it’s analysis was influenced by Patton and Creswell’s eight steps for qualitative data analysis and interpretation. The study confirmed the involvement of South African child and youth care workers in substance abuse programmes for young people. Specific interventions such as an existence of a therapeutic relationship between child and youth care workers, the use of the relationship as a model for other relationships, the availability and presence of the child and youth care worker, the adolescent development programme and young people’s involvement in their individual development programme that contributed to recovery from substance dependency were identified. / Social Work / M. Tech. (Child and Youth Care)

The susceptibility of adolescents to chemical addiction has become a major international concern. Approximately 25% of people in Central Asia and Eastern Europe who inject chemical substances are under the age of 20 years (Youth at the United Nations, 2006), while up to 75% of unintentional injuries among adolescents in America are related to substance abuse (Page & Page, 2003:196). On the national level, approximately 25% of adolescents under the age of 20 are involved in substance abuse (Western Cape Department of Social Services and Poverty Alleviation Transformation Plan, 2006:13). Focusing on the Western Cape, a report from the South African Epidemiology Network (2007:3) highlights that the youngest patient in in-patient treatment was nine years of age, and among 2 798 persons who received in-patient treatment, 27% were under the age of 20, more than any other age group in treatment. Treatment of adolescent chemical addiction should include preparation for treatment, treatment, and also aftercare services to ensure that the addicted adolescent develops skills to maintain sobriety (Meyer, 2005:292-293). Section Six of the South African Prevention and Treatment of Drug Dependency Act (1992) prescribes that chemically addicted persons should have access to professional aftercare services to ensure that treatment is not terminated prematurely. The motivation for this study was based on the fact that, despite this statutory requirement, the Western Cape Drug Forum (2005:3) identified the need for the development of aftercare services in 2005, indicating the lack of focus on aftercare as part of treatment. This concern was confirmed by practitioners in the field of adolescent chemical addiction and findings resulted from previous research regarding relapse experiences of chemically addicted adolescents (Van der Westhuizen, 2007:129-130). / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)

The abuse of substances by South African young people has led to the development of specialised residential treatment programmes. This qualitative and phenomenological study sought to explore child and youth care interventions which contributes towards children’s recovery from substance abuse/dependency. Data was collected through purposive sampling, with face -to -face interviews with a broad interview guide and it’s analysis was influenced by Patton and Creswell’s eight steps for qualitative data analysis and interpretation. The study confirmed the involvement of South African child and youth care workers in substance abuse programmes for young people. Specific interventions such as an existence of a therapeutic relationship between child and youth care workers, the use of the relationship as a model for other relationships, the availability and presence of the child and youth care worker, the adolescent development programme and young people’s involvement in their individual development programme that contributed to recovery from substance dependency were identified. / Social Work / M. Tech. (Child and Youth Care)

The susceptibility of adolescents to chemical addiction has become a major international concern. Approximately 25% of people in Central Asia and Eastern Europe who inject chemical substances are under the age of 20 years (Youth at the United Nations, 2006), while up to 75% of unintentional injuries among adolescents in America are related to substance abuse (Page & Page, 2003:196). On the national level, approximately 25% of adolescents under the age of 20 are involved in substance abuse (Western Cape Department of Social Services and Poverty Alleviation Transformation Plan, 2006:13). Focusing on the Western Cape, a report from the South African Epidemiology Network (2007:3) highlights that the youngest patient in in-patient treatment was nine years of age, and among 2 798 persons who received in-patient treatment, 27% were under the age of 20, more than any other age group in treatment. Treatment of adolescent chemical addiction should include preparation for treatment, treatment, and also aftercare services to ensure that the addicted adolescent develops skills to maintain sobriety (Meyer, 2005:292-293). Section Six of the South African Prevention and Treatment of Drug Dependency Act (1992) prescribes that chemically addicted persons should have access to professional aftercare services to ensure that treatment is not terminated prematurely. The motivation for this study was based on the fact that, despite this statutory requirement, the Western Cape Drug Forum (2005:3) identified the need for the development of aftercare services in 2005, indicating the lack of focus on aftercare as part of treatment. This concern was confirmed by practitioners in the field of adolescent chemical addiction and findings resulted from previous research regarding relapse experiences of chemically addicted adolescents (Van der Westhuizen, 2007:129-130). / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)