Orientador: Maria Julia Marques / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T07:55:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matsumura_CintiaYuri_D.pdf: 2096053 bytes, checksum: 36802787c48fa671b02e82fdc5d9de40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Na Distrofia Muscular de Duchene (DMD) e em seu modelo experimental, camundongos mdx, a ausência ou disfunção da proteína distrofina leva a degeneração muscular. Acredita-se que a patogênese da DMD esteja relacionada à fragilidade do sarcolema, ao estresse mecânico e ao maior influxo de íons cálcio na fibra muscular resultante do funcionamento anormal de canais iônicos, como os canais de cálcio ativados por estiramento. O conhecimento das proteínas envolvidas na degeneração/regeneração muscular e na proteção a mionecrose da fibra muscular distrófica é essencial para a caracterização das distrofias musculares, bem como para o estabelecimento de métodos diagnósticos e de tratamentos preventivos ou terapêuticos. No presente trabalho estudamos os mecanismos de proteção a degeneração muscular, sendo dois os objetivos. No primeiro, identificamos proteínas envolvidas na proteção a mionecrose e nos processos de degeneração/regeneração muscular através do estudo proteômico dos músculos afetados ou não pela distrofia muscular em camundongos mdx e em animais controle. No segundo, verificamos a participação dos canais de cálcio ativados por estiramento na degeneração da fibra muscular através do seu bloqueio pela estreptomicina nos diferentes músculos distróficos de mdx. Adicionalmente, verificamos os potenciais efeitos secundários da estreptomicina na estabilidade do sarcolema e no tamponamento e sinalização de cálcio. Quanto ao estudo proteômico, nossos resultados sugerem que a diferença constitutiva dentre músculos afetados e não afetados pela degeneração são fundamentais para proteção a mionecrose, permitindo a manutenção da homeostase de cálcio e melhor resposta ao estresse mecânico e oxidativo. As proteínas galectina-1, anexina A1 e proteína 1 de interação com Reticulon-4 são possíveis biomarcadores para a distrofia muscular, uma vez que participam de diferentes processos celulares. Quanto a terapia farmacológica verificamos que os músculos distróficos mais afetados, como o diafragma, possuem maior quantidade de canais de cálcio ativados por estiramento e a estreptomicina atenuou a degeneração dos músculos distróficos. Diferente do efeito secundário de outros bloqueadores de canais de cálcio, a estreptomicina não alterou as proteínas do complexo distrofina-glicoproteína (beta-distroglicana e alfa-sintrofina), bem como as relacionadas ao cálcio (calsequestrina e calmodulina). Nossos resultados abrem novas perspectivas para o desenvolvimento de terapias farmacológicas relacionadas a proteínas envolvidas na degeneração muscular e na proteção a mionecrose, assim como para o desenvolvimento de métodos diagnóstico e de acompanhamento das distrofinopatias pelos marcadores moleculares / Abstract: In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and in the mdx mice model of DMD, the lack of dystrophin leads to muscle degeneration. The pathogenesis of DMD is related to sarcolemmal fragility, mechanical stress and increased influx of calcium in muscle fibers, due to dysfunction of ion channels, such as the stretch-activated calcium channels. The knowledge of the proteins related to muscle degeneration/regeneration and to the protection against myonecrosis is essential to better characterize the muscular dystrophy and to establish new diagnostic tools, in addition to new preventive or therapeutic treatments. In the present study, we addressed new mechanisms of muscle protection by focusing on two main objectives. First, to identify proteins related to the protection agaisnt myonecrosis and to muscle degeneration/regeneration by performing a comparative proteomic study of spared and affected muscles of mdx and control mice. Second, to verify the involvement of stretch-activated calcium channels in dystrophic muscle degeneration by performing a drug therapy with a stretch-activated calcium channels blocker, streptomycin, in muscles that are differently affected by the lack of dystrophin, in the exercised-mdx mice. Furthermore, we were interested to see whether the stretch-activated calcium channels blocker would have additional effects on sarcolemal stability and on calcium buffering and signaling, as previously reported for other calcium channels blockers. The proteomic study suggests that constitutive differences among spared and affected dystrophic muscles are essential for muscle protection agaisnt myonecrosis, allowing a better calcium homeostasis and response to oxidative and mechanical stress. Galectin-1, annexin A1 and the protein interacting with Reticulon-4 are potencial biomarkers for muscular dystrophy, due to their involvement in different cellular processes. The drug therapy study shows that stretch-activated calcium channels participates in dystrophic muscle degeneration, showing higher levels in the mostly affected muscle, the diaphragm. Streptomycin protects the dystrophic muscles against myonecrosis, but has no further effects on other mechanisms of dystrophic muscle protection, i.e., did not improve the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (assayed by beta-dystroglycan and alpha-syntrofin levels), nor calcium binding protein (assayed by calsequestrin and calmodulin levels). Overall, the present study opens new perspectives for the development of drug therapies to dystrophinopathies by suggesting potential new molecular markers of dystrophy (proteomic study) and by suggesting new mechanistic views to explain the differences in the response of dystrophic muscles to the lack of dystrophin (drug therapy) / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientador: Maria Julia Marques / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T09:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Apolinario_LeticiaMontanholi_M.pdf: 1840325 bytes, checksum: aac9928181ab48946d6ed91bfa3a9c50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença recessiva ligada ao cromossomo X. Os glicocorticoides são amplamente utilizados para o tratamento da DMD, entretanto os efeitos colaterais decorrente de seu uso contínuo motivam a busca por novas terapias farmacológicas. Ácidos graxos poli-insaturados têm sido empregados para o tratamento de várias doenças, exercendo seus efeitos através de mecanismos pouco conhecidos... O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease that leads to myonecrosis and cardiorespiratory failure. Glucocorticoids are so far the choice treatment for DMD. However their side effects due to continuous use motivate the search for new therapies¿ The complete Abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Anatomia / Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientador: Humberto Santo Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T21:05:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferretti_Renato_D.pdf: 15919724 bytes, checksum: 2e3e4ba8b562aaaaf3dde85b2e810561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os músculos intrínsecos da laringe (MIL) são protegidos da mionecrose em camundongos mdx, modelo da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD). A DMD caracteriza-se pela mionecrose, causada pela ausência da proteína distrofina (DIS). A DIS se une a um complexo glicoproteínas (CDG), que auxilia na estabilidade da fibra e interage com proteínas reguladoras do Ca2+. O sarcolema instável dado pela ausência da DIS, diminuição de proteínas do CDG, desregulação de canais de Ca2+ e leva ao influxo de Ca2+ exacerbado, associado à diminuição da homeostase do Ca2+ intracelular e capacidade do estresse oxidativa, resulta na mionecrose. A utrofina (Utrn), semelhante à proteína DIS, se conecta às proteínas do CDG, parece ter papel na agregação dos receptores de acetilcolina (AChRs) nas junções neuromusculares (JNM) e auxiliaria na proteção da mionecrose. Neste trabalho examinamos os níveis das proteínas do CDG (beta-distroglicana [b-DG], beta-sarcoglicana [b-SG] e alfa-sintrofina [a-SIN]), da Utrn, de canais de estoque do Ca2+ (SOCE; proteínas Orai e STIM1) e proteína relacionada ao estresse oxidativo na mitocôndria (PGC-1a) em MIL distróficos. Além disso, analisamos o padrão de distribuição da Utrn e AChRs nas JNM de MIL distróficos. A análise da b-DG, b-SG, a- SIN e da Utrn pela técnica de imunohistoquímica e western blotting, mostrou que nos MIL distróficos os níveis da b-DG e da Utrn são normais em MIL adultos comparados com controle. Com envelhecimento, os níveis de proteínas do CDG e Utrn são alterados em MIL distróficos e parece não estar relacionado a proteção da mionecrose. Com emprego de técnicas moleculares e bioquímicas para análise de canais de estoque do Ca2+ (Orai e STIM1) e proteína do estress oxidativo na mitocôndria (PGC-1a), foram observados níveis aumentados de STIM1, com similar aumento da proteína calmodulina (CaM), bem como aumento da expressão do PGC-1a em MIL distróficos. Músculos acometidos distróficos apresentaram diminuição na expressão destas proteínas. Utilizando imunohistoquimica e microscopia confocal, foi observado que o padrão de distribuição da Utrn e dos AChRs não se altera nas JNM de MIL mdx. Em fibras regeneradas tanto o padrão de distribuição da Utrn quanto dos AChRs mostraram-se alterados. Pode-se concluir que os MIL de camundongos mdx apresentam manutenção dos níveis normais de proteínas do CDG e da Utrn, bem como o aumento de STIM1, CaM e PGC-1a, poderiam auxiliar, pelo menos em parte, à proteção da mionecrose / Abstract: The intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) are protected from myonecrosis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The DMD is characterized by myonecrosis, resulting from the absence of dystrophin protein. Dystrophin links the cytoskeleton to a complex of glycoprotein, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which interacts with Ca2+-dependent channels for signaling and stability of the muscle membrane. In the absence of dystrophin, the sarcolemma becomes instable due to a decrease in the DGC level, deregulation of Ca2+-dependent channels, which increase Ca2+ influx, decreased Ca2+-handling and oxidative stress capacity, that result in muscle fiber necrosis. Utrophin (Utrn), similarly to the dystrophin, conects to DGC proteins, assembles the acethylcoline receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and may play a role in dystrophic muscle sparing. In this study, we examined the levels of DGC proteins (beta-dystroglycan [b-DG], beta-sarcoglycana [b-SG], alpha-syntrophin [a-SIN]), Utrn, store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCE; STIM1 and Orai1 proteins), and mitochondrial oxidative protein (PGC-1a) in dystrophic ILM. We also examined the distribution of Utrn and AChRs in the dystrophic ILM NMJ. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses of b-DG, b-SG and a-SIN, and the Utrn showed normal levels in adult dystrophic ILM compared with adult control. In aged mice, a dramatic decrease in DGC levels was observed in all dystrophic muscles compared with control. There are age-related alterations in DGC in the ILM of mdx mice, regardless of their protection against the lack of dystrophin. Using biochemical and molecular techniques to analyze SOCE proteins and mitochondrial oxidative protein (PGC-1a), we observed increased levels of STIM1, associated with increased level of calmodulin (CaM), and increased level of PGC-1a in dystrophic ILM. Dystrophic affected muscles have decreased levels of those proteins. Using molecular and biochemical methods we observed that Utrn and AChRs are fragmented only in affected muscle fibers and remaining unchanged in dystrophic MIL. We conclude that in adult dystrophic MIL the rescue of the DGC, increased levels of STIM1, CaM and PGC-1a, may be associated, at least in part, with their protection against myonecrosis / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da suplementação com ácido ascórbico (AA) sobre os aspectos morfológicos do plexo mioentérico de camundongos mdx jovens. Foram utilizados camundongos mdx e controles C57BL/10 machos divididos em seis grupos (n=5): GC30 (Grupo controle com 30 dias de idade); GC60 (Grupo controle com 60 dias de idade); GCS60 (Grupo controle suplementado com ácido ascórbico, com 60 dias de idade); GD30 (Grupo distrófico com 30 dias de idade); GD60 (Grupo distrófico com 60 dias de idade) e GDS60 (Grupo distrófico suplementado com AA, com 60 dias de idade). Após a eutanásia, os segmentos orais do jejuno (SOJ) foram coletados e submetidos a técnicas histoquimicas de evidenciação neuronal: NADH-diaforase, NADPH-diaforase e AChE. Os resultados demonstraram um aumento significativo do peso corporal para os animais distróficos (grupos GD30 e GD60) quando comparados aos seus respectivos controles (grupos GC30 e GC60). A análise quantitativa demonstrou que os animais do grupo GD60 possui área total do intestino delgado significativamente maior que os animais do grupo GC60; Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos GCS60 e GDS60. Em todos os grupos de animais com 60 dias, exceto para a densidade de neurônios nitrérgicos que se apresentou maior no grupo GCS60, todos os demais parâmetros (densidade e área do perfil neuronal) foram semelhantes entre os grupos, tanto controle (GC60 e GCS60) como distrófico (GD60 E GDS60), nas duas metodologias de coloração utilizadas (NADH-d e NADPH-d). A análise qualitativa demonstrou que componentes do plexo mioentérico dos animais distróficos suplementados com AA (GDS60) evidenciados positivos a NADPH-d e AChE apresentaram manutenção dos aspectos normais do plexo mioentérico quando comparados aos animais do grupo GD60. / The aim of this study was assessment of the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on morphoquantitative aspects of myenteric plexus of jejunum young mdx mice. Dystrophic mdx and control C57BL/10 animals were used and divided in six groups (n = 5): GC30 (control group with 30 days of age); GC60 (control group with 60 days of age); GCS60 (control group supplemented with ascorbic acid, 60 days of age); GD30 (dystrophic group 30 days of age); GD60 (dystrophic group 60 days of age) and GDS60 (dystrophic group supplemented with AA, 60 days of age). After euthanasia, the oral segments of the jejunum (SOJ) were collected and submitted to the histochemical techniques of neuronal evidencing: NADH-diaphorase, NADPHdiaphorase and AChE. The results showed a significant increase of weight in dystrophic mice (groups GD30, GD60 and GDS60) compared to its controls (groups GC30, GC60 and GCS60). The quantitative analysis showed that the GD60 group had a significantly higher small intestine total area than the GC60; no differences significant between GCS60 and GDS60 groups. All groups of animals with 60 days of age, except for the density of nitrergic neurons showed higher in GCS60 group, in all other parameters (the neuronal density and neuronal profile area) were similar between groups, controls (GC60 and GCS60) and dystrophic (GD60 e GDS60), for techniques of the NADH-d e NADPH-d.Morphological analysis of the components of myenteric plexus of dystrophic animals supplemented with AA (group GDS60) and evidenced by the techniques of NADPH-d and AChE, showed repair of the myenteric plexus aspects compared to animals of group no supplemented (GD60).

A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença recessiva ligada ao cromossomo ?X?, causada pela ausência da proteína distrofina que ocorre em vários tecidos, sendo caracterizada por uma severa disfunção da musculatura esquelética ocasionando morte prematura do paciente. Embora controverso, alguns autores reportaram que o GH (hormônio do crescimento) estaria implicado no desenvolvimento da doença e poderia ser utilizado no tratamento da mesma. Desta forma, neste estudo a dosagem sérica de IGF-I (Fator I de crescimento Similar à insulina) um peptídeo GH-dependente que regula as ações do hormônio do crescimento, foi realizada no intuito de verificar se existe correlação ou não entre o desenvolvimento da doença e a concentração sérica de IGF-I. As variações nos níveis deste hormônio foram demonstradas com o decorrer da idade sendo que, nos três primeiros meses todos os animais apresentaram comportamento semelhante com aumento dos níveis de IGF-I, porém no quarto mês os animais Distróficos benignos apresentaram redução média de 34% deste hormônio, enquanto ocorreu aumento de 1% no animal não Distrófico. Ainda, as células granulares adenohipofisárias relacionadas à produção do hormônio de crescimento em cães Golden Retriever com Distrofia Muscular apresentam-se maiores do que nos cães Golden Retriever não distróficos quanto aos seguintes parâmetros (eixo longo, área seccional e volume celular). À microscopia eletrônica de transmissão observamos que as células estudadas apresentam grânulos elétron-densos de parede dupla e distribuídos por todo o citosol. Estes grânulos apresentaram-se maiores nos animais Distróficos quando comparados aos animais não Distróficos. / The Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a X linked recessive disease, caused by the absence of dystrophin which is found in a variety of tissues and characterized by a severe disfunction of the skeletal musculature that results in a premature death of the patient. Theoretically, the growth hormone (GH) is considered to be associated to the development of Muscular Dystrophy and that could be used in its treatment. Hence in this study, a IGF-I (Insulin like growth factor-I) seric dosage was performed to verify whether or not there might be a between the evolution of the disease and IGF´s seric concentration. IGF-I is a GH-peptide dependent that regulates the GH actions during the growth. Changes in IGF-I levels were recorded during the dog?s post-natal development. On the first trimester, all animals presented similar IGF-I levels, although in the fourth month, a stark 34% decrease was observed in the dystrophic animals whereas a 1% increase was seen in the healthy dog. Furthermore, the GRMD´s granule-containing cells were larger when compared to the healthy animals. The following parameters in this comparison: long axis, cross-sectional area and cell volume. The ultrastructural study showed electron-dense granules composed by a double membrane and homogeneously distributed through the cell. These granules were larger in the dystrophic animals then in healthy dogs.

La dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) est la conséquence de la perte de la dystrophine, une protéine cytosquelettique indispensable au maintien mécanique et fonctionnel du sarcolemme. Notre équipe a largement étudié les entrées cationiques dans les lignées murines et a montré : 1- une augmentation anormale des influx dépendant des stocks calciques (SOCE) dans les myotubes (MT) déficients en dystrophine (dys-), 2- que les influx SOCE sont médiés par les canaux TRPC1 et TRPC4, 3- que la dérégulation des SOCE dans les MT dys- est corrigée grâce à la surexpression de l'α1-syntrophine. Au jour d'aujourd’hui, il existe peu d'éléments dans la littérature quant à la caractérisation des entrées SOCEs dans les cellules musculaires humaines et dans la DMD. Ce travail de thèse s'articule autour de deux parties : Le modèle murin, dans lequel nous avons montré un rôle indispensable de STIM1 et Orai1 dans la mise en place des entrées SOCEs et l'implication de la voie Ca2+/PLC/PKC dans l'augmentation anormale de ces entrées dans les MT murins dys-. Le modèle humain primaire, dans lequel nous avons mis en évidence : 1- une augmentation anormale des influx SOCEs dans les MT DMD et établit le profil d'expression des différentes protéines nécessaires à la mise en place de ces entrées ; 2- l'implication de la voie Ca2+/PLC/PKC dans la dérégulation des SOCEs dans les MT humains DMD et le rôle de l'α1-syntrophine dans la régulation de ces entrées dans les MT humains ; 3- la dérégulation de l'homéostasie calcique dans la DMD qui se produit par l'intermédiaire des entrées cationiques dépendantes de TRPV2 dans les cellules musculaires dystrophiques. / Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the consequence of the loss of dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein essential for the mechanical and functional maintenance of the sarcolemma. Our group has extensively studied store-operated cation influx (SOCE) in mouse cell lines and highlighted: 1- an abnormal increase in SOCE in dystrophin-deficient (dys-) mouse myotubes (MT), 2- That SOCE are mediated by TRPC1 and TRPC4, 3- that SOCE deregulation in dys- MT is corrected by overexpression of α1-syntrophin. As of today, there is little evidence in the literature regarding the characterization of SOCE in human muscle cells and in human DMD. This thesis work is divided in two parts : In the murine model, we demonstrated an essential role of STIM1 and Orai1 in the establishment of SOCE and highlighted the involvement of Ca2+/PLC/PKC pathway in the abnormal increase of cation entry in dystrophin-deficient mouse myotubes.In primary human model, we showed: 1- an abnormal increase of SOCE in DMD MT and established the expression profile of various proteins necessary for the implementation of this influx; 2- the involvement of Ca2+/PLC/PKC in SOCE deregulation in human DMD MT and the role of α1-syntrophin in the regulation of cation entry in human MT; 3- the deregulation of calcium homeostasis in DMD that occurs through TRPV2. This work proposes a new regulatory pathway, Ca2+/PLC/PKC, for SOCE in skeletal muscle cells and provides the first elements of the disruption of calcium homeostasis in DMD human myotubes due to the absence of SOCE's regulation by the α1-syntrophin and to the overactivation of TRPV2 channels.

La dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne de Boulogne (DMD) est une myopathie héréditaire liée au chromosome X et causée par une mutation du gène de la dystrophine. Affectant un garçon sur 5000, cette maladie entraine une dégénérescence progressive des muscles striés squelettiques et cardiaques. A ce jour, la DMD demeure une maladie invalidante, incurable et les personnes atteintes ont une espérance de vie de 30 ans. Parmi les thérapies innovantes en cours de développement, la thérapie cellulaire est une stratégie prometteuse. Cependant elle présente plusieurs limitations notamment liées à l’efficacité des types cellulaires utilisés et le devenir des cellules après injection in vivo. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est le développement d’une méthode d’imagerie pour étudier à l’échelle de l’organisme et de façon non invasive la biodistribution et la survie des cellules suite à leur injection systémique dans un modèle préclinique pertinent, le chien GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy), un modèle animal reproduisant fidèlement le phénotype DMD. Notre attention s’est portée sur l’utilisation du symporteur sodium iode (NIS) pour le suivi non invasif des cellules. Nous avons obtenu des cellules myogéniques exprimant le NIS, autorisant leur visualisation par scintigraphie grâce à la propriété d’absorption du technétium 99m conférée par ce symporteur. Nous avons montré in vitro que le NIS est fonctionnel pour la capture de radioactivité même après une différentiation avancée des cellules. En parallèle, nous nous sommes intéressés au type cellulaire. Les cellules primaires ayant une capacité de renouvellement limitée, cela restreint leur utilisation en thérapie et leur modification génomique. Afin de contourner cette limitation, plusieurs protocoles visant à obtenir des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSCs) dérivées de cellules canines ont été utilisés. De plus, pour ne plus être dépendant de l’immunosuppression imposée par les greffes allogéniques, nous avons utilisé le système d’édition génomique CRISPR/Cas9 pour mettre au point une correction des cellules GRMD afin de permettre la réalisation de greffes autologues. Nous avons également utilisé le système CRISPR/Cas9 pour réaliser l’insertion ciblée du gène NIS dans un site précis du génome des cellules. Les résultats obtenus autorisent le développement de programmes comparant le potentiel thérapeutique de cellules dans un modèle préclinique de la DMD. / Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked recessive myopathy, is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. One boy out of 5000 is affected by this disease, which induces a progressive loss of skeletal striated and cardiac muscles. To date, DMD remains an invalidating disease and there is no cure for it. People suffering from DMD usually die in their 30’s. Among the innovative therapies currently under development, cell therapy is a promising strategy. However, it has some limitations related notably to a low efficiency of tested therapeutic cells and their tracking in vivo after injection. The first aim of this thesis is to develop an imaging method allowing non-invasive monitoring of biodistribution and survival of cells at the scale of a large organism, following systemic injection in the GRMD dog (Golden retriever muscular Dystrophy, a relevant animal model of DMD, as it replicates finely the DMD phenotype). We took interest in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as an imaging reporter. We induced the expression of the NIS in myogenic cells to allow visualization of the cells by scintigraphy thanks to its ability to uptake technetium 99m. We showed that NIS is functional in the cells and they maintain their ability to differentiate. Primary cells have a limited self-renewal capability restraining their use in human cell therapy and gene editing. To overcome this limitation, we used several protocols to derive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adult canine cells. Furthermore, to avoid immune suppression protocols, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools to design a correction strategy of the GRMD mutation for future autologous injections. We also used CRISPR/Cas9 to perform a targeted integration of the NIS gene in a safe harbor locus. Results allow us to develop protocols to compare the therapeutic potential of candidate cells in a preclinical model of DMD.

Muscle stem cells self-renew to maintain the long-term capacity for skeletal muscles to regenerate. However, the homeostatic regulation of muscle stem cell self-renewal is poorly understood. By utilizing high-throughput screening and transcriptomic approaches, we identify the critical function of dystrophin, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and fibronectin in the establishment of cell polarity and in determining symmetric and asymmetric modes of muscle stem cell self-renewal. These findings reveal an orchestrated network of paracrine signaling that regulate muscle stem cell homeostasis during regeneration and have profound implications for the pathogenesis and development of therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19229号 / 医博第4028号 / 新制||医||1011(附属図書館) / 32228 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 妻木 範行, 教授 井上 治久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>  </p> <p>Heart disease is the leading cause of death for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a devastating and progressive neuromuscular disease with no known cure. This X-linked genetic disorder affects nearly 1 in 5000 boys and manifests as debilitating muscle weakness and progressive cardiomyopathy (CM). While CM in some individuals with DMD progresses rapidly and fatally in their teenage years, others can live relatively symptom-free into their thirties or forties. Early identification and treatment can improve quality and length of life, but currently, there are no standard imaging biomarkers that can detect early onset or rapidly progressing DMD CM. Addressing this gap, we describe here a novel cardiac image analysis paradigm using 4D cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to map left-ventricular kinematics comprehensively in DMD CM. The primary goal of this dissertation work is to introduce novel imaging biomarkers and computational methods to enable earlier diagnosis and precise prognosis for cardiac function in DMD. Central to this goal, we identified myocardial strain biomarkers that predict the early onset and rapid progression of cardiac disease in vulnerable patients. These findings bridge clinical gaps and pave the way for multi-center studies to characterize DMD CM progression and assessment of individual patient risk profiles for improved treatment and outcomes in DMD.</p>