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One of the most important components of any wireless network is the medium access control protocol. This research deals with wireless ATM (WATM) medium access control (MAC) protocol. Conventional studies concerning WATM have focused mainly on variations of the time-division-multiple-access (TDMA) method for the wireless aspect of WATM networks. However, there are many advantages that the direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access (DS-CDMA) air-interface method has, such as inherent robustness against multipath fading, better resilience against security infringement attempts, and greater overall capacity compared to the TDMA method as proven in the cellular telephone industry. The main reason behind the relatively broader support for the TDMA method is that the source bit rate is generally higher compared to the DS-CDMA method since the maximum data rate per mobile unit is limited by the processing gain of a traditional DS-CDMA method. In this research, the problem of limited data rate often associated with a DS-CDMA air-interface is alleviated by employing the recently conceived multi-coded DS-CDMA as the primary air-interface, which is known to achieve maximum data rate per mobile unit comparable to applications employing TDMA. The focus of this research is on overcoming periods of significant deterioration of the wireless channel by adaptively employing bit combining. A MAC protocol called Adaptive Parallel Multiple Sub-stream CDMA (APMS-CDMA) is proposed to alternate between normal and ¡°rake-in¡± mode to deal with the often hostile environment of a WATM network. Although the context in which this research effort was conducted was a wireless ATM network environment, the protocol and techniques developed here can be applied to other infrastructure wireless systems using multi-code CDMA as their air-interface. Further, independent of the air-interface technique employed, other wireless systems can benefit from the channel estimation and the traffic management techniques used in this research effort. / Ph. D.

There has been great interest in antenna array processing (diversity, beamforming, null steering, and spatial multiplexing) to enhance the received signal quality and the capacity of wireless communications systems. However, in order to properly exploit the characteristics of different array processing techniques, understanding trade-offs among different techniques and parametric investigation, which offers an insight as to what parameters determine system performance under different situations is necessary. In this study, we present analytical framework which can facilitate the performance analysis of systems with antenna array. Five original contributions to the performance analysis of antenna array processing are presented in this study. First, we present theoretical outage probability of a system equipped with an array which suppresses a few dominant interering signals in TDMA cellular networks when the fading statistics of interfering signals are independent but non-identically distributed. Most of the related previous works assumed either independent and identically distributed fading statistics among cochannel interferences (CCI) or Rayleigh fading when CCI signals are subject to i.n.d. fading statistics. Secondly, the performance of multi-branch predetection equal gain combiner for different modulation techniques in equally correlated Nakagami-m fading is presented through analytical analysis. Specifically, the characteristic function (CHF) and the moment generating function (MGF) of EGC output with correlated inputs are derived and used to evaluate the average symbol error probability (ASEP) and the outage probability performance, respectively. Thirdly, we derived analytical expression which can be used to analyze the performance of different types of diversity techniques in equally correlated Nakagami-m or Rice fading channels. Fourthly, asymptotic analysis on different types of diversity combiners in generalized fading channels is presented in a unifying way. Finally, we investigate and present the impact of transmit diversity at handsets on the reverse link DS/CDMA systems in terms of capacity and coverage over generalized fading channels through analytical approaches. Then, we validate the analytical results with simulation results and investigate practical issues which are hard to capture through analytical analysis using system level simulator we developed. Although we have mainly focused on applying the analytical framework we have derived in this work to the performance analysis of physical layer algorithms such as spatial diversity and adaptive null steering, the framework can be extended to assist the analysis and design of wireless communication systems such as, to name a few, distributed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system in cooperative wireless networks, multipath routing protocol analysis in wireless fading channels, and antenna selection problems in MIMO system. / Ph. D.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of an economically important disease of poultry. In Brazil this disease causes respiratory, renal and reproductive problems in birds of all ages, despite constant vaccination with the Massachusetts strain H120. This lack of immunological protection is known to be due the genetic variation in the spike glycoprotein of IBV, which is involved in host cell attachment, neutralization and the induction of protective immunity. Brazilian IBV variants resulting of this genetic variation are present since the 80s and this study aimed to epidemiologicaly analyze and molecularly characterize the existing variants during 2010-2015 and perform a bioinformatics analysis of the available sequences of IBV variants in a 40 year period. Of the 453 samples tested, 61.4% were positive for IBV and 75.9% of them were considered variants and were detected in birds of all ages, distributed in all five Brazilian regions. A fragment of 559-566 bp was obtained from 12 isolates, where BR-I was the predominant variant while only one isolate belonged to the BR-II genotype. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequences of 40 years of Brazilian IBV variants was performed and the ratio of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (dn) to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (ds) dN/dS was calculated. It revealed a predominance of codons with non-synonymous substitutions in the first third of the S1 gene and a dN/dS ratio of 0.6757, indicating that this portion of the gene was under negative selection. Additionally prediction of N-glycosilation sites showed that most of the BR-I variants (from 2003 to early 2014) present an extra site at animoacid position 20, while the newest ones lack this feature.Together these results suggest that IBV Brazilian variants had probably suffered drastic mutations in some points between the years 1983 to 2003 and after achieving an antigenic structure effective enough for invasion and replication in their hosts, the selection processes became silent. / O vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (IBV) é o agente causador de uma doença aviária economicamente importante. No Brasil, esta doença ocasiona problemas respiratórios, renais e reprodutivos em aves de todas as idades, apesar da vacinação constante com a cepa Massachusetts H120. Esta falha na proteção conferida pela vacina é ocasionada por mutações nos nucleotídeos do gene da glicoproteína da espícula, a qual está envolvida no processo de interação comas células do hospedeiro, a neutralização e a indução de imunidade protetora. As variantes brasileiras resultantes dessa mutação genética estão presentes desde os anos 80 e este estudo teve como objetivo analisar epidemiologicamente e caracterizar molecularmente os vírus variantes existentes durante 2010-2015 e realizar uma análise bioinformática das sequências disponíveis no GenBank em um período de 40 anos. Das 453 amostras analisadas, 61,4% foram positivas para IBV e 75,9% delas foram consideradas variantes e foram detectados em aves de todas as idades, distribuídos em todas as 5 regiões do Brasil. Um fragmento de 559-566 pb foi obtido a partir de 12 isolados, onde BR-I foi a variante predominante ao contrario que apenas um isolado pertencia ao genótipo BR-II. Análise bioinformática de 40 anos de variantes do IBV brasileiros revelou uma predominância de codões com as substituições não sinónimos no primeiro terço do gene S1 e uma relação dN / dS de 0,6757, indicando que esta porção do gene estava sob selecção negativa. Além disso a previsão de pontos de de N-glicosilação mostrou que a maioria das amostras variantes BR-I (entre o 2003 e início de 2014) apresentam um ponto adicional na posição 20, enquanto as variantes mais novas não apresentam esse ponto de nglicosilação. Estes resultados sugerem que as variantes brasileiras teriam sofrido mutações provavelmente drásticas em alguns pontos do genoma, entre os anos de 1983 a 2003 e depois de atingir uma estrutura antigênica eficaz o suficiente para a invasão e replicação em seus hospedeiros, o processo de seleção mudou para seleção negativa.

This paper is devoted to studying the problem of constructing Ds-optimal design for d-th degree polynomial regression with analytic weight function on the interval [m-a,m+a],m,a in R. It is demonstrated that the structure of the optimal design depends on d, a and weight function only, as a close to 0. Moreover, the Taylor polynomials of the scaled versions of the optimal support points and weights can be computed via a recursive formula.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CiroAPT.pdf: 868504 bytes, checksum: d74079034ebc48de53a5dc4be812ec74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-17 / This master dissertation introduces a study about some aspects that determine the aplication of adaptative arrays in DS-CDMA cellular systems. Some basics concepts and your evolution in the time about celular systems was detailed here, meanly the CDMA tecnique, specialy about spread-codes and funtionaly principies. Since this, the mobile radio enviroment, with your own caracteristcs, and the basics concepts about adaptive arrays, as powerfull spacial filter was aborded. Some adaptative algorithms was introduced too, these are integrants of the signals processing, and are answerable for weights update that influency directly in the radiation pattern of array. This study is based in a numerical analysis of adaptative array system behaviors related to the used antenna and array geometry types. All the simulations was done by Mathematica 4.0 software. The results for weights convergency, square mean error, gain, array pattern and supression capacity based the analisis made here, using RLS (supervisioned) and LSDRMTA (blind) algorithms. / Esta disserta??o de mestrado vem trazer um estudo sobre alguns aspectos que influenciam na aplica??o de antenas adaptativas em sistemas celulares DS-CDMA (ou simplesmente CDMA). Foram detalhados alguns conceitos b?sicos a respeito do sistema celular e em geral, bem como sua evolu??o ao longo do tempo, dando ?nfase ? t?cnica CDMA, no que diz respeito aos c?digos de espalhamento e princ?pio de funcionamento. A partir disso, o ambiente de r?dio m?vel, com suas caracter?sticas peculiares, foi abordado, bem como os conceitos b?sicos em que se baseiam o sistema de antenas adaptativas com sua poderosa capacidade de filtragem espacial, capaz de reduzir significativamente o efeito de sinais indesejados. Tamb?m alguns algoritmos adaptativos foram discutidos, esses s?o integrantes do processamento dos sinais captados pelos arranjos, e s?o respons?veis pela atualiza??o dos pesos que de certa forma controlar?o o diagrama de radia??o do arranjo. Mais especificamente, esse trabalho fundamentou-se na an?lise, mediante simula??es computacionais, do comportamento do sistema de antenas adaptativas face ao tipo de antena e ao tipo (geometria) de arranjo empregados. Todas as simula??es foram feitas utilizando o software Mathematica 4.0. Os resultados para a converg?ncia dos pesos, erro m?dio quadr?tico, ganho, diagrama de radia??o e capacidade de supress?o foram as grandezas que basearam as an?lises aqui feitas, utilizando para isso, os algoritmos RLS (supervisionado) e LSDRMTA (cego).

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of an economically important disease of poultry. In Brazil this disease causes respiratory, renal and reproductive problems in birds of all ages, despite constant vaccination with the Massachusetts strain H120. This lack of immunological protection is known to be due the genetic variation in the spike glycoprotein of IBV, which is involved in host cell attachment, neutralization and the induction of protective immunity. Brazilian IBV variants resulting of this genetic variation are present since the 80s and this study aimed to epidemiologicaly analyze and molecularly characterize the existing variants during 2010-2015 and perform a bioinformatics analysis of the available sequences of IBV variants in a 40 year period. Of the 453 samples tested, 61.4% were positive for IBV and 75.9% of them were considered variants and were detected in birds of all ages, distributed in all five Brazilian regions. A fragment of 559-566 bp was obtained from 12 isolates, where BR-I was the predominant variant while only one isolate belonged to the BR-II genotype. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequences of 40 years of Brazilian IBV variants was performed and the ratio of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (dn) to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (ds) dN/dS was calculated. It revealed a predominance of codons with non-synonymous substitutions in the first third of the S1 gene and a dN/dS ratio of 0.6757, indicating that this portion of the gene was under negative selection. Additionally prediction of N-glycosilation sites showed that most of the BR-I variants (from 2003 to early 2014) present an extra site at animoacid position 20, while the newest ones lack this feature.Together these results suggest that IBV Brazilian variants had probably suffered drastic mutations in some points between the years 1983 to 2003 and after achieving an antigenic structure effective enough for invasion and replication in their hosts, the selection processes became silent. / O vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (IBV) é o agente causador de uma doença aviária economicamente importante. No Brasil, esta doença ocasiona problemas respiratórios, renais e reprodutivos em aves de todas as idades, apesar da vacinação constante com a cepa Massachusetts H120. Esta falha na proteção conferida pela vacina é ocasionada por mutações nos nucleotídeos do gene da glicoproteína da espícula, a qual está envolvida no processo de interação comas células do hospedeiro, a neutralização e a indução de imunidade protetora. As variantes brasileiras resultantes dessa mutação genética estão presentes desde os anos 80 e este estudo teve como objetivo analisar epidemiologicamente e caracterizar molecularmente os vírus variantes existentes durante 2010-2015 e realizar uma análise bioinformática das sequências disponíveis no GenBank em um período de 40 anos. Das 453 amostras analisadas, 61,4% foram positivas para IBV e 75,9% delas foram consideradas variantes e foram detectados em aves de todas as idades, distribuídos em todas as 5 regiões do Brasil. Um fragmento de 559-566 pb foi obtido a partir de 12 isolados, onde BR-I foi a variante predominante ao contrario que apenas um isolado pertencia ao genótipo BR-II. Análise bioinformática de 40 anos de variantes do IBV brasileiros revelou uma predominância de codões com as substituições não sinónimos no primeiro terço do gene S1 e uma relação dN / dS de 0,6757, indicando que esta porção do gene estava sob selecção negativa. Além disso a previsão de pontos de de N-glicosilação mostrou que a maioria das amostras variantes BR-I (entre o 2003 e início de 2014) apresentam um ponto adicional na posição 20, enquanto as variantes mais novas não apresentam esse ponto de nglicosilação. Estes resultados sugerem que as variantes brasileiras teriam sofrido mutações provavelmente drásticas em alguns pontos do genoma, entre os anos de 1983 a 2003 e depois de atingir uma estrutura antigênica eficaz o suficiente para a invasão e replicação em seus hospedeiros, o processo de seleção mudou para seleção negativa.

The aim of this thesis is a modification of the distribution network (DS) of the city of Brno to ensure power supply in the required quantity and quality for end consumers. Calculation of steady - state operation of distribution network (DS) of Brno is performed in the programme PAS DAISY Off-Line v.4.00 Bison. On the basis of available data (dispatching scheme, load current of stem lines and reserved power of wholesale customers) we will analyze the steady-state of network. We will find out which of the 110/22 kV transformer stations, cable and overhead lines are overloaded and perform network adjustments to ensure safe and reliable operation by 2015. We will identify in which year we will need to build a new power node in the northern part of Brno. The conclusion is focused on technical and economic evaluation of proposed alternative network arrangements.

[pt] Esta tese apresenta novas estruturas e algoritmos adaptativos para detecção às cegas de sinais DS-CDMA. São investigados receptores cegos com restrições lineares baseados nas funções custo de mínima variância (CMV) e módulo constante (CCM). Algoritmos adaptativos do tipo Affine-Projection para estimação dos parâmetros do receptor são desenvolvidos e seu desempenho em estado estacionário é analisado. Também são apresentados algoritmos adaptativos para estimação às cegas do canal de comunicações. Em seguida, novas estruturas de canceladores de interferência são propostas. Primeiramente um cancelador de interferência paralelo (PIC) linear baseado na função custo CCM é proposto. Em seguida é desenvolvido um novo esquema não-supervisionado de cancelamento sucessivo de interferência (SIC), baseado no conceito de arbitragem paralela. Por fim, é apresentado um esquema híbrido (HIC) que combina a estrutura SIC com uma estrutura multi- estágio, resultando em melhores estimativas para detecção e desempenho uniforme para os usuários do sistema. / [en] This thesis presents new structures and adaptive algorithms for blind detection of DS-CDMA signals. Linearly constrained minimum variance (CMV) and constant modulus (CCM) receivers are investigated. Blind adaptive Affine- Projection like algorithms for receiver parameter estimation are derived and its steady-state performance is analyzed. Blind adaptive channel estimation algorithms are also presented. This work also proposes new interference cancellation structures. Firstly, a blind linear parallel interference canceller (PIC) based on the CCM cost function is proposed. Secondly, a new non-supervised serial interference canceller (SIC) based on the parallel arbitration concept is developed. Finally, an hybrid interference cancellation scheme (HIC) which combines SIC and multiple PIC stages is presented.