Test Driven Development (TDD), Model-Driven Development (MDD), and Test Case Generation with their associated practices and tools each in their own right promise to deliver robust higher quality code more economically then other approaches. These process are not mutually exclusive but are not typically used together. This thesis develops a combined approach using complimentary aspects of each of the above three process. Test cases are described, generated, and then injected back into the model, which is then used to produce the test and production code. We have enhanced a model-driven tool to support the approach, adding a test case generator, capable of understanding augmented MDD software model and utilizing the constraints captured in our test-centric language to generate model-level test cases back into the model. Our results show that, with a reduction in overall effort one can produce a tested model-based system in which its test and implementation for multiple platforms such as C and Java, using one of multiple test xUnit frameworks.

Les émotions sont toutes différentes et différemment perçues par chacun de nous. A une certaine intensité il est indispensable de les réguler car elles peuvent perturber notre corps, nos pensées, et nos actes. Ainsi, si le ressenti est indispensable à notre équilibre personnel, la régulation de ce dernier l’est également. Mais certaines pathologies peuvent léser ce réseau émotionnel basé sur l’interaction entre ressenti et régulation. Actuellement l’évaluation des émotions repose majoritairement sur nos capacités à les reconnaitre ou à les exprimer. Et, même si les capacités de régulation émotionnelle sont de plus en plus sources d’intérêt, elles sont actuellement mesurées hors contexte émotionnel et par le biais d’échelles auto-rapportées, ce qui comporte un certain nombre de biais. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’élaborer, de standardiser, et d’étalonner un test basé sur une tâche d’estimation temporelle permettant d’évaluer le ressenti émotionnel et la régulation de ce dernier au moment où l’émotion a lieu. Notre but est de fournir au clinicien un outil de mesure des émotions afin de mettre en évidence la présence de certains troubles actuellement non évalués. Nous espérons qu’une mise en évidence de ces troubles permettra par la suite une réflexion sur les possibilités de prise en charge, et par conséquent, une amélioration de la qualité de vie des patients souffrant de troubles de ce type. / Emotions are all different, and the emotional experience varies from one person to another. It is essential to regulate our emotions because, at certain intensities, they can disrupt our body, our thoughts and our actions. Thus, emotion regulation is as essential to our personal balance as emotional experience. But certain diseases can damage the emotional network, and disrupt the interaction between emotional experience and emotion regulation. Currently the assessment of emotions is mainly based on tasks testing our ability to recognize or express them. And, even if emotion regulation capabilities are increasingly a matter of interest, they are currently measured outside any emotional context and through self-report scales, which have a number of biases. The objective of this thesis is to develop, standardize and validate a test based on a time estimation task to assess the emotional experience and emotion regulation when the emotion occurs. Our goal is to provide clinicians with a new tool to measure emotions, in order to ascertain, therefore improving the quality of life of patients suffering from these disorders the presence of certain disorders which are currently not evaluated by existing tests. We hope that highlighting the presence of these disorders will help to work on the possibilities of care and support.

The TAT protocols of 30 sexually abused female children and 30 female children with no documented history of abuse were analyzed using the Scoring Scheme for the TAT and Other Verbal Projective Techniques (Fine, 1955). No significant differences were found between groups on mean number of negative feelings portraited in the TAT stories. Similarly, no significant differences were found between groups on mean number of unfavorable outcomes to TAT stories. However, when specific feelings were considered, subjects in the sexual abuse group showed a significantly higher incidence of reference to guilt and sexuality. These results were independent of age, race, and intelligence.

A test for independence and identical distribution of functional observations is proposed in this thesis. To reduce dimension, curves are projected on the most important functional principal components. Then a test statistic based on lagged cross--covariances of the resulting vectors is constructed. We show that this dimension reduction step introduces asymptotically negligible terms, i.e. the projections behave asymptotically as iid vector--valued observations. A complete asymptotic theory based on correlations of random matrices, functional principal component expansions, and Hilbert space techniques is developed. The test statistic has chi-square asymptotic null distribution. Two inferential tests for error correlation in the functional linear model are put forward. To construct them, finite dimensional residuals are computed in two different ways, and then their autocorrelations are suitably defined. From these autocorrelation matrices, two quadratic forms are constructed whose limiting distributions are chi--squared with known numbers of degrees of freedom (different for the two forms). A test for detecting a change point in the mean of functional observations is developed. The null distribution of the test statistic is asymptotically pivotal with a well-known asymptotic distribution. A comprehensive asymptotic theory for the estimation of a change--point in the mean function of functional observations is developed. The procedures developed in this thesis can be readily computed using the R package fda. All theoretical insights obtained in this thesis are confirmed by simulations and illustrated by real life-data examples.

Les methodes de test de microprocesseurs sont passées en revue et les caractéristiques et l'environnement de test propres à l'usager sont définis. Une methode de test s'appuyant sur une description comportementale des microprocesseurs est proposée; elle se décompose en un test de conformité, Le test de balayage et un test des signaux complémentaires. Un équipement de test expérimental à permis de prouver l'efficacité de l'approche sur des lots de microprocesseurs (MC6800)

<p>Ericsson has a very big and expensive test environment with a lot of GSM AXE equipment. In order to decrease the cost of testing Ericsson has developed a combination of simulated and real hardware, the Hybrid Test Environment (HTE). There is no formal supervision and testing of the HTE system today and this has left the HTE system unstable and the testers have been avoiding using HTE. It is important for Ericsson that the confidence for HTE will increase. The goal of this thesis is to produce a method for testing the HTE system. An automated test tool has been implemented in order to monitor and test the HTE system. During the two weeks that the test tool has been operational it has discovered 4 servers in 3 different HTE rigs that malfunctioned. These servers were fixed and were operational before the end-users could discover any problem.</p>

<p>Antalet kretskort som monteras i multikortssystem, till exempel telekommunikationssystem, ökar ständigt. Samtidigt som ytmonteringstekniken och packningstekniken blir allt bättre utvecklas även tillverkningsmetoderna för olika integrerade komponenter, vilket medför att varje kretskort rymmer allt fler integrerade komponenter. Detta gör att testning av integrerade komponenter och multikortsystem blir alltmer komplex. En förutsättning för att kunna genomföra effektiv testning är standarder. Standarder över hur testning ska genomföras medför att en komponent som uppfyller kraven från en standard är direkt utbytbar mot en komponent från en annan tillverkare som uppfyller kraven från samma standard. En god standard bidrar även till att utvecklingen drivs åt samma håll istället för att varje tillverkare har sin egen lösning och ett eget gränssnitt, vilket dessutom leder till att ett antal olika gränssnittsomvandlare behövs för att koppla samman olika komponenter. Internal Joint Test Action Group (IJTAG) arbetar just nu med att ta fram en standard för inbäddade testinstrument på mikronivå. De inbäddade instrumenten kan stödja karaktärisering av komponenter likväl som strukturell och funktionell testning. På makronivå arbetar System Joint Test Action Group (SJTAG) med att ta fram en standard för testadministration. Den främsta uppgiften är att koppla samman IJTAG-standarden med systemtestadministrationen. Behovet av ett kommunikationsprotokoll mellan dessa båda är stort. I denna rapport utvärderas Standard Test and Programming Language (STAPL) i syfte att se hur det passar som länk mellan testmanager och inbäddade instrument. Vidare identifieras ett antal brister i STAPL och ett förslag på en vidareutveckling av språket tas fram. Denna vidareutveckling syftar till att göra språket mer dynamiskt och passande för inbäddad testning via Boundary-Scan-protokollet. Slutligen implementeras en demonstrator som består av mjukvara som exekveras på en PC och en Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) som tjänar som testobjekt.</p>

<p><em><strong>Bakgrund:</strong></em> Efter införandet av IFRS har det förekommit en del förändringar gentemot tidigare redovisnings regler i Sverige. Från och med 1 januari år 2005 skall alla börsbolag gå över till IFRS 3 <em>Business Combinations</em>. Detta innebär att goodwill inte får skrivas av så som det gjorts tidigare. Nu mer måste det årligen ske ett Impairment test av goodwill för att undersöka om det föreligger ett nedskrivningsbehov.Diskonteringsräntan används vid impairment test av goodwill och är en viktig faktor vid nuvärdesberäkningar av kassaflöden.</p><p><strong><em>Problem:</em></strong> Noterade börsbolag utför ett <em>impairment test</em> av goodwill, vilket görs för att undersöka om nedskrivning av goodwill är aktuellt eller inte. Diskonteringsräntan är en viktig faktor vid Impairment test. Trots detta test utför inte de flesta företag nedskrivningar.</p><p>Varför gör inte företag några nedskrivningar kan det bero på att en praxis utvecklats?</p><p>Hur bestämmer företag diskonteringsräntan och varför, vilka är dess komponenter? </p><p><strong><em>Syfte:</em></strong> Med denna undersökning är att beskriva systematiskt hur företag tar fram sina valda diskonteringsräntor för omprövning av goodwill, kan detta bero på en praxisutveckling eller av andra omständigheter. Vi vill även undersöka vilka metoder företag använder sig för att ta fram dess diskonteringsränta samt dess komponenter.</p><p><strong><em>Metod:</em></strong> Undersökningen i denna uppsats har främst utgått från en kvantitativ enkätundersökning, även vetenskapliga tidskrifter samt skriftliga källor har använts.Totalt kontaktades 108 stycken noterade företag på Stockholms börs.</p><p><strong><em>Slutsatser:</em></strong> Det har visat sig att företag använder sig av förväntade kassaflöden vid framtagning av dess diskonteringsränta och WACC modellen. Impairment test har visat sig vara av betydelse då det ger en mer rättvisande bild och överblick på goodwill.</p> / <p><strong><em>Background</em>:</strong> Following the introduction of IFRS, has given rise to some changes towards the previous accounting rules in Sweden. As of January 1 year 2005, all listed companies move to IFRS 3 Business Combinations. This means that goodwill is not to be amortized as done previously. Now annually there has to be an Impairment test of goodwill in order to investigate whether there is need for impairment or not. The discount rate is used for impairment testing of goodwill and is an important factor in calculating the discounted value of cash flows.</p><p><em><strong>Problem</strong></em><em>:</em> Public listed company doing an impairment test of goodwill is done to examine whether the impairment of goodwill is relevant or not. The discount is an important factor in Impairment test. Although it's showed that most companies do not need to write down goodwill. Why do not some companies write-down goodwill, is it maybe that a practice developed? How do companies discount and why? What are its components?</p><p><em><strong>Purpose</strong></em>: This study is to describe systematically how firms develop their selected discount rates for review of goodwill, is it maybe due to a practice development or other circumstances. We also want to explore the methods companies use to develop its discount rate and its components.</p><p><em><strong>Method</strong></em>: The study in this thesis has mainly been based on a quantitative survey, including scientific journals and written sources. 108 companies listed on the Stockholm stock exchange were contacted.</p><p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong></em>: It has been shown that companies use the expected cash flows at the development of its discount rate and WACC model. Impairment tests have also proved to be of importance since it gives a more accurate picture and overview of goodwill.</p>

The Strain Index (SI) has repeatedly shown high levels of validity for differentiating between safe and hazardous tasks for the distal upper extremity (DUE). One limitation of the SI is the lack of reliability data. This study was designed to evaluate the test-retest repeatability of the SI. Fifteen raters, divided into five teams of three, were asked to use the SI to analyze 73 video AVI files of different job tasks; initially as individuals and then as teams. Several months later, raters were asked to repeat individual and team job task assessments. Raters were instructed to analyze tasks using five of six SI task variables, while the sixth was held constant. For three of these task variables, additional data was collected such as peak force and duration of job cycle. Test-retest repeatability was measured using Pearson's R, Spearman's rho, and tetrachoric correlation according to the nature of the variable. Spearman's rho values for individual and team task variable ratings ranged from 0.68 to 0.96 (0.88 average). Pearson's R for task variable data ranged from 0.76 to 0.99 for both teams and individuals with an average of 0.91. The Strain Index's rho values for individuals and teams were 0.70 and 0.84, respectively. For hazard classification, the tetrachoric correlation for individuals was 0.81 and 0.88 for teams. Results of this study support the conclusion that the Strain Index is repeatable when used by teams as well as individuals.

The increasing number of patients undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) during the past years have led to the need of developing different methods for separation of spermatozoa that can be used for different fertilisation procedures and for freezing. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa includes preparation, freezing, storage and thawing. In this study two different cryomedia (Cryo Protec I and Cryo Protec II) for human spermatozoa were compared. The main outcome was spermsurvival rate for spermatozoa after freezing. Sperm viability was assessed using the Hypo-osmotic swelling test which is based on osmolality. A total of 86 samples of semen were used in this study (Cryo Protec I=38, Cryo Protec II=48). The survival rate between the two cryomedia did not differ much but Cryo Protectant I showed a small increase in survival for the spermatozoa after freezing. The Hypo-osmotic swelling test also showed similar values of viable spermatozoa for the two cryomedia both before and after freezing.