Most approaches to Duffy’s work have been a feminist reading of poetry, focusing on the portrayal of women within the theoretical framework of feminism. However, little attention has been paid to the religious elements in Duffy’s work, something that Duffy herself has recognized. This essay will therefore focus on the centrality of religion in Duffy’s work, and will argue that her poems constitute an arena where religion is redefined and female experience and theology are reconciled. The poems under focus, “Delilah”, “Salome”, “Pilate’s wife”, “Pope Joan”, “Mrs Lazarous” and “Queen Herod” are examined in two separate sections: their portrayal of love and sexuality, and their portrayal of motherhood respectively, within the theoretical framework of feminist theology.

No description available.

Nors yra žinoma, kad pacientams, kuriems neseniai atliktos eritrocitų transfuzijos, kraujo grupių nustatymo hemagliutinacijos reakcija rezultatai gali būti nepatikimi dėl kraujyje cirkuliuojančių donoro ertrocitų, tačiau literatūroje nėra aiškių rekomendacijų, kuriais atvejais reikėtų naudoti molekulinius tyrimo metodus. Serologinis Duffy ir Kidd sistemų antigenų ir antikūnų prieš juos nustatymas – viena svarbiausių imunohematologinių problemų transfuzinėje medicinoje. Šiame darbe pirmą kartą Lietuvoje atlikti moksliniai tyrimai imunohematologijos srityje ir panaudoti genetiniai Duffy ir Kidd antigenų sistemų tyrimo metodai. Siekiant įvertinti Duffy ir Kidd antigenų sistemų fenotipavimo ir genotipavimo reikšmę, mes nagrinėjome klinikinių, demografinių, imunohematologinių bei su transfuzija susijusių veiksnių įtaką tyrimų rezultatams. Mūsų tyrimo metu nustatytas didesnis nei 30 proc. nesutapimų dažnis tarp Duffy ir Kidd antigenų sistemų fenotipavimo ir genotipavimo rezultatų patvirtino genetinių tyrimų naudą, atliekant dažnas eritrocitų transfuzijas. Atliekant šį darbą, pirmą kartą Lietuvoje nustatytas Duffy ir Kidd antigenų sistemų fenotipų paplitimas. Nustatytas laiko tarpas, per kurį įprastai klinikinėje praktikoje naudojamų serologinių tyrimų (hemagliutinacijos reakcijos) rezultatai gali būti patikimi, bei pateiktos atitinkamos rekomendacijos didina šio tyrimo praktinę vertę ir yra novatoriška šiuolaikinėje transfuzinėje medicinoje. / Accurate phenotyping of multitransfused patients is often complicated - mostly due to the presence of circulating transfused donor’s RBCs in the recipient’s blood, leading to discrepancies in the assessment of test results. The question when genotyping including Duffy and Kidd systems should be used for patients undergoing chronic RBC transfusions is still being discussed. Serological testing and evaluation of the antigens and antibodies of Duffy and Kidd systems are among the main problems in multitransfused patients. The research on immunohematology and blood group genetics has been caried out for the first time in Lithuania. A high rate (more than 30%) of disagreements between the results of phenotyping and genotyping in our study demonstrates the benefit of DNA-based testing for chronically-transfused patients. In order to estimate the value of phenotyping and genotyping of Duffy and Kidd antigen systems in patients undergoing long-term RBC transfusions, the impact of demographic, clinical, immunohaematological or transfusion-related factors, on the discrepancy of the results, was investigated. Time frame that could be appropriate to obtain reliable results of conventionaly used serologic tests (hemmagglutination reaction) after the last transfusion was established as well as appropriate recommendations were made. We believe that these studies could be helpful for clinical practice as well as in decreasing the risk of transfusion of red blood cells.

No description available.

Orientador: Irene Lorand-Metze / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calonego_SoraiaBuchignani_M.pdf: 2208836 bytes, checksum: 3e7ce4af19669508b96c417947e2c491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os antígenos eritrocitários são estruturas polimórficas correspondendo glicoproteínas ou glicolípides localizados na membrana eritrocitária. Os antígenos Fya e Fyb são os mais importantes do sistema Duffy e carreados por glicoproteínas de múltipla passagem transmembrana. Os antígenos S e s, pertencentes ao sistema MNS, são carreados pela glicoforina B (GPB). Há relatos na literatura de que todos eles seriam sensíveis à ação enzimática leucocitária e assim podem apresentar alteração de expressão durante o armazenamento. O nosso objetivo foi estudar a influência da remoção de leucócitos e do tempo de armazenamento na expressão dos antígenos Fya, Fyb, S e s em concentrados de hemácias (CH) coletados com CPDA-1 e armazenados para fins transfusionais e produção de reagentes eritrocitários. Estudamos 49 unidades de CH. Elas foram subdivididas em duas bolsas logo após a coleta sem abertura do sistema e uma foi leucodepletada com filtros SepacellTM antes do armazenamento. A outra foi utilizada como controle. Foi realizada avaliação dos antígenos nos dias 1 e 35 de armazenamento através da hemaglutinação em tubo, aglutinação em gel e imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo. Foi utilizado o QIFIKITTM para determinar o número de sítios antigênicos através da citometria de fluxo. O antígeno Fya apresentou um aumento na intensidade de fluorescência (p=0,02) apenas no dia 35 de armazenamento quando a bolsa foi leucodepletada antes do armazenamento. Os outros antígenos (Fyb, S e s) não apresentaram diferença de expressão com a leucodepleção. Em relação ao tempo de armazenamento, não detectamos alteração significativa na densidade dos antígenos Fya, Fyb, S e s durante os 35 dias estudados. O resultado do número de sítios estimados através da citometria de fluxo para os respectivos antígenos foi: Fya 1,1 e 2,3 x 104 em doadores Fy(a+b+) e Fy(a+b-) respectivamente; Fyb 0,72 e 0,78 x 104 em doadores Fy(a+b+) e Fy(a-b+); S 1,0 e 2,1 x 104 em indivíduos Ss e SS e para o antígeno s 1,0 e 2,4 x 105 em doadores Ss e ss. A citometria de fluxo demonstrou ser uma técnica sensível e capaz de detectar alterações não perceptíveis com os outros métodos. Foi mais reprodutível, estável e adequada para os antígenos Fya e Fyb que para os antígenos S e s. Isto talvez seja devido às características dos soros anti-S e anti-s disponíveis comercialmente. O estudo da expressão durante o armazenamento e a estimativa do número de sítios antigênicos são importantes no controle de qualidade e validade dos reagentes eritrocitários utilizados na prática transfusional. A leucodepleção influenciou somente o antígeno Fya no dia 35 de armazenamento / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestre em Clinica Medica

Malaria is one of the oldest parasitic diseases known to man, and the disease has played a role in shaping civilizations and the success of human populations over many centuries. While the malaria is well studied, it still remains a worldwide killer--claiming about 600,000 lives annually with children under the age of five representing a disproportionate population of those lethally infected. Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium, which is introduced to the human body through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. The most lethal form of the disease is carried by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, while the most widespread form of malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax, the latter of which has a specific mode of entry and life cycle that makes it difficult to eradicate. The entry of P. vivax into human reticulocytes is based on the presence of the Duffy antigen chemokine receptor (DARC), which is uniquely absent in two-thirds of the Black population and populations of immediate African descent making it rare in the African region while endemic in Western and Asian countries. Inability to culture the parasite P. vivax in vitro and exhaustible tissue samples makes an accurate model of P. vivax malaria difficult to maintain ex vivo. The current study focuses on overcoming those limitations by modeling the mode of entry of P. vivax into patient-specific, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived erythrocyte-lineage cells by showing firstly that DARC is a measurable marker of susceptibility in vitro via FACS analysis, and that secondly, P. vivax cell culture limitations can be bypassed by creating a lentivirus designed to specifically infect DARC-expressing cells. To demonstrate the potency of this system, we show that a virus expressing the conserved region of the Duffy binding ligand, Duffy binding protein II (DBPII), can selectively infect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that express DARC. Moreover, our current study focuses on the development of an iPSC-based disease model using patient samples derived from DARC expressing patients (DARC+) and DARC negative Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patients (DARC-). We show that DARC+ iPSC-derived erythroid lineage cells express a transient population of DARC-expressing cells via FACS analysis, and we explore different protocols to stabilize this unique population. We hypothesize that DARC is a stage-specific marker for erythrocyte maturation, and we believe that any subset of cells expressing DARC consists of more mature erythrocyte-lineage cells. This study then, provides a novel platform by which to study malaria infection in a patient-specific manner while bypassing the limitations of culturing P. vivax in an in vitro culture system, as well as introducing a new way to measure erythrocyte maturation. Successful establishment of such a disease model has great implications for in-depth drug screenings for novel therapeutics that target the blood stage of the parasitic disease that were previously difficult to validate due to the limitations of currently existing models.

This essay presents an ecocritical reading of water imagery in selected poems by Carol AnnDuffy, with focus on Duffy’s personified water-voices, how water illuminates history, andDuffy’s metaphor of language as water. After a consideration of the problematics of teachingpoetry in the EFL classroom, the essay concludes that Duffy’s poetry holds potential forstudents to develop environmental literacy, both in content and in form.

This study is concerned with school-based staff development. It looks briefly at the reasons for this development, emanating from changes in society and schools. First it traces the growth of school-based staff development overseas and in Australia. A variety of approaches to school-based staff development activities is demonstrated by a selection of case studies in the United Kingdom, United States and Australia. The study then examines staff development provisions in the ACT education system, a system based on the philosophy of participatory decision making. It then looks closely, by means of description and questionnaire, at staff development in a particular school in this system, Duffy Primary School. The study concludes with recommendations and a model for staff development in schools. The writer implemented a school-based model of staff development at Duffy Primary School independent of other current theories and practices on school-based staff development. His most recent reading and research outlined in this study have confirmed the basic soundness of the school-based model of staff development.

Submitted by Nuzia Santos (nuzia@cpqrr.fiocruz.br) on 2013-08-06T16:17:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_LeticiadeMenezesTorres.pdf: 1716063 bytes, checksum: b461cbc16a0524f9bee8e02c67961aaf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-06T16:17:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_LeticiadeMenezesTorres.pdf: 1716063 bytes, checksum: b461cbc16a0524f9bee8e02c67961aaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A Duffy binding proteindo Plasmodium vivax (PvDBP) e seu receptor na superfície dos eritrócitos, o antígeno Duffy/receptor para quimiocinas (DARC), estão envolvidos na principal via de invasão utilizada pelo P. vivax. No presente trabalho, realizou-se por um estudo do tipo coorte aberta, em área de assentamento agrícola da Amazônia brasileira, para avaliar a influência do receptor DARCna infecção e resposta imune ao P. vivax. Para isso, foi realizada a genotipagem do antígeno DARC através da técnica de PCR em tempo real. A pesquisa de anticorpos específicos foi realizada pela sorologia convencional (ELISA) e, por um ensaio funcional que avalia anticopos inibitórios da interação ligante-receptor. Entre os 690 indivíduos estudados, o genótipo FY*A/FY*Bfoi o mais frequente, consistente com a heterogeneidade étnica das populações que vivem na Amazônia brasileira. Na área estudada, não foi possível identificar associação entre a expressão DARCe a susceptibilidade a infecção pelo P. vivax. Em relação à resposta de anticorpos, nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre os genótipos de DARC e anticorpos IgG anti-PvDBP e nti-MSP119(outra proteína do P. vivax), ambos detectados pela sorologia convencional (ELISA). Contudo, a resposta de anticorpos inibitórios foi significativamente mais frequente em indivíduos heterozigotos carreadores de um alelo DARC-negativo (genótipos FY*A/FY*B ES e FY*B/FY*BES). Por último, a resposta de anticorpos inibitórios se manteve estável durante todo o período estudado (12 meses). Em conjunto, estes resultados demonstraram, pela primeira vez, que a expressão do receptor DARC pode influenciar na resposta imune inibitória contra a PvDBP . / The P. vivaxDuffy binding protein (PvDBP) and its erythrocytic receptor, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), are involved in the major P. vivax erythrocyte invasion pathway. Here, in an agricultural settlement of the Brazilian Amazon area, we carried-out an open cohort study to analyzed DARC genotypes and its relationship to vivax susceptibility and the PvDBP immune response. To answer this question, DARC genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Antibodies responses were analyzed by conventional serology (ELISA) using recombinant proteins, and byan in vitro functional assay that detect binding inhibitory antibodies (BIAbs) targeting PvDBP . Among 690 individuals enrolled in the study, the distribution of DARC genotypes was consistent with the heterogeneous ethnic origin of the Amazon population, with a predominance of genotype FY*A/FY*B.In the study area, DARC genotypes were not associated with P. vivax susceptibility. Also, there was no association between DARC and anti-PvDBP IgG, as detected by ELISA. However, the follow-up study demonstrated that BIAbs towards to be more frequent in heterozygous carrying a DARC-silent allele (genotypes FY*A/FY*BES and FY*B/FY*BES). In addition, antibodies to PvMSP119, another P. vivaxprotein,were not associated with DARC expression. Moreover, the BIAbs response remained constant during the 12 monthsof the follow up. Together, these results provide the first evidence that DARCexpression may influence the anti-PvDBP inhibitory immune response.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-23. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12570a.pdf: 1333156 bytes, checksum: 0105b88c65b75a1a3b0f95c3582d66c7 (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 Publico-12570a.pdf: 1333156 bytes, checksum: 0105b88c65b75a1a3b0f95c3582d66c7 (MD5) Publico-12570b.pdf: 1645063 bytes, checksum: 576f56dea0cc9713a43927cf346dd90f (MD5) / INTRODUCAO: Anemia falciforme (AF) apresenta grande variabilidade clinica e estudos previos sugerem que polimorfismos geneticos podem atuar como preditores de complicacoes. O antigeno Duffy parece ter importante papel na retirada de quimiocinas inflamatorias da circulacao, sugerindo que individuos Duffy-Negativo apresentariam menor clearance de citocinas e maior lesao endotelial. OBJETIVOS: Em um grupo de individuos com diagnostico de AF, tivemos por objetivos: determinar a frequencia dos fenotipos do sistema Duffy, determinar a frequencia alelica do gene DUFFY, correlacionar os achados fenotipicos com os genotipicos, determinar a importancia dos fenotipos Duffy em alteracoes clinico-laboratoriais selecionadas. CASUISTICA: 90 pacientes com AF em acompanhamento regular no ambulatorio de hemoglobinopatias da Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM). METODOS: A fenotipagem eritrocitaria foi realizada pela tecnica de hemaglutinacao em gel. A pesquisa molecular do gene DUFFY foi feita com primers especificos atraves da tecnica de PCR seguida de digestao com enzimas especificas. Foram analisados o polimorfismo rs12075 (125 G>A) que identifica os alelos FY*A e FY*B; as mutacoes: rs2814778 (-33 T>C) que caracteriza o alelo FY*B-33; e rs34599082 (265 C>T) e rs13962 (298G>A) que identificam o alelo FY*Bfraco. Esses individuos foram estratificados, de acordo com os fenotipos, em Duffy-Positivo [Fy(a+b-), Fy(a+b+) e Fy (a-b+)] e Duffy-Negativo [Fy(a-b-)]. Atraves de revisao de prontuarios, foram avaliados: hemoglobina basal (Hb), hemoglobina fetal (HbF), hemoglobina S (HbS), reticulocitos e dosagem de desidrogenase latica (DHL), ulceras de membros inferiores (UMI), priapismo, episodios de sindrome toracica aguda (STA), osteonecrose (ON), elevacao da pressao da arteria pulmonar (PAP . 30mmHg), acidente vascular encefalico (AVE: historia e exames de imagem alterados) e indicacao de uso de hidroxiureia (HU). A analise estatistica foi realizada com os seguintes testes: Mann-Whitney e Fisher, com nivel descritivo de 5%. RESULTADOS: Dos 90 pacientes estudados, 40% eram do genero masculino, a mediana de idade foi de 30,04 } 10,15 anos. A analise fenotipica mostrou que 73,3% dos individuos eram Duffy-Positivo e 26,7% eram Duffy-Negativo. Observamos maior prevalencia do alelo FY*B (71%), sendo que o alelo FY*B-33 foi encontrado em 43% dos alelos FY*B analisados. Os pacientes Duffy-Negativo apresentaram média de Hb de 8,32g/dL, enquanto o grupo Duffy-Positivo mostrava 9,01g/dL (p=0,039). As análises de reticulócitos, HbS, HbF não mostraram significância. O DHL, por sua vez, apresentou média de 634,59U/L nos indivíduos Duffy-Negativo e, 506,42U/L (p=0,045). 63,6% dos indivíduos Duffy-Negativo e 31,5% do outro grupo apresentaram elevação de PAP (p=0,0118; Razão de Chances: 3,792; 95% Intervalo de Confiança: 1,350- 10,652). Não houve diferença significativa na frequência de priapismo, ON, STA e UMI entre os grupos. A manifestação de AVE foi observada apenas nos pacientes Duffy-Positivo (p=0,0049; Razão de Chances: 0,0625; 95% Intervalo de Confiança: 0,0035-1,089). A indicação de uso de HU foi maior nos indivíduos Duffy-Positivo (p=0,0528; Razão de Chances: 0,3524; 95% Intervalo de Confiança: 0,1278-0,9717). CONCLUSÃO: Diante os resultados apresentados, podemos inferir que a presença das mutações estudadas está fortemente associada à expressão do Sistema Duffy. Do ponto de vista dos dados clínico-laboratoriais associados ao Sistema Duffy, embora os indivíduos Duffy-Negativo apresentem maior frequência de PAP elevada, seu índice de utilização de HU é menor e, portanto, não conseguimos afirmar que apresentam pior evolução clínica. Com isso, mais estudos, de preferência multicêntricos, são necessários para esclarecer esta questão. / INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) presents with large clinical variability and previous studies suggest that genetic polymorphisms may act as complications predictors. The Duffy antigen appears to play an important role in the removal of inflammatory chemokines from the circulation, suggesting that Duffy-Negative individuals have lower clearance of cytokines and increased endothelial injury. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of Duffy phenotype, determine the allelic frequency of gene DUFFY, correlate the phenotypic findings with the genotype and determine the importance of the Duffy phenotype in clinical and laboratory data from a group of SCA patients. PATIENTS: 90 AF patients regularly followed in the outpatient clinic of Hemoglobinophaties of the Department of Hematology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP / EPM). METHODS: Erytrocyte phenotyping of Duffy blood group was performed by hemagglutination in gel and molecular analysis of DUFFY gene was performed with specific PCR primers followed by digestion with restrition enzymes. We analyzed the rs12075 polymorphism (125 G> A) that identifies the alleles FY*A and FY*B; mutations: rs2814778 (-33 T>C) that characterizes the allele FY*B-33, and rs34599082 (265 C>T) and rs13962 (298G>A) that identify the alleles FY*Bweak. These individuals were stratified according to the phenotype, in Duffy-Positive [Fy (a+b-), Fy (a+b+) and Fy (a-b+)] and Duffy-Negative [Fy(ab-)]. Through medical records review, we evaluated baseline hemoglobin (Hb), fetal hemoglobin (HbF), S hemoglobin (HbS), reticulocytes count, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ulcers of the lower limbs (UMI), priapism, acute chest syndrome episodes (STA), osteonecrosis (ON), elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP . 30 mmHg), stroke (history and neuroimaging) and indication of use of hydroxyurea (HU). Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney and Fisher tests, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: 40% of the patients were male, median age was 30.04 } 10.15 years. Phenotypic analysis revealed 73.3% Duffy-Positive and 26.7% Duffy-Negative individuals. The allele FY*B was found in 71% of the patients, and the FY*B-33 allele was found in 43% of the FY*B alleles. Duffy-Negative patients had a mean Hb of 8.32 g/dL, while Duffy-Positive the mean Hb was 9.01 g/dL (p = 0.039). There were no differences in the reticulocyte count, Hb, HbF withing the groups. However, the mean DHL was 634.59 U/L in Duffy-Negative individuals and 506.42 U/L in Duffy-Positive (p=0.045). 63.6% of Duffy-Negative individuals and 31.5% in Duffy-Positive showed elevated PAP (p = 0.0118, odds ratio: 3.792, 95% confidence interval: 1.350 to 10.652). There were no statistical differences in priapism, ON, STA and UMI frequencies of amoung groups. Stroke was observed only in Duffy-Positive patients (p=0.0049, odds ratio: 0.0625, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.0035 to 1.089). Indications of HU use was higher in Duffy-Positive subjects (p=0.0528, odds ratio: 0.3524, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.1278 to 0.9717). CONCLUSION: Given the results above, we can infer that the presence of the studied mutations is strongly associated with expression of the Duffy antigens. From clinical and laboratory data viewpoint, although Duffy-Negative individuals had a greater frequency of PAP, its rate of use of HU is smaller and therefore one can not say that they had a worse clinical outcome. Thus, further studies, preferably multicenter, are needed to clarify this issue. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações