A globalização dos mercados e a crescente competitividade internacional nas duas últimas décadas proporcionaram a entrada de empresas no mercado, dentre as quais estão as pequenas empresas. Notadamente reconhecidas por sua importância social e econômica, as pequenas empresas dos setores da indústria, do comércio e de serviços são, em termos numéricos, a grande maioria das empresas no Brasil. Dada a importância deste objeto de estudo, a presente pesquisa possui como objetivo geral explorar a relação entre a orientação para a inovação e os padrões de internacionalização de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs). Para a concretização deste objetivo principal, três objetivos específicos são traçados, sendo estes o estudo das capacidades dinâmicas para a inovação de PMEs de base tecnológica brasileiras, o estudo do processo e dos padrões de internacionalização deste grupo de empresas e o estudo da relação entre estes dois objetivos específicos. As capacidades dinâmicas para a inovação direcionam o desenvolvimento de inovações tecnológicas, quais sejam, inovações em produtos, processos e serviços, e também sustentam o desenvolvimento de inovações não-tecnológicas, em outras palavras, as inovações de Marketing e organizacionais. As capacidades dinâmicas também impactam positivamente na competitividade das pequenas empresas nos mercados domésticos e internacionais. A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa reside nas Teorias de Internacionalização, fundamentando-se nos Modelos de Internacionalização, e nas Teorias de Inovação, referindo-se às Capacidades Dinâmicas para a Inovação. Com o intuito de melhor compreender o objeto de pesquisa, para cada um dos temas existem tópicos que apresentam as PMEs. A diversidade setorial das empresas participantes da pesquisa contribuiu para a magnitude de resultados sobre as capacidades dinâmicas para a inovação de PMEs brasileiras, assim como para a identificação de seus padrões de internacionalização. A partir de um estudo qualitativo, as análises mostram que as PMEs brasileiras buscam se diferenciar através da inovação em seus mercados de atuação internacionais. Com relação aos padrões de internacionalização das PMEs brasileiras, estes se diferem, em alguns parâmetros, ao apresentado na literatura. Portanto, a análise das capacidades dinâmicas para a inovação mostra que as pequenas empresas brasileiras possuem elevado potencial para o desenvolvimento da inovação. Sobre a internacionalização, as PMEs do estudo apresentam padrões específicos de internacionalização, necessitando, assim, de aproximações em relação aos parâmetros apresentados na literatura. Como contribuições acadêmicas, a pesquisa apresenta a análise das capacidades dinâmicas para a inovação relacionadas ao padrão de internacionalização das PMEs brasileiras, apresentando variáveis emergentes aos temas de pesquisa. Por fim, como contribuições gerenciais, a análise dos casos permite verificar como as PMEs buscam se posicionar competitivamente nos mercados internacionais. / The globalization of markets and the growing international competitiveness in the last two decades have provided the entry of firms in the market, among which are small businesses. Notably recognized for their social and economic importance, small businesses from the industry, the commerce and the services sectors are, in numerical terms, the vast majority of companies in Brazil. Given the importance of this object of study, this research has as general objective to explore the relationship between the innovation orientation and the internationalization patterns of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this general objective, three specific objectives are set, which are the study of dynamic capabilities for innovation of Brazilian technology-based SMEs, the study of the internationalization process and the internationalization patterns of this group of firms, and the relationship between these two specific objectives. The dynamic capabilities for innovation drive the development of technological innovations, namely, innovation in products, processes and services, and support the development of non-technological innovation, in other words, Marketing and organizational innovations. Dynamic capabilities also impact positively on the competitiveness of small businesses both in domestic and international markets. The theoretical basis of this research lies in the Internationalization Theories, based on the Internationalization Models, and in the Innovation Theories, referring to the Dynamic Capabilities for Innovation. In order to understand better the object of research, for each of the themes there are topics presenting the SMEs. The sectoral diversity of the survey participants companies contributed to the magnitude of results on the dynamic capabilities for innovation of Brazilian SMEs, thus as the identification of their international patterns. From a qualitative study, the analysis show that Brazilian SMEs seek to differentiate through innovation in their international operating markets. Regarding the patterns of internationalization of Brazilian SMEs, these differ in some parameters, as presented in the literature. Therefore, the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation presents that Brazilian SMEs have high potential for the development of innovation. About the internationalization, the SMEs of this study present specific international patterns, thus requiring approaches in relation to the parameters presented in the literature. As academic contributions, the research presents the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation related to the patterns of internationalization of Brazilian SMEs, with emerging variables to the research topics. Finally, as managerial contributions, the analysis of cases allows verifying SMEs seeking to position themselves competitively in international markets.

A literatura acadêmica é omissa quanto a mensuração simultânea da relação indireta dos construtos Capacidades Dinâmicas (CDs) e Ambidestria Organizacional (AMB) sobre a ligação entre Orientação Empreendedora (OE) e Performance Organizacional (PO). Estudos anteriores enfatizam a necessidade de maior aprofundamento teórico-empírico dos construtos CDs e AMB, no entanto de forma isolada. Nenhuma pesquisa anterior buscou analisar, de forma coexistente, as duas relações indiretas. O objetivo geral desta tese é mensurar o impacto das CDs e da AMB como variáveis mediadoras da relação entre OE e PO. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa e descritiva, de corte transversal, por meio da estratégia de pesquisa survey aplicada com 385 gerentes de empresas de médio e grande porte exportadoras e importadoras do setor de transformação localizadas nos três estados da região sul do país. A escolha deste segmento deu-se em função da representatividade do setor investigado e pela vocação industrial da região sul do Brasil. O questionário de pesquisa utilizado foi validado a partir de trabalhos anteriores, tendo sido composto por 69 questões (para mensuração das questões específicas utilizou-se a escala de 7 pontos de Likert). A análise dos resultados foi baseada na estatística descritiva, Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), regressão linear múltipla, correlação, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE) por meio do software estatístico IBM® SPSS® AMOS. Ao término do estudo, foi possível confirmar todas as hipóteses investigadas. Para efeito desse estudo, foi possível identificar os seguintes achados: forte poder de mediação dos construtos CDs e AMB; relação positiva entre as variáveis latentes OE e PO; o construto OE, por meio das variáveis proatividade e inovatividade, demonstrou-se forte antecedente de CDs; as dimensões exploration e exploitation são importantes antecedentes da variável AMB; o construto CDs contribui para obtenção de um melhor desempenho da firma; as variáveis capacidade absortiva e capacidade de inovação foram identificadas como elementos subjacentes da CDs; o relacionamento com os stakeholders, crescimento nas vendas e lucratividade são elementos-chave para mensuração da PO; e, a strategizing pode ser um elemento de ligação entre CDs e AMB. O estudo ainda apresenta um framework teórico resumido composto pelos quatro construtos investigados, associados às dimensões exploration e exploitation em relação a gestão de recursos, habilidades, competências e core competence. Por fim, a pesquisa revela importantes contribuições para estudos futuros, identifica as principais limitações do trabalho e sugere implicações gerenciais para gerentes de empresas exportadoras e importadoras do setor de transformação dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Santa Catarina/SC e Paraná/PR. / The academic literature is omit on the simultaneous measurement of the indirect relationship between the Dynamics Capabilities (CDs) and Organizational Ambidexterity (AMB) constructs on the link between Entrepreneurial Orientation (OE) and Organizational Performance (PO). Previous studies emphasize the need for greater theoretical-empirical deepening of the CD and AMB constructs, however in an isolated way. No previous research sought to analyze, in a coexisting way, the two indirect relations. The general objective of this thesis is to measure the impact of CDs and AMB as mediating variables of the relation between OE and PO. For this, a cross-sectional quantitative and descriptive research was carried out through the survey research strategy applied with 385 managers of medium and large companies exporting and importing the transformation sector located in the three southern states from the country. The choice of this segment was due to the representativeness of the researched sector and the industrial vocation of the southern region of Brazil. The research questionnaire used was validated from previous studies, and it was composed of 69 questions (for the measurement of the specific questions the 7-point Likert scale was used). The analysis of the results was based on descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE), multiple linear regression, correlation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC) and Structural Equation Modeling (MEE) using the statistical software IBM® SPSS® AMOS. For the purpose of this study, it was possible to identify the following findings: strong mediation power of the constructs CDs and AMB; positive relationship between the latent variables OE and PO; the OE construct, through the variables proactivity and innovation, demonstrated a strong antecedent of CDs; the exploration and exploitation dimensions are important antecedents of the AMB variable; the CD construct contributes to a better performance of the firm; the variables absorptive capacity and innovation capacity were identified as subjacent elements of the CDs; the relationship with the stakeholders, growth in sales and profitability are key elements for the measurement of the PO; and, strategizing can be a connecting element between CDs and AMB. The study also presents a summarized theoretical framework composed of the four investigated constructs, associated to the exploration and exploitation dimensions in relation to resource management, skills, competences and core competence. Finally, the research reveals important contributions to future studies, identifies the main limitations of the work and suggests managerial implications for managers of export and import companies in the transformation sector of the states of Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Santa Catarina/SC and Paraná/PR.

Submitted by Alana Deusilan Sester Pereira (aladesp@gmail.com) on 2018-06-27T01:20:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALANA PEREIRA - TESE FINAL .pdf: 2432521 bytes, checksum: c79a7baeaaff595830f99c5d9a8b4fc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Tereza Fernandes Conselmo (maria.conselmo@fgv.br) on 2018-06-29T23:23:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALANA PEREIRA - TESE FINAL .pdf: 2432521 bytes, checksum: c79a7baeaaff595830f99c5d9a8b4fc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-07-02T12:39:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALANA PEREIRA - TESE FINAL .pdf: 2432521 bytes, checksum: c79a7baeaaff595830f99c5d9a8b4fc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-02T12:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALANA PEREIRA - TESE FINAL .pdf: 2432521 bytes, checksum: c79a7baeaaff595830f99c5d9a8b4fc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral propor um framework teórico-analítico que suscite reflexões sobre como as organizações podem desenvolver capacidades dinâmicas por meio da gestão de indicativos de conhecimentos. Assim, este estudo inova ao verificar empiricamente como os conhecimentos identificados no monitoramento do ambiente externo constituem em indicativos e, com isso, possibilitam criar capacidades que se adaptem às tendências e exigências do meio em que estão inseridas. Nesse contexto, tendo como marco teórico a bibliografia sobre capacidades dinâmicas, gestão do conhecimento e aprendizagem organizacional, identificou-se uma lacuna nos trabalhos publicados, visto que eles não abordam processos relativos ao conhecimento, como, por exemplo, o de seleção, priorização e monitoramento. Desse modo, a estratégia de investigação apoiou-se em uma abordagem qualitativa com o emprego do método de estudo de casos múltiplos. A coleta de dados foi realizada in loco e fez uso de múltiplas fontes de evidências com auxílio das seguintes técnicas de coleta: pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e observação direta. O setor escolhido foi o de Tecnologia da Informação. No total, foram realizados cinco estudos de casos e 23 entrevistas, resultando em um material equivalente a 1.159 minutos e 781 páginas de transcrição. Para o estudo dos dados, utilizou-se como estratégia a análise em profundidade de cada caso, com o auxílio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados do estudo indicam os principais fatores internos organizacionais que contribuem para o desenvolvimento das capacidades dinâmicas; as práticas de monitoramento dos fatores externos; os conhecimentos identificados que suscitam em indicativos; as principais práticas de gestão do conhecimento empregadas pelas empresas estudadas; as decisões e resultados obtidos por meio da utilização dos indicativos de conhecimento; a relação desses indicativos com as decisões deliberadas; e, por fim, a proposta de elaboração do framework a partir de oito proposições inéditas acerca do desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas por meio de indicativos de conhecimentos. Nesse sentido, a tese contribui explicitando indícios de que as práticas identificadas oferecem importante suporte para a efetividade dos indicativos em termos da identificação da sua relevância, acompanhamento e aprendizagem, conduzindo as decisões com efeito aos bons resultados obtidos nas empresas pesquisadas. Espera-se, portanto, que a estrutura analítica e as proposições apresentadas instiguem novas investigações para desenvolvimento das teorias de gestão do conhecimento e de capacidades dinâmicas. / The general purpose of this work is to propose a theoretical-analytical framework that arouses reflections on how organizations can develop dynamic capacities through the management of indicative knowledge. Thus, this study innovates by verifying empirically how the knowledge identified in the monitoring of the external environment constitute indicative and, thereby, enable the creation of capacities that adapt to the tendencies and demands of the environment in which they are inserted. In such a context, having as a theoretical milestone the bibliography on dynamic capacities, knowledge management and organizational learning, a gap has been identified in the published works, since they do not deal with processes related to knowledge, such as selection, prioritization and monitoring through indicative. Therefore, the research strategy was based on a qualitative approach using the multicase study method. Data collection was performed on-site and made use of multiple sources of evidence with the aid of the following collection techniques: bibliographic research, semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis and direct observation. The chosen sector was Information Technology. In total, 5 case studies and 23 interviews were conducted, resulting in material equivalent to 1,159 minutes and 781 pages of transcription. In order to study the data, the in-depth analysis of each case was used as strategy and the content analysis technique was used. The results of the study indicate the main internal organizational factors that contribute to the development of dynamic capacities; the practices of monitoring external factors; the identified knowledge that elicits indicatives the main knowledge management practices employed by the companies studied; the decisions and results obtained through the use of indicatives of knowledge; the relationship of these indicatives with the deliberate decisions; and, finally, the framework’s proposal of elaboration from eight unpublished propositions about the development of dynamic capacities through knowledge indicatives. For that matter, the thesis makes explicit evidence that the identified practices offer important support for the effectiveness of the indicatives in terms of identifying their relevance, follow-up and apprenticeship, leading decisions to effect the good results achieved by the companies surveyed. Therefore, it is expected that the analytical structure and the propositions presented instigate new investigations for the development of theories of knowledge management and dynamic capacities.

Um dos temas de maior interesse na pesquisa em estratégia nos últimos anos tem sido as capacidades dinâmicas, uma abordagem que se baseia nos conceitos de recursos e rotinas organizacionais para explicar a heterogeneidade do desempenho das organizações. Os estudos quantitativos na área são menos frequentes e tendem a usar medidas financeiras e unidimensionais, com particular interesse na relação entre as capacidades dinâmicas e o desempenho em detrimento de seus antecedentes. A fim de contribuir com a literatura, esse trabalho mapeia as principais bases teóricas relativas ao tema de capacidades dinâmicas e analisa quantitativamente o funcionamento de uma capacidade dinâmica com base em indicadores dos seus processos assim como examina seus condicionantes. Para operacionalização da etapa empírica, este trabalho elegeu um tipo específico de capacidade dinâmica, a capacidade de absorção, e restringiu a amostra a um setor, o de tecnologias da informação e comunicação no Brasil. A capacidade de absorção é relevante para a competitividade nesse setor porque ele é intensivo em conhecimento e enfrenta competição global, permitindo às organizações absorverem conhecimento de fontes externas e convertê-los em recursos que melhorem o desempenho em congruência com o ambiente. O modelo empírico foi avaliado com a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais e construído com dados secundários de fontes oficiais. Verificou-se que a capacidade de absorção é um constructo bidimensional, cuja capacidade realizada estabelece uma relação de mediação entre a capacidade potencial e o desempenho da inovação. Foi identificado também que o desempenho da inovação afeta o desempenho de mercado, mas não o desempenho ambiental. Confirmou-se condicionantes do modelo que são estatisticamente significantes. Finalmente, foram encontradas evidências do formato do processo da capacidade de absorção. Os resultados empíricos e o mapeamento das bases conceituais contribuem para melhorar a compreensão das capacidades, com implicações teóricas e gerenciais. / One of the most relevant issues of strategy research in recent years has been dynamic capabilities, an approach, based on the concept of resources and organizational routines, aims to explain heterogeneity of organizations performance. Quantitative studies in the area are less frequent and tend to use one-dimensional and financial measures, with particularly interest in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance at expense of their antecedents. In order to contribute to literature, this work maps the main theoretical bases about dynamic capabilities and quantitatively analyzes the operation of a dynamic capability based on indicators of its processes as well as examining their conditionings. To operationalize empirical stage, this work elected a particular type of dynamic capability, absorptive capacity, and restricted sample to one sector, information and communication technology in Brazil. Absorptive capacity is relevant to competitiveness in this sector because it is knowledge-intensive and faces global competition, enabling organizations to absorb knowledge from external sources and convert them into resources that improve performance in congruence with environment. Empirical model was evaluated with structural equation modeling technique and built with secondary data from official sources. It was found that absorptive capacity is a two-dimensional construct, whose realized capacity establishes a mediation relationship between potential capacity and performance of innovation. It was also identified that performance of innovation affect the market performance, but not the environmental performance. It was confirmed that model constraints are statistically significant. Finally, evidence of the process format of absorptive capacity was found. Empirical results and the mapping of the conceptual bases contribute to better understanding of capabilities, with theoretical and managerial implications.

The modern financial industry includes fast-changing technology, new regulations, and markets where companies at times find themselves at disadvantage. This study focuses on how organizations can build competitive advantage, particularly by drawing on the open innovation concept. We conceptualize its relationship to competitive advantage as a strategy of using and developing dynamic capabilities in business ecosystems. This view is empirically analysed through qualitative data from four organizational actors in the financial technology (fintech) sector, using semi-structured interviews and a case study approach. The results of the study show that there is a so-called fintech business ecosystem where collaboration and openness generate new opportunities and new innovations. It also shows that the capabilities networking and scanning, investment processes and an open, agile organizational culture are essential to gain advantage of the opportunities in the business ecosystem. In building competitive advantage from open innovation process, these capabilities provide speed and are necessary to find external resources that can effectively be united with internal key resources, creating unique resource combinations. This indicates that companies should focus on activities that enable these capabilities.

Dynamic capabilities, a relatively new concept in strategic management, are subject to a variety of streams and points of view in the available literature, where the focus is still mainly on debating the general concepts, overall frameworks and classifications. The current consensus is that dynamic capabilities are highly context-based, depending on firm types, timeframes and a variety of other factors. However, what current research fails to adequately address are studies of individual cases of particular types of firms in their specific business environments, as well as how dynamic capabilities and their foundations are created and how they evolve in a specific, limited context. What these individual cases can contribute to the overall area of research are refined tools and frameworks for context-specific creation of dynamic capabilities, and thus their importance cannot be ignored. This study uses qualitative research to observe a case of a commercial higher-education institution in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a developing market. The organization is highly IT-reliant, and one of the main characteristics of the institution is its flexibility and adaptability to change. In the recent couple or years, the institution switched several crucial partners, whose resources it uses for teaching. These factors make this organization interesting for investigation of dynamic capabilities in the particular context of constant change. The study uses mainly observation, but is supplemented by an interview and questionnaires. The researcher spent time working at the institution during a crucial timeframe of alliance-switching, and this experience fuels the observation. The results, including a developed model, present a good way to observe dynamic capabilities in a particular context, one based on activities and foundations that fuel dynamic capabilities in organizations.

The evolution of globalization and technology have changed the playground for international business and made it possible for smaller businesses to compete internationally among large and capital intensive companies. Markets become increasingly alike with converging product preferences and changing the world into one large integrated marketplace easily accessible for firms of all sizes. Recent research in the field of International Business has shed light on small firms that rapidly become international market players, called “born globals” (BGs). These firms’ behavior contradicting traditional theory, such as the Uppsala Model, which propose that internationalization is an incremental process where firms must gain market knowledge and psychical distance to markets to internationalize. The Uppsala Model describes internationalization as a relatively resource-demanding process. However, the BGs most often have scarce resources, but still manages to enter several markets simultaneously. Previous studies have focused on manufacturing exporting BGs when investigate this relatively new phenomenon. Yet, little light is shed on BG service firms and their internationalization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitating factors of resource-scarce Internet-based service BGs’ internationalization and barriers connected to it. Thus, this study aims to fill the research field of BG Internet-based service firms with more empirical data. The research questions are formulated as followed: RQ1: What important factors enable internationalization for Swedish born global Internet-based service firms? RQ2: Do the perceived barriers to internationalization for SMEs apply to Swedish born global Internet-based service firms, or are there other barriers present in their internationalization? As a theoretical framework, the researchers have combined three main theories, explicitly the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities and Business Models. Further, SMEs’ perceived barriers to internationalization are included in the theoretical framework as a sub-theory, to investigate if those barriers apply to BG Internet-based service firms. The researchers have performed a qualitative exploratory multiple-case study including six Swedish companies. The empirical data acquired is presented in a case-by-case structure relating back to the theoretical framework. The data has further been analyzed in a thematic way based on theories using the cross-case analysis technique. From the study, the researchers have found that the most important factors enabling internationalization for Swedish BG Internet-based service firms are an internationally standardized business model, human capital, and the level of dynamic capabilities. Regarding SME’s perceived barriers to internationalization, no clear pattern was found regarding the sample firms’ perceived barriers to internationalization. Which implies that more research is needed in this area.

En s’appuyant sur une recherche intervention socio-économique longitudinale au sein d’une PME multi-activités et en réponse aux défaillances des pratiques stratégiques traditionnelles, cette recherche propose le concept de stratégie de différenciation dynamique. Ce dernier, issu d’une combinaison entre la stratégie socio-économique, la théorie des capacités dynamiques ainsi que la stratégie de différenciation, intègre la complexité de l’environnement et vise à répondre aux nouveaux défis stratégiques des entreprises. Pour ce faire, des pratiques stratégiques mobilisant les ressources de l’entreprise, et en particulier le potentiel humain, permettent d’intégrer une dynamique de changement performante. Cela est rendu possible notamment par un comportement stratégique proactif, articulant des choix délibérés avec d’autres émergents. Suite à une première proposition du concept, celui-ci est testé et enrichit grâce à une analyse approfondie de l’ensemble des pratiques stratégiques issues du terrain d’investigation. Le concept est ensuite discuté par rapport à la littérature et représenté par des pratiques précises. En dernier lieu, des recommandations managériales permettant la conduite d’une stratégie de différenciation dynamique sont proposées. / Based on a socio-economic & longitudinal intervention-research carried on in a multi-activities SME and in response to the defaults of traditional strategic practices, this research suggests the concept of dynamic differentiation strategy. This later comes from the combination between socio-economic strategy, theory of dynamic capabilities and the differentiation strategy. It takes into account the complexity of the environment and is aimed to answer to the new strategic challenges of companies and organizations. To do so, strategic practices which are using and configuring the company’s resources, and especially the human potential, allow to integrate an effective dynamic of change. A proactive strategic behavior incorporating deliberated choices with some emerging ones make it possible. After suggesting first the concept, this one is tested and enriched with an analysis in depth of the field’s strategic practices. Then, we discuss the concept comparing it to the literature review and with more detailed practices. Finally, we suggest some management recommendations allowing the implementation of a dynamic differentiation strategy.

La compréhension des dynamiques d’un environnement, qu’elles soient technologiques ouconcurrentielles, tient une place importante dans les réflexions sur l’adaptation et la survie des firmes.Dans le cas de l’avionique, les bouleversements des années 2000 sont les conséquences de profondschangements dans ses deux secteurs de référence, l’aéronautique et l’électronique, ce qui amène leDépartement Calculateurs de la Division Avionique du Groupe Thales à s’interroger sur sa capacité àsaisir ces changements. Dans ces travaux, nous proposons d’examiner l’un de ces mécanismes, lescapacités dynamiques sensing (définies comme les aptitudes déployées par les firmes pour adapter lesroutines et capacités organisationnelles) et de l’opérationnaliser au travers de la capacité d’intelligencetechnologique.Par l’étude du déploiement de cette capacité au sein du Département, nous montrons en quoil’intelligence technologique est une capacité participant du processus d’apprentissage de la firme,déployée par les managers pour agir sur les processus de définition des Politiques Produits. Pouratteindre cet objectif, nous avons adopté une démarche de recherche-intervention (menée dans le cadred’une Convention Industrielle CIFRE) s’articulant en deux temps. Premièrement, nous montrons autravers de l’opérationnalisation de la capacité d’intelligence technologique au sein du Département quecette dernière sert les managers dans la définition des Politiques Produits. Deuxièmement, les résultatsdes études techniques menées pour ce déploiement contribuent à la compréhension des dynamiquesscientifiques et techniques du secteur avionique. / The understanding of the scientific dynamics of an environment, whether technological orcompetitive, occupies a predominant place in the discussion of adaption and survival of firms. In thecase of avionics, the upheaval in the 2000’s is the consequence of profound changes in its two mainsectors, aeronautics and electronics. This drove the Computer Department, part of the AvionicsDivision of Thales Group, to question its ability to handle these evolutions. In this thesis, we examineone of these mechanisms, the sensing dynamic capability (defined as the aptitudes deployed by firmsin order to adapt routines and organizational capabilities) and we put it into practice throughtechnological intelligence capability.By studying the deployment of this ability inside the Department, we show how technologicalintelligence contributes to the learning process of the firm, as it is used by managers in order toinfluence the selection process of Product Policy. In order to achieve this, we adopted a researchinterventionmethodology (with the support of an industrial agreement CIFRE) based on two steps.First of all, we show that through the operationalization of the technological intelligence ability in thedepartment, managers put the latter to use in the selection of product policies. Secondly, the results ofthe technical studies conducted for this deployment add to the understanding of the scientific andtechnological dynamics of the avionics sector.

Dans cette thèse nous avons tenté d’expliquer la performance des entreprises en se basant sur l’approche basée sur les ressources (RBV) et l’approche basée sur les capacités dynamiques (DCV),deux approches relevant de la théorie des ressources qui gagneraient à être intégrées. Pour aborder la problématique, nous avons développé deux axes de recherche : « La détention des ressources/capacités et la Performance » et « La gestion des ressources/capacités et la Performance ». Le premier modèle conceptuel a présenté les relations liant les différentes capacités opérationnelles à la performance. Le modèle conceptuel global a traité de la relation « Capacités opérationnelles – Environnement -Stratégie de diversification - Capacités dynamiques- Performance ». Notre posture épistémologique dans cette recherche se voulait positiviste. Au niveau des choix méthodologiques nous avons opté pour une démarche hypothético-déductive avec une approche quantitative basée sur des données secondaires collectées de la base de données française DIANE et des statistiques de l’INSEE, et pour évaluer les capacités nous avons eu recours à la méthode DEA. La première étude empirique a testé la relation capacités opérationnelles-performance sur quatre échantillons mono-sectoriels représentatifs de l’industrie manufacturière française : le secteur pharmaceutique, le secteur automobile, le secteur de la chimie et le secteur de l’habillement. La seconde étude empirique a testé le modèle mettant en relation les capacités opérationnelles, les capacités dynamiques, l’environnement et la diversification,sur la base d’un échantillon plurisectoriel regroupant les quatre secteurs. Les résultats ont permis de découvrir en premier lieu, l’importance de la capacité financière pour tous les secteurs, en deuxième lieu, le rôle modérateur de l’environnement et de la diversification et en troisième lieu l‘importance des capacités dynamiques d’apprentissage (d’absorption) et adaptative dans l’explication de la performance. Ces résultats peuvent servir les décisions managériales et l'action publique. / In this thesis we have tried to explain business performance based on the resource-based View (RBV) and the Dynamic capabilities View (DCV), two approaches within the resource-based theory (RBT)that benefits from being integrated. To address the problem, we have developed two main stream of research: "The detention of resources / capabilities and performance" and "The management of resources / capabilities and performance." The first conceptual model presented the relations linking the various operational capabilities to performance. The global conceptual model has focused the relation “Ordinary capabilities – Environment – Diversification strategy- Dynamic capabilities –Performance”. Our epistemological position in this research wished to be positivist. At the methodological level we opted for a hypothetical-deductive approach with a quantitative approach based on secondary data collected from the French database DIANE and INSEE statistics, and to evaluate capabilities we used the DEA method. The first empirical study that aims on “ordinary capabilities – performance” link, is based on four industries samples representing the French manufacturing industry: the pharmaceutical industry, the automotive industry, the chemical industry and the clothing industry. The second study tested the empirical model linking ordinary capabilities,dynamic capabilities, environment and diversification, based on a multisectorial sample comprising the four sectors. The results revealed first the importance of financial capability for all sectors, second the moderating role of the environment and the diversification and thirdly the magnitudes of dynamic learning (absorption) and adaptive capabilities in explaining performance. These results could serve managerial decisions and public policy.