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Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2004. / Advisors: J.S. Chang and R.D. Findlay. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-212). Also available via World Wide Web.

This diploma thesis deals with the concentration of dust particles during harvesting of forage, namely hay, straw and fed forage. The measurements were always carried out on another land in the Vysočina Region. DUST TRAK II 8530 instrument was used to measure dust concentration. Each measurement was performed for ten minutes.

The work is devoted to the influence of dust particles on the operation of rotating machines with sliding contact. In the work are described and characterized dust particles from environment of selected machines. Their influence on sliding contact and influence on the insulation system of these machines is investigated.

Topic of this thesis is comparsion of emission concetration of solid pollutants in intensive poultry farming with different technologies. Measurement was done in cage system and two alternative poultry housing systems in company International poultry testing based in Ústrašice. For measurement of dust particles was used measurement device DUSTTRAK II 8530, own measurement has been done continuously for 24 hours with record every 3s. Dustiness was tracked in size fraction PM10. This dust particles can negatively influence health of employees and reared poultry. By measuring and following evaluation was found, that lowest value of dust particles was achieved in cage housing system. Considering health protection of employees and requirements for poultry wellfare is necessary keep dustiness of stable enviroment on lowest level.

Intensive poultry farming releases contaminated gases, odors, microorganisms and large concentrations of dust particles. Dust particles have a negative effect on the health of humans and animals. Dangerous particles with a diameter of less than or equal to 4 m, which can travel to the gas exchange area of the human respiratory system, pose a great health risk. The aim of this thesis is to measure PM10 dust particles in intensive poultry farms depending on the age of the chickens. Another goal is to compare the results between farms and compare them with the values shown in Table 5.15 on page 157 of document Final TWG meeting for review of the IRPP (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) BREF (Reference Document on Best Available Techniques). The measurements were carried out at the farm Alas a.s. in Hartmanice and at the farm Farma u lesa a.s. in Sudoměřice u Bechyně.

As agricultural production grows, the focus is on improving air quality, which affects not only residents around farms, but also climate change on a global scale. This thesis deals with the measurement of particulate pollutants and odor emissions in intensive poultry farming. The measurements were carried out at the Farma U Lesa in Sudoměřice u Bechyně in the spring and autumn of 2018. The production specific emission of odorous substances into the air was evaluated using dynamic olfactometry according to ČSN EN 13 725, which ranged from 0.01 to 0 according to the fattening cycle phase, 3 OUE. Ks-1. s-1. Compared to the BREF reference document, which lists emission odor values from 0.032 to 0.7 OUE. Ks-1. s-1 the measured values on the farm Mr. Šonky came out very low. Dust particles of PM10 fraction were measured according to the ČSN EN 12 341 methodology for the measurement of dust particles and the production specific emission of PM10 particles was found, which during the whole fattening cycle was measured to a maximum of 0.0025 kg. Ks-1.year-1. The measurement results were compared with the BREF reference document, where the maximum permissible production of solid pollutants of this fraction from 0.004 to 0.025 kg. Ks-1.year-1. In comparing the measured dust emission values with the BREF, the production of harmful emissions was very low.

Interstellar dust plays an important role in the physics of the interstellar medium, as well as the formation and evolution of stars. The presence of dust is often indicated in optical images by dark lanes which bisect spiral galaxies, or seen directly as reflection nebulosity around stars or emission nebulosity if sufficient heating is present. Of interest in this thesis is the dust that is associated with bipolar outflow sources. Bipolar outflows can occur in either evolved stars or in young stellar objects, and are so named because they consist of two lobes which are thought to be due to out-flowing dust and gas, with a dark lane between them due to thick dust in a circumstellar disk or shell which often blocks the light from the central star. The spatial distribution of the properties of dust around bipolar outflow sources has been examined using a combination of theoretical and observational techniques. To aid the interpretation of observations of bipolar outflow sources, we have modelled the wavelength dependence of light from 0.36 to 22\um, scattered by dust particles with varying characteristics. The results were then presented in the form of colour excess ratios. These model ratios can be applied to observations if the contribution due to the central star is able to be removed, such that all that remains in the image is the effect of the dust particles. The scattering of light by dust particles was modelled by varying six different characteristics: grain material, size (particle radius from 0.002 to 0.75\um), mantle temperatures and thicknesses, shape, and orientation. Of those characteristics, the largest variation in the colour excess ratios resulted from varying grain composition and size. Different scattering angles also produce a noticeable variation in the colour excess ratios, however the effect is difficult to distinguish from the general extinction due to dust around the source. Water ice mantles were also found to significantly change the colour excess ratios. Grain shape and orientation produced only small variations in the colour excess ratios. Three bipolar outflow sources were studied as part of this thesis, two evolved objects, OH~231.8+4.2 and Mz\,3, and the young T-Tauri object Rno\,91. The observations involved multi-wavelength imaging in the infrared, from which colours and colour excess ratios were obtained at various points of the bipolar outflows and then compared to the predictions made in the modelling. The most extensive data set analysed was seven images of the object OH~231.8+4.2 which were used in a multi-wavelength study in the infrared H to N bands (1.25--12\um). The central source position of the object has been confined to less than an arcsec using the longer wavelength images and an L--M colour image. The two peaks which dominate the lobes in the shorter wavelength images were found to be scattering peaks where the light from the central source is scattered from the walls of the lobes. The spatial distribution of water ice in the nebula has also been constrained to the circumstellar disk which has a torus or disk shape rather than being a spherical shell. The colour excess ratios derived for the nebula from the images also suggest slightly different dust properties between the circumstellar disk, lobe walls and within the lobe cavities. The young T-Tauri star Rno\,91 also contains ice, and was observed between J and L. The central star which illuminates the nebula was shown to be coincident with the brightest point in these images. Using colour excess ratio results for various parts of the nebula, it was shown that the dust close to the central star is likely to contain larger grains than the diffuse ISM, but with a similar composition. Moving away from the central star, the dust becomes more like that observed in the diffuse ISM. The presence of water ice on dust close to the central star was confirmed using images centred in the ice band. The protoplanetary bipolar outflow source Mz\,3 is slightly more evolved than OH 231.8+4.2, and does not have evidence of any water ice in the circumstellar disk. Images of this object were obtained between J and 10\um. The presence of warm dust throughout the inner bipolar lobes of this object is noticeable by the brightness of the lobes in the image at 10\um. Line profiles through the position of the central source of the 10\um\ image demonstrate that there is a circumstellar shell close to the central source which has an inner radius of $\lta\,375$\,AU. Colour excess ratio results for the bipolar lobes suggest that the dust associated with Mz\,3 is generally smaller than that found in the diffuse ISM. The properties of the dust in the bipolar lobes were also observed to be different to the dust closer to the central source and lying in the circumstellar disk. The small sizes for dust in Mz\,3 is consistent with the high velocity outflows that have been associated with the object.