[pt] O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso realizado a partir da análise da indústria fonográfica brasileira, entre o período de 1990 até 2010. Com base no que foi observado na revisão da literatura, a natureza da pesquisa é qualitativa. Foram realizadas 6 entrevistas com executivos das principais firmas multinacionais e nacionais da indústria (Som Livre, WEA, EMI, Universal, Sony, RCA, etc.). Por objetivo, busca-se identificar como as principais firmas da indústria fonográfica brasileira perceberam as turbulências do ambiente decorrentes da inovação tecnológica, como desenvolveram respostas a partir de suas capacidades dinâmicas e quais aprendizados e transformações ocorreram em um novo cenário da indústria. Foram considerados três momentos pelos quais a indústria fonográfica passou no recorte de tempo da pesquisa: mudança dos suportes de mídia, adoção de novos hardwares para reprodução e consumo de fonogramas e desintermediação dos processos, rotinas, produções, distribuições e consumo de fonogramas. Os resultados do estudo mostram que as mudanças tecnológicas apresentaram dois cenários distintos para a indústria fonográfica brasileira: os atores obtiveram grandes receitas com a nova tecnologia digital, ao mesmo tempo, em que as transformações, não previstas pela indústria, ocasionaram mudanças radicais, tanto no ambiente de negócio quanto, no ambiente tecnológico das firmas. Fato que gerou sérias consequências ao tradicional modelo de negócio de comercialização de fonogramas. Nesse sentido, o que pode ser destacado é uma inércia dos atores em relação às turbulências do ambiente. Com base nos achados foram elaboradas contribuições acadêmicas e sugestões para pesquisas futuras. / [en] The present work is a case study based on the analysis of the brazilian phonographic industry, between the period from 1990 to 2010. Based on what was observed in the literature review, the nature of the research is qualitative. Six interviews were carried out with executives from the multinational and national majors in the industry (Som Livre, WEA, EMI, Universal, Sony, RCA, etc.). By objective, this research seek to understand how the main companies of the Brazilian music industry perceived the turbulence of the environment resulting from technological innovation, how they developed responses from their dynamic capabilities and what learnings and transformations took place in a new industry scenario. Three moments were taken into account that the phonographic industry passed through in this period: change of media supports, adoption of new hardwares for reproduction and consumption of phonograms and disintermediation of processes, routines, productions, distributions and consumption of phonograms. The results of the study show that technological changes presented two different scenarios for the brazilian music industry: the actors obtained large revenues from the new digital technology, at the same time that the transformations, not foreseen by the industry, caused radical changes, both in the business and in the technological environment of firms. This fact has had serious consequences for the traditional business model of commercialization of phonograms. In this sense, what can be highlighted is an inertia of the actors in relation to the turbulence of the environment. Based on the findings, academic contributions and suggestions for future research were made.

There are four million voluntary attritions a month in the US. Many of these people choses to become freelance consultants (gig workers) working through digital gig platforms for better work-life balance. At the same time organizations requires a more flexible access to skills and competences to cope with an ever more dynamic business environment. This trend is also apparent in Europe. As people with the necessary skills and abilities is increasingly found on digital gig platforms, organizations must turn to these platforms to find needed competence. The act of hiring these digital gig workers through digital gig platforms are called crowdsourcing. The risks of crowdsourcing have mostly been studied from the perspective of gig workers and platform operator and there is a lack of understanding regarding the risk with crowdsourcing from the perspective of hiring organizations.       Our aim is to understand what risks organizations perceive with digital gig platforms and digital gig workers, and how organizations could mitigate the perceived risks by using a risk management framework. We conducted a qualitative case study around crowdsourcing as a process. Seven semi-structured interviews with mangers in organizations of various seize and industries were made. These interviews were supplemented with a document study of digital gig platform policies as these policies can reflect common concerns expressed by hiring organizations. Findings shows that there are several perceived organizational risks in crowdsourcing digital gig workers from digital gig platforms. The perceived risks can be categorized as HR, financial, market, operational, technological and supply chain types of risk. These types of risks can be either internal, external, or voluntary risks. The discussion revolves around where the different perceived organizational risks would fit within a risk management framework. The risks can be connected to all components of existing risk management frameworks. Our risk management model of crowdsourcing can be used as a heuristic tool for practitioners and contributes to theory by creating understanding of the risks with crowdsourcing from the perspective of organizations.

This thesis examines a process of innovation within a Swedish early-stage start-up company in the textile industry. The thesis describes and analyzes the case company’s intentions to create entrepreneurial value by reconfiguring its supply chain as one of its resources. Theories of dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial value creation and supply chain management are applied for analysis of the case company’s process of investigating how Blockchain technology can be applied to the company’s supply chain to create and enhance value for the company, its customers and suppliers. Topics of digitalization, Blockchain technology, supply chain management, entrepreneurial value creation and dynamic capabilities are covered as part of the discourse. The work in this thesis is qualitative and explorative and based on the study of one case company and its quest for creating entrepreneurial value by reconfiguring its supply chain. The study explores several potential ways for how entrepreneurial value can be created through process of innovation, e.g., by the application of Blockchain to a company’s supply chain. Although Blockchain has potential to create entrepreneurial value for the case company, it is not possible to predict if the benefits outweigh the costs, if the project is feasible in practice, if it is suitable for one company to undertake the project on its own or if collaboration and alliances are the way forward.

The publication-based dissertation investigates how to leverage corporate venturing units for the continuous stra- tegic renewal of established companies. It includes four self-contained research papers, from which three are de- veloped for publication in peer-reviewed academic journals, and one for publication as an academic teaching case study. The first paper uses the methodology of a systematic literature review to integrate different research streams of organizational ambidexterity, dynamic capabilities, and corporate venturing. As a result, it provides an inte- grated framework and identifies interlinked-ambidextrous corporate venturing units as a promising research av- enue for strategic corporate venturing. The second paper applies a multiple-case study approach to differentiate contemporary corporate venturing units from a strategic renewal perspective. As a result, it can provide a novel typology and suggest a first organizational framework for strategic corporate venturing. The third paper investi- gates the identified interlinked-ambidextrous corporate venturing units deeper through additional qualitative data collection and analysis. This results in a proposed organizational model of strategic corporate venturing with spe- cific organizational antecedents alongside process activities, dynamic capabilities and organizational interlinks as possible enablers, and ambidextrous orientation as a possible mediator to develop organizationally consequential new business. The fourth paper helps to apply these findings by describing the strategic renewal challenge of the digital scale-up Freeletics and leading through the organizational set-up of a suitable strategic corporate venturing project in the teaching note. To integrate all papers within one dissertation, they are framed with an introductory and concluding section. The introduction describes the overall need and motivation for the research and intro- duces the key theoretical concepts as well as the four research papers and their publication status. The concluding section provides theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations and future research opportunities across all included papers. Altogether, the dissertation enhances existing corporate venturing theory to better lev- erage the concept for strategic renewal and provides new insights into the establishing and application of dynamic capabilities and organizational ambidexterity in dedicated corporate venturing units.

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Studies on the internationalization of entrepreneurial firms have ignored women's entrepreneurship as a distinct research area before the 1970s. However, women's entrepreneurship started to get the attention of researchers a few decades ago and it is still in the adolescence stage. In addition, there is very little research on the internationalization of women entrepreneurial firms from emerging markets particularly those from Bangladesh. Researches that have been conducted on the challenges of Bengali women entrepreneurial firms often focused on the challenges of developing a business within the domestic context. The study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the challenges the women entrepreneurs in emerging markets are facing while growing a business within the international context, with a focus on Bangladeshi women entrepreneurial firms. This study was conducted using qualitative case studies using semi-structured interviews of three women entrepreneurial firms. The empirical findings show that two Bengali women entrepreneurs are involved with both inward and outward internationalization and one is involved with outward internationalization. The research identified networking as the greatest challenge faced by women entrepreneurs when it comes to internationalizing the business from an emerging market where insufficient funding is also another greatest obstacle. The findings also revealed that entrepreneurs should concentrate on expanding their knowledge and learning further in order to improve their skills and dynamic capacities, which is still insufficient and requires extensive effort to ensure the successful internationalization of the businesses. The findings also showed that Bangladesh is still lagging behind other developed economies in terms of digitalization and innovation. The smallness of the business also significantly affects the business activities when it comes to competing globally.

Background: Three mega trends are profoundly changing today’s market dynamics; climate change, digitalization, and globalization. The increasing interconnectivity and omnipresence of digital technologies are blurring the boundaries of the physical and virtual reality, implying a shift in how digital companies create value and internationalize. Also, new policies and higher customer demand in greener and smarter technologies have created new opportunities for value creation to develop cleaner technologies that foster the growth of clean-technology firms. To be competitive and persist in a sustainable and digital economy, firms must be able to cope with changing market conditions. Strategic agility can support to avoid rigidity and benefit from change, which is fostered by strong dynamic capabilities. Knowledge gaps: The study aims to address shortcomings of digital sustainability business models and specifically characterize the emerging sector of sustainable software companies offering Cleantech-as-a-Service applications. The international potential of these ventures recognizes the need to elaborate on internationalization drivers. The globally competitive environment enforces the need to be strategically agile, whereby applying agile principles to an international context can bring a comprehensive view of internationalizing digital sustainability ventures’ critical capabilities and business model characteristics. The study will also assert the role of collaborative ecosystems in an entrepreneurial internationalization. Purpose: This study will explore the emergence of Cleantech-as-a-Service and investigate how these digital entrepreneurs achieve strategic agility in global pivoting and competitive environments. Our exploratory research aims to apply agile principles to entrepreneurial internationalization strategies, where we through six in-depth interviews will discover the role of digital cleantech firms’ dynamic business models, capabilities, and ecosystems when entering a foreign market. Theoretical framework: The conceptual frame of references is based on two major sections where the first considers the context of digital and sustainable firms and exhibits the essences of digital and sustainable business model designs and how to sustain competitiveness through the interrelation of dynamic capabilities and strategic agility. In the second section the study brings forward theory supporting the exploration of an agile internationalization for digital firms, such as virtual markets and ecosystems. The key theoretical forthcomings are summarized into a conceptual framework that combines the role and interplay of entrepreneurs, business models, as well as networks and ecosystems on the basis of strategic agility and dynamic capabilities, that jointly foster an agile and virtual internationalization. Methodology: The interpretive research used an explorative and abductive approach to perform a qualitative multiple case design. The empirical study was based on six Cleantech-as-a-Service companies where in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with the informants of significant positions. The thematic and content data analysis supported the identification of common patterns and themes through coding which guided the subsequent analysis chapter. Findings: Our study revealed characteristics and success factors of Cleantech-as-a-Service ventures operating on global volatile markets, which adopt a leagile approach. The findings supported a definition of the concept but also identified the dynamic capabilities and flexible business models leveraged to sustain international competitive agility. The key agile capabilities relate to networking, experimenting, and learning whereas business model characteristics confer resiliency, interdependency, and efficiency.

The car retailing industry is currently undergoing a significant transformation. This transformation is due to the automotive industry switching from producing internal combustion engines vehicles to battery electric vehicles. The retailing industry need to transform, like the rest of the automotive industry, and their most essential asset is the customer relationship. This transformation is affecting several aspects of car retailing, with many revenue streams being diluted, or disappearing completely by the emergence of battery electric vehicles. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate current industry transformations and evaluate how car retailers can develop innovative value offerings to manage industry changes proactively. Results have emerged by examining theory connected to digital transformation, customer-centricity and dynamic capabilities, combined with 25 interviews with customers, industry stakeholders and internal personal at the case company, Börjessons Bil. These include that customer behaviors have changed immensely, that digitalization drives transparency and that retailers require new revenue streams within the service industries. Based on these results two value offering concepts were developed: - An internal loyalty program, based on customer lifetime value calculations, providing customers with perks and benefits, while giving Börjessons Bil strengthened relationships and more data. - A business to consumer subscription service, which bundles many services connected to mobility, such as tire switching and windscreen repairs, into one package deal. This concept will provide customers with a more effortless vehicle owning experience. / Bilhandelsindustrin genomgår för närvarande en omfattande transformation. Denna berörs till stor del av att bilindustrin håller på att ändras från att producera bilar med förbränningsmotorer till elbilar. Bilhandelsindustrin behöver förändras, precis som den generella bilindustrin, och bilhandelns mest värdefulla tillgång är relationen till deras kunder. Transformationen påverkar flera delar av bilhandeln och många omsättningsmöjligheter vattnas ur eller försvinner totalt genom införandet av elbilar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka aktuella branschförändringar och utvärdera hur bilhandlare kan utveckla innovativa värdeerbjudanden för att hantera industriförändringar proaktivt. Resultat har framkommit genom att undersöka teori kopplat till kundfokusering, digital transformation, och dynamiska förmågor, kombinerat med 25 intervjuer med kunder, intressenter inom industrin samt intern personal på Börjessons Bil. Dessa intygar att kunder har förändrats avsevärt de senaste 10 åren, att digitalisering är en drivkraft för transparens samt att bilhandlare behöver skapa nya omsättningsmöjligheter inom serviceindustrin. Baserat på resultaten har två koncept på värdeerbjudanden utvecklats: - Ett internt lojalitetsprogram, baserat på kundens livstidsvärde, som ger kunden bonusar samt andra fördelar, samtidigt som det ger Börjessons Bil förbättrade kundrelationer och mer data. - En prenumerationstjänst för service industrin, som paketerar åtskilliga tjänster kopplat till mobilitet, så som däckbyte och vindrutereparationer, till ett paket. Detta koncept kommer att förse kunden med en smidigare upplevelse av att äga en bil.

<p>This thesis examines <em>dynamic IT capabilities:</em> firms’ abilities to integrate, build, and reconfigure information technology resources concurrently with organizational business process and managerial processes in pursuit of performance advantages in a changing or uncertain environment. Research in dynamic IT capabilities has increased with the recognition that organizational survival and growth requires organizational change to resolve a range of management challenges that emerge over time. In prior research, specific constructs of dynamic IT capabilities have been the subject of independent empirical investigation. This has resulted in conflicting conceptualizations of dynamic capabilities that obfuscate theoretical definition, empirical grounding and measurement. We seek to contribute conceptual coherence to the discourse on dynamic IT capabilities in three respects. First, we advance a theoretical framework to tease apart the common versus idiosyncratic elements of firms’ dynamic capabilities to <em>exploit</em> IT in practice. Our empirical findings serve to integrate conflicting (common versus idiosyncratic) conceptualizations of dynamic IT capabilities. Second, we advance a theoretical framework of firms’ dynamic capabilities to <em>explore</em> for IT innovations that are likely to improve firm performance. To that end we examine CIOs’ use of external advice networks to mindfully identify rewarding IT innovations. In so doing we clarify the concept of mindfulness. We find mindful external advice seeking is atypical in practice, contrary to assumptions of the technology diffusion and institutional literatures. Our empirical findings elucidate the significance of IT governance in motivating mindful search for rewarding IT innovations. Third, we demonstrate the importance of qualitative and configurational methodologies in investigating such complex phenomena as dynamic IT capabilities. We also propose promising future research directions, theoretical grounding and analytical techniques that, by building on the concepts advanced in this study, can further advance our understanding of how firms acquire and realize dynamic IT capabilities in support of sustained performance advantages.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)