Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:30:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Wolowski Kenski.pdf: 834953 bytes, checksum: 834b9a918736078741723efd903bb181 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-16 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Small technology-based startup companies need to obtain a set of resources to establish themselves in the market and obtain a competitive advantage. They usually draw on external sources of support and financing to obtain these resources. This research is about startups which drew on the Innovative Program for the Small Enterprise (PIPE), granted and managed by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). The goal is to analyze the way they developed a competitive advantage, the strategies they adopted and the importance of PIPE in this process. The research investigates the starting conditions, the evolution with the new resources and the situation that ensued from the creation of the competitive advantage. Ten companies were studied through a simple qualitative research based on interviews with their managers. The results show that the performances varies with the resources obtained by partners in the company s early days and with the capabilities to search the remaining resources and harmonically integrate them to the existing ones. They also show the positive influence of PIPE in obtaining the required resources and generating competitive advantages. / As pequenas empresas de base tecnológica em início de operação necessitam completar um conjunto de recursos para conseguir se estabelecer no mercado e obter uma vantagem competitiva. Elas em geral recorrem a fontes externas de apoio ou financiamento para suprir essa necessidade. Essa pesquisa trata de empresas que recorreram ao Programa Inovativo da Pequena Empresa (PIPE) concedido e administrado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). O objetivo é o de analisar a forma como desenvolveram vantagens competitivas, as estratégias adotadas e a importância do PIPE nesse processo. São apresentadas as condições de partida, a evolução com os recursos aportados e a situação posterior à criação da vantagem competitiva. Dez empresas foram estudadas por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa simples baseada em entrevistas com seus dirigentes. Os resultados mostram que os desempenhos variam de acordo com os recursos trazidos pelos sócios ainda na fundação e com as capacidades de buscar recursos faltantes e integrá-los de forma harmônica aos já existentes. Os resultados mostram uma influência positiva do PIPE no processo de completar os recursos e gerar uma vantagem competitiva.

Submitted by Alex Moraes Lopes Fernandes Leite (alexmfl@gmail.com) on 2013-07-23T04:08:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação vFinal.pdf: 2115422 bytes, checksum: 3109d300779cd09ae6078d64fecc8b7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-07-23T12:45:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação vFinal.pdf: 2115422 bytes, checksum: 3109d300779cd09ae6078d64fecc8b7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-23T13:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação vFinal.pdf: 2115422 bytes, checksum: 3109d300779cd09ae6078d64fecc8b7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / A capacidade das empresas multinacionais (EMN) de se adaptar às oportunidades e ameaças de seus mercados é um dos fatores estratégicos de maior importância na dinâmica dos negócios atuais. Essa necessidade de adaptação não se restringe apenas aos países desenvolvidos, mas também aos países emergentes. Nesse contexto faz-se necessário a compreensão da estratégia de empresas multinacionais dos países emergentes através do estudo das capacidades dinâmicas e de seus modelos de gestão. Assim este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar o desenvolvimento e a transferência das capacidades dinâmicas entre matriz e subsidiárias. Serviu como fundamento teórico deste estudo, a visão baseada em recursos, a ambidestralidade das organizações (exploration x explotation), as capacidades dinâmicas e os modelos estratégicos de gestão de EMNs. A definição escolhida para as capacidades dinâmicas, “habilidades sistemáticas da organização de integrar, construir e reconfigurar suas competências organizacionais de acordo com as ameaças e oportunidades do mercado”, serviu como base para toda a pesquisa. Em termos metodológicos foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, através de estudo de caso único como método de pesquisa. Após definição de alguns critérios (EMNs brasileiras, setor de tecnologia, mais de uma subsidiária e atuação em diversos segmentos) para definição da organização a ser estudada, optou-se pela escolha da empresa Alpha. A coleta de dados sobre a Alpha foi baseada em múltiplas fontes, através de informações secundárias e entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com pessoas chaves da organização para investigar de forma direta os processos, competências e recursos existentes na organização. Foram encontradas duas capacidades dinâmicas na Alpha: “processo de desenvolvimento de software” e “desenvolvimento de novos serviços”. A primeira CD está presente na matriz e nas subsidiarias. Sua transferência se deu de maneira integral a todas as subsidiárias e teve como fatores antecedentes à integração e o contexto competitivo. A segunda CD está presente somente na matriz e teve como principais fatores antecedentes a orientação empreendedora e as iniciativas. Sua transferência não ocorreu para qualquer subsidiária. Após a análise dos resultados pôde-se concluir que as duas capacidades dinâmicas, em especial a CD processo de desenvolvimento de software, é geradora de vantagem competitiva para a Alpha. / The ability of multinational corporations (MNCs) to adapt to the opportunities and threats of their markets is one of the most important strategic factors in the dynamics of today's businesses. This necessity for adaptation is not only restricted to developed countries, but also to emerging countries. In this context it is necessary to understand the strategy of multinational corporations from emerging countries through the study of dynamic capabilities and their management models. Thus, this study aimed at analyzing the development and transference of dynamic capabilities parent and subsidiaries. Supporting the theoretical foundation of this study, the resource-based view, the ambidextrous’ organizations (exploration x explotation), dynamic capabilities and strategic management models MNCs. The definition chosen for the dynamic capabilities, 'the systematic organization ability to integrate, build and reconfigure their organizational competencies according to the threats and opportunities of the market,' served as the basis for all the research. In terms of methodology was used a qualitative approach, through a single case study as a research method. After setting some criteria (MNCs Brazilian technology sector, more than a subsidiary and operations in various segments) to define the organization which would be studied, it has been decided by the company Alpha. Data collection was based on multiple sources through secondary information and in-depth interviews conducted with key people in the organization to investigate directly the processes, abilities and resources in the organization. Two dynamic capabilities were found: 'software development process' and 'development of new services.' The first DC is present at parent and subsidiaries. The DC’s transfer was completely made to all subsidiaries and had as background factors integration and competitive context. The second DC is present only in the parent and had as main background factors and entrepreneurial orientation initiatives. The transfer did not occur to any subsidiary. After analyzing the results it was concluded that the two dynamic capabilities, in particular the DC process of software development, is generating competitive advantage for Alpha.

台灣國內市場小，出口是台灣產業重要發展方向，故全球市場是台灣發展經濟重要的舞台。然而，台灣企業無論是全球主流型企業或是全球利基型企業都鮮少做到在尖端基礎科學、科技領域擁有領先的核心技術，成為該產業的領導者。 在全球激烈的競爭下，台灣企業經營者思維停留在只要繼續獲得大量的訂單，即可以保住獲利，但是台灣企業無法根本性地壓低成本，維持產品價格競爭力，去面對全球性的競爭。 本研究試圖探討京瓷、日本航空、艾訊、研華科技、崇友實業與歐洲三間公司的阿米巴經營管理實施情境，進行台灣企業導入阿米巴經營管理的可行性分析，並參照京瓷打造阿米巴組織的方式與稻盛和夫導入阿米巴經營管理至日本航空的成功案例，從中剖析導入阿米巴經營管理的台灣企業應用上產生之問題並提出適合導入阿米巴經營管理制度的台灣企業特性。 研究發現台灣企業應用上產生問題的原因有兩點，第一點為台灣企業對於阿米巴經營管理運作方式的理解程度較不足，才會產生類阿米巴的運作方式以及將阿米巴組織變動的特性視為矩陣式組織的現象；第二點為台灣的國家文化導致台灣企業長久存在的經營現象，企業認為設立較多組織階層有助於主管指揮與控制員工行為，故阿米巴領導者容易由中高階主管擔任，企業對於財務資訊的揭露仍顯得保守，因此導入阿米巴經營管理容易產生無法讓員工了解公司經營現況。 依據上述問題，分析出適合導入阿米巴經營管理的企業特性——企業領導者能將利他與為了達成崇高目標不斷地努力工作直到成功之想法注入員工思維之台灣企業、內部能精準實施阿米巴經營管理會計制度之台灣企業、資訊系統的運作能導入市場機制的台灣企業及給予員工優於勞動市場薪酬之台灣企業。 然而，真正使阿米巴經營運作得以成功的先決條件還是在於企業本身是否重視員工價值以及企業是否給予能解決艱困挑戰的員工高額薪資，員工在物質條件與心靈精神受到滿足後，為了報答公司而努力工作，才能讓企業在尖端技術領域不斷地進行攻堅與突破、在營運流程中降低不必要的費用。 / Due to the small size of Taiwan’s domestic market, exports play an important role in Taiwan’s economy. However, with limited access to core technologies, Taiwanese enterprises that excel in developing business overseas as global mainstream or niche companies rarely become top players in their respective industries. Moreover, owners of these Taiwanese enterprises tend to rely on bulk orders from overseas clients to gain corporate profits and sustain global competitiveness, but are unlikely to maintain product or service competitiveness in the global market because of failure in fundamental cost reduction. This study investigates the practice of the Amoeba Management System (AMS) when applied to Axiomtek, Advantech, Golden Friends Corporation, and three European companies. By comparing the scenario of Kazuo Inamori’s AMS in Kyocera Corporation and how he applied it to Japan Airlines with the scenario of implementing the AMS in the said Taiwanese (i.e., Axiomtek, Advantech, and Golden Friends Corporation) and European companies while analyzing the problems arising from the implementation in these companies, the study finally identifies the characteristics of Taiwanese companies that are suitable for adopting the AMS. The study findings reveal that the implementation of AMS is effective in four types of Taiwanese enterprises: (1) enterprises whose owners motivate employees toward achieving corporate goals, (2) enterprises that adequately apply the AMS to their accounting management systems, (3) enterprises that apply a market-based approach to developing their enterprise resource planning systems, and (4) enterprises that provide employees with competitive salaries and benefits packages.

Changes take place every day in business and society. Some are relatively slow like for example changes related to globalization, demographics, and the environment. Other changes related to technology can be faster and more disruptive. Some events, like the Covid-19 pandemic, are especially disruptive and may trigger rapid changes with extensive impact. Regardless of the change it is valuable for organizations to be able to adapt. The public sector is now challenged by increasing cost pressures, an ageing population, new demands from various groups as well as new workforce requirements and this creates a need for transformation. Previous research with regards to transformation capability focused on concepts like dynamic capabilities, organizational ambidexterity, organizational change capacity, organizational change competence, or organizational agility but there seem to be a lack of studies of the concept specifically related to the public sector. In addition, a recent study by the Swedish Agency for Work Environment Expertise concluded that the research area is fragmented and that it lacks studies on how employees can contribute to organizational change competence. The purpose of this thesis was thus to investigate how transformation capability of public sector organizations can be improved from an employee- or actor perspective. To explore the research question a qualitative and explorative method was used. Theoretical literature related to transformation as well as transformation capability, was used to build knowledge around the study topic. Two different surveys with open-ended questions were used to collect data from the Swedish public sector organization selected for the study. The first survey was used as a probe to build some initial understanding of transformation practice in the organization. The second one focused specifically on how different actors could contribute to improve transformation capability. The results gave a good general overview of how the transformation capability can be improved from different actor perspectives related to the organization. By using the results together with the existing theoretical frameworks of transformation capability a new more people-centric model of transformation capability was proposed and used to explore ways of improvement. The conclusion was that transformation capability of public sector organizations can be improved by leveraging the performance measures, the actors, the process, the culture/mindset, and the technology that are involved in transformation work. A proactive, collaborative and cross-organizational approach to improvement of transformation capability over time should decrease the risk for negative effects from future disruptions and create a more viable and sustainable organization.

Bakgrund: Covid-19 pandemin slog emot världen i början av 2020 och har påverkat marknaden kraftigt. Hela länder har genomfört restriktioner och nedstängningar till viss del, vilket har lett till stora problem för SMEs som är en av de mest utsatta grupperna. Att hantera risker som uppstår under kriser är av stor vikt för företag, inte minst SMEs, som EUs marknad till 99 procent består av. Diskussioner gällande dynamiska förmågor och möjligheten att nyttja dessa för att anpassa sig till en förändrad marknad är därav väldigt aktuell. Syfte: Syftet med studien ämnar till att skapa förståelse och bygga en uppfattning om hur riskhantering och dynamiska förmågor inom företag kan kombineras för att hantera kriser. Därtill ämnar studien analysera huruvida en kris eller en stor händelse leder till en organisations lärande och förändring. Genomförande: Studien genomfördes genom en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie, där vi undersökte fem fallföretag genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Alla intervjupersoner hade en högt uppsatt position inom företagen och hade därmed en god överblick i styrningen och strategin. Urvalet av både fallföretag samt dess intervjupersoner skedde målstyrt med ett heterogent urval. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det finns en tydlig avsaknad av riskhantering hos SMEs och att detta till största del beror på resursbrist samt tidsbrist. Alla svarande företag lyfter att de har klarat sig bra till följd av de snabba beslutsprocesserna, flexibiliteten och närheten inom organisationen, vilka kan klassas som dynamiska förmågor. Lika viktigt är lärdomarna och erfarenheten företagen har samlat på sig under krisens framfart, men framförallt medvetenheten den har skapat hos företagen. / Background: The Covid-19 pandemic struck the world in the beginning of 2020 and have had a major effect on the market. Countries have implemented extensive restrictions and to some extent lock downs, which has led to issues for SMEs that are one of the most vulnerable types of businesses. Managing the risks that arise during a crisis is of huge importance for companies, not the least SMEs, that make up 99 percent of EUs market. Discussions regarding dynamic capabilities and the opportunity to use these to adapt to the marketchange, is therefore a current subject. Purpose: The purpose of the study aims to create understanding and gain knowledge in regard to how risk management and dynamic capabilities within companies can be combined to deal with crises. It further aims to analyse whether a crisis or major event will lead to organizational learning and change. Completion: The study was conducted as a qualitative multi-case study, where we investigated five case businesses through semistructured interviews. All respondents held a high position within the company and had a good overview and knowledge of the strategy and management of the business. The selection was goal-oriented, and both the case companies and their respondents were a heterogeneous selection. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that there is a clear absence of risk management in SMEs which largely depend on resource scarcity and lack of time. All answering companies highlight that they have managed well due to the quick decision-making process, the flexibility and the proximity within the organisation, which can be categorized as dynamic capabilities. Equally important is the knowledge and experience the companies have gathered during the crisis, but above all the increasing awareness it has created within the companies.

This thesis examines dynamic capabilities and leadership in a Swedish social sustainability-oriented housing project during the unprecedented 2020-2021 COVID-19 business disruption. It employs a descriptive case study approach, investigating the organization’s ability to innovate in the face of the pandemic. Sweden’s related health regulations required adaptations through digital transformation, the adoption of social and physical distancing policies and program testing and measurement delays. Dynamic capabilities literature emphasizes the role of innovation amid disruption, offering a useful analytical framework for examining organizations’ evolutionary fitness. Organizations whose core business incorporates societal needs to promote social sustainability are unusually challenged to deliver services and social programs during a pandemic that limits or extinguishes physical and social interactions. To meet this extraordinary disruption, social sustainability-oriented organizations such as the object of the study must rapidly innovate. Adapting an existing dynamic capabilities framework to analyze the housing organization, this study finds leadership to be crucial to identify, build, and deploy organizational dynamic capabilities for innovation to address such challenges. The study contributes to the existing literature by developing a framework that provides clear connections between leaders, external micro and macro environments, customer value creation and organizational dynamic capabilities. Leaders who can adapt and help their organizations evolve are demonstrated to be an essential capability when dealing with disruptions to social innovations.

La thèse porte sur les pratiques d'expérimentation d'affaires, déployées au sein des organisations. Le contexte est caractérisé par la transformation digitale qui permet de déployer plus aisément les expérimentations que par le passé. Le cadre théorique choisi est celui des capacités marketing adaptatives (Day, 2011)Notre travail a pour objectif d'expliquer ce qui permet l'émergence d'une pratique d'expérimentation puis de montrer les conséquences de l’utilisation de l’expérimentation sur l’organisation, en particulier les conséquences en termes de changement de culture et de montée en compétences. Dès lors, nous nous intéressons aux processus d'apprentissage ayant lieu au niveau des équipes et de l'organisation lors des pratiques d'expérimentation.A partir d'entretiens exploratoires d'experts et de deux cas d'entreprise nous mettons en évidence la construction d'une capacité marketing adaptative.Notre contribution réside dans la mise en évidence de la culture de test, de la culture entrepreneuriale ainsi que la gestion de l'ensemble des niveaux d'apprentissage pour développer une capacité marketing adaptative. / We have studied the practice of business experiments inside organizations. Digital transformation makes business experiments practices much easier than they used to be. We have chosen adaptive marketing capabilities (Day, 2011) as our reference frame.Our goal is to describe what enables business experiments and to show the consequences of business experiments practices inside organizations. We have focused especially on cultural change and capabilities improvement. Therefore, we have worked on learning processes occuring during business experiments at a team level and also at an organizational level.Based on exploratory interviews and two business cases, we have brought into relief the building process of an adaptive marketing capability.Our contribution consists of the description of the building of an adaptive marketing capability, through test culture, entrepreneurial culture and the management of the whole learning levels.

In 2015, United Nations implemented seventeen Sustainable Development Goals along with 169 sub-targets with the ambition to transform the world through achieving sustainable development and, hence annihilate poverty. In light of the foregoing, both authoritative and non-governmental entities accentuated the significance of ‘financial inclusion’ which, in turn, has developed into an evangelical advocacy reminiscent of the extensive publicity that microfinance received at the end of last century which, in turn, has led to an unprecedented passion among philanthrocapitalists, transnational corporations, and other benefactors to financially and socially assist the impoverished. In order to attain the objectives enforced by the United Nations, it is essential to elevate the people located at the bottom of the social hierarchy by minimizing the wealth and gender inequalities that exist. By providing women with equal access to education, job opportunities, financial resources, and representation in economic and political decision- making processes, both domestic and international prosperity will follow. Upon providing access to microfinancial services, microfinance institutions and similar entities have developed into essential tools for empowering women. Academic evidence has previously illustrated a positive association between the probability of accessing these services and the possession of an adequate understanding of economic knowledge – financial literacy. However, the underlying mechanisms of financial literacy and their possible connections to the access of microfinance are complex processes that often have been neglected in current academia. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the significant factors of financial literacy and examine how they interplay with the access to microfinancial activities. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to answer the following research question. How does financial literacy favor women’s access to microfinancial services in developing countries? In order to obtain a greater insight into the subject matter, this paper utilizes a single-case study of Hand in Hand Eastern Africa’s operations in Kenya. The empirical findings presented in this qualitative study were collected through semi-structured interviews with managers working on both a local and nationwide level. Upon analyzing the findings, the authors found support in the argument that it is essential for an individual to be financially literate in order to obtain microfinancial services such as microcredit, microinsurance, and loans in kind. Although external forces in the form of social capital, social learning, and dynamic capabilities do not impact the access to microfinance directly, the empirical evidence indicated that an indirect influence on financial literacy exists. A myriad of previous academia has gravitated to emphasize the correlation between financial literacy and women empowerment rather than justifying the association through the examination of the underlying mechanisms. Hence, this thesis should provide valuable acumen about the elements of financial literacy and how they influence the microfinancial machinery as well as women’s socio-cultural and economic empowerment.

Technological advancements have altered all aspects of human life, undeniably impacting all domains of commercial entities. Current digital technologies have the most pre-eminent influence on the supply chain management of corporations, irrespective of their diverse industry and operations. Remarkably, emerging markets with rapid economic growth, becoming appealing for foreign investments, are transmuting their supply chains with innovative hi-tech for smooth, effective, and efficient business processes and operations.The commencement of supply chain alterations in developed countries for facilitating international business has been part of various erstwhile studies that need more information on emerging markets. This thesis contributes to the prevailing research concerning the cited phenomenon by pursuing and expounding the answers to the research questions; "Considering the challenges and opportunities, how do digital technologies (blockchain, Cloud, IoT, AI) affect supply chain management and logistics in emerging markets?" and "What role does the supply chain's digital transformation play for businesses operating in emerging markets engaged in international business?".Fundamentally, the prime purpose of this research is to provide in-depth comprehension regarding the impending gratuities of supply chain revolutions availed by emergent markets expediting their international business with significant hindrances in the process. Also, this study uses a modified theoretical framework created under the idea of dynamic capabilities theory by Teece (2007) to illustrate the pertinent concepts. Furthermore, qualitative case studies of the syndicates from countries Iran, Pakistan and Bangladesh were conducted through semistructured interviews using an inductive approach under the interpretive methodology concept.The study demonstrates that despite market and industry, human errors and manual processes resulting in extra cost, time and energy limiting a firm's overall capacity have been the crucial challenges optimised by supply chain renovations. Lastly, the research provides the theoretical and managerial implications to define the topic in future regarding comparative analysis across industries and mitigating risks in international supply chains due to hi-tech, along with future recommendations.

This publication-based dissertation examines the phenomenon of incumbent adaptation to changing environments with a dynamic capabilities perspective. Its core consists of four research papers that are self-contained and have been developed to be published in double-blind peer-reviewed academic journals. This intellectual body is framed with an introduction (Section 1) that introduces the current state of research on dynamic capabilities, summarizes the four research papers, and presents the current publication status of the work; the concluding Section 6 presents the overall contributions, limitations, and avenues for future research. The first research paper (Section 2) is a systematic literature review of empirical studies that identify idiosyncratic dynamic capabilities in practice. Its main finding is a taxonomy of dynamic capabilities that introduces 19 dynamic subcapabilities and connects them to existing conceptual literature. The second research paper (Section 3) is a longitudinal single case study of Axel Springer, a leading media corporation that has exercised dynamic capabilities to convert from a print publisher to an internet company. The study finds iterations, overlaps, and interconnections between sensing, seizing, and transforming. Based on the findings, a generalized conceptual model for dynamic capabilities in incumbent adaptation is constructed. For the third research paper (Section 4) an action research approach is applied to explore how managers’ mental models can engender erroneous resource cognition. The study discovers five cognitive biases that may distort resource cognition. The fourth research paper (Section 5) is a teaching case study building on the strategic challenge for Somedia, a Swiss media firm, to diversify from its declining legacy business by leveraging its resources and capabilities. This publication-based dissertation enhances the understanding of incumbent adaptation and presents applicable implications and recommendations for practitioners.