Dans le football professionnel, les blessures ont une influence négative sur la performance, l'économie et la santé. Malgré un accent accru sur la prévention des blessures dans le football, il est préoccupant de constater que les blessures n'ont pas diminué au cours des 11 dernières saisons. En raison de l'impact significatif et négatif des blessures dans le football professionnel, il est primordial de veiller à ce que de tels accidents ne se produisent plus. Il est important de déterminer de nouvelles méthodes et procédés afin de détecter et d'empêcher les blessures chez les footballeurs professionnels. En outre, dans la littérature de la recherche scientifique, il y a des résultats contradictoires et des débats en ce qui concerne les facteurs de risque, les tests et les exercices de prévention pour les blessures sans contact dans le football professionnel. Les recherches scientifiques devraient être menées afin d'influencer les pratiques soit en validant soit en réfutant certains procédés et certaines procédures, cependant, il y a actuellement un fossé entre la science et la pratique (Bishop, 2008).Le but de cette thèse était de : (a) étudier des méthodes nouvelles et innovantes pour détecter et prévenir les blessures sans contact au plus haut niveau du football professionnel masculin et (b) (b) de réduire le fossé entre la science et la pratique. Les études de recherche spécifiques menées dans cette thèse étaient (1) les facteurs de risque, le dépistage et les stratégies de prévention pour les blessures sans contact dans le football professionnel: les perceptions et les pratiques actuelles de 44 équipes de première division. (2) les facteurs de risque, le dépistage et les stratégies de prévention pour les blessures de non-contact dans le football professionnel :Les facteurs de risque, les tests et les stratégies de prévention pour des blessures sans contact dans le football professionnel: une revue systématique, (3) un simple test isométrique des membres musculaires inférieurs chez les joueurs de football professionnels, (4) Effet d'un programme de prévention des blessures sur un taux de blessures dans une équipe professionnelle de football participant aux compétitions européennes. La présente thèse a réussi à réduire le fossé entre la science et la pratique en révélant le top 3 des perceptions et des pratiques des équipes de football de haut niveau concernant les facteurs de risque (blessure antérieure, fatigue, déséquilibre musculaire), essais (écran de mouvement fonctionnel, questionnaire, isocinétique) et des exercices de prévention (excentrique, équilibre / proprioception et ischio-jambiers excentrique). Une revue systématique de la littérature scientifique a fourni un niveau scientifique de preuve pour les 3 principaux facteurs de risque, tout à la fois un niveau scientifique de preuve et des recommandations globales graduées ont été fournies pour les 3 premiers tests et exercices de prévention. Un test simple et pratique pour évaluer la force isométrique des membres musculaires inférieurs a été vérifié et mis en œuvre avec succès dans le cadre du football professionnel. Le test s'est avéré être à la fois assez fiable et sensible pour déceler les changements de force survenant après un match de football. Enfin, un programme de prévention des blessures à haute conformité a été correctement et efficacement mis en œuvre dans une équipe de haut niveau prenant part aux compétitions européennes et les taux de blessures considérablement réduits, même lors d'une période comprenant des matchs rapprochés soit 2 matchs par semaine.La présente thèse peut aider à guider les praticiens à utiliser les meilleures pratiques factuelles actuelles. En outre, du point de vue de la recherche, les résultats fournissent aux chercheurs des pistes où concentrer les futures recherches sur la prévention des blessures dans le football professionnel. / In professional football, injuries have a negative influence on performance, economy and health. Despite an increased focus on prevention of injury in football, it is of concern that injuries have not reduced in this cohort over the past 11 seasons. Due to the significant and negative impact of injuries in professional football it is of interest to prevent such injuries from occurring. It is important to determine new methods and processes to detect and prevent injuries in professional footballers. Additionally, within the scientific research literature there are conflicting results and ongoing debates in regards to risk factors, testing and preventative exercises for non-contact injury in professional football. Scientific research should aim to influence practice by either validating or refuting certain processes and procedures, however, there is currently a gap between science and practice (Bishop, 2008). Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to (a) investigate new and innovative methods to detect and prevent non-contact injuries at the highest level of professional male football and (b) (b) to reduce the gap between science and practice. Studies: The specific research studies conducted in this thesis were (1) Risk factors, testing and preventative strategies for non-contact injuries in professional football: Current perceptions and practices of teams from 44 premier leagues. (2) Risk factors, testing and preventative strategies for non-contact injuries in professional football: A systematic review, (3) Reliability and sensibility of a simple isometric posterior lower limb muscle test in professional soccer players, (4) Effect of an injury prevention program on injury rate in a professional football team participating in European competition. Conclusion: The present thesis successfully reduced the gap between science and practice by revealing the top 3 perceptions and practices of top-level football teams concerning risk factors (previous injury, fatigue, muscle imbalance), testing (functional movement screen, questionnaire, isokinetic) and preventative exercises (eccentric, balance/proprioception and hamstring eccentric). A systematic review of the research literature provided a scientific level of evidence for the top 3 risk factors, while both a scientific level of evidence and overall graded recommendation was provided for the top 3 tests and preventative exercises. A simple and practical test to assess the isometric force of the posterior lower limb muscles was verified and implemented successfully in the professional football setting. The test was found to be both reliable and sensitive enough to detect changes in force following a competitive soccer match. Finally, an injury prevention program with high compliance was successfully and effectively implemented in a top-level team competing in European competition and significantly reduced injury rates even when playing during a congested match period i.e. 2 matches per week. The present thesis can help to guide practitioners in using the current best evidence based practice. Additionally, from a research perspective, the findings provides researchers with avenues of where to concentrate future research concerning injury prevention in professional football.

The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in the stimulus value of the Bender Gestalt designs. It is concerned with both differences in structural values and affective values of the nine figures. The investigation is primarily concerned with the reliability of such differences, and secondarily with the general nature of the differences in stimulus value.

The purpose of this study was to determine, by use of the Rorschach, any differences in the personality structures of two groups of identical twin subjects.

This research was conducted to identify whether South African 3 star and above hotels are interested in forming alliances. The objective of this study was to group South African independent 3 star and above hotels on the alliance framework continuum, namely; cooperation, collaboration, coordination and coadunation; and to identify whether South African independent 3 star and above hotels are interested to progress from one simple form of alliance to the next complex, formal type of alliance. Hypotheses were proposed to determine the significance of the differences in preference of South African 3 star and above independent hotels. Thus, this study is descriptive in nature, to test the proposed hypotheses. An extensive investigation into the relevant literature was done. An empirical study was also conducted and the measuring instrument consisted of a selfadministered questionnaire. The population selected consisted of managers of these South African 3 star and above independent hotels. The major findings included: South African independent 3 star and above hotels seem to prefer niche personality and potential non-financial relationship, while they try to avoid economic and cultural integration with a partner firm and not interested in shared management control with the partner firm. Besides, four factors confirmed the alliance continuum developed by Bailey and Koney (2000), namely; cooperation, coordination, collaboration and coadunation. Friedman’s test indicated that there is significant difference among the different dimensions of alliance formation, namely; cooperation, collaboration, coordination and coadunation and that South African independent 3 star and above hotels are interested to form cooperation form of alliances mostly, followed by coordination form of alliances. South African independent 3 star and above hotels are neutral on whether to form collaboration type of alliances and they are not interested to involve in the coadunation form of alliances. Chi-square test indicated that there is no significant difference on the opinion of the respondents on whether the hotel they work for needs to progress from simpler form of alliances into more formal and complex format of alliances. However, those who preferred that their hotel has to progress from simpler form of alliance are higher in number than those who did not prefer. It was, inter alia, recommended that as South African 3 star and above hotels choose lower form of alliance, value chains seem the most applicable form of alliance. Hotels could share a name, reservation information and some basic IT facilities (point of sale IT reservation equipment and back office IT equipments). Finally, the study concludes by recommending that South African independent 3 star and above hotels should take alliances as an option for growth and justification of expenditures and decide the level of alliance continuum they want to engage in. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Regression testing is important but time consuming. Automating the testing have many benefits. It will save money for companies because they will not have to pay testers to manually test their applications. It will produce better software with less bugs as testing can be done more frequently so bugs will be found faster. This thesis has compared two techniques used to automate regression testing. The more traditional component level record and replay tools and Visual GUI testing tools that uses image recognition. Eight tools in total was tested and compared, four from each technique. The system under test for this project was a fat client application used by Trafikverket. After automating a test suite using all tools, it could be concluded that the component level record and replay had some advantages over visual GUI testing tools, especially when it comes to verifying the state of the system under test. The benefits of visual GUI testing tools comes from their independence from the system under test and that the technique more correctly mimics how a real user interacts with the GUI. / Regressionstestning är en viktig men tidskrävande del av mjukvaruutveckling. Att automatisera testningen har flera fördelar. Det sparar pengar för företag eftersom de inte behöver betala testare för att manuellt utföra testerna. Det resulterar i bättre mjukvara med färre buggar eftersom man kan testa oftare och därmed hitta buggar tidigare. Det här projektet har undersökt och jämfört två tekniker som kan användas för att automatisera regressionstestning och verktyg som använder dessa tekniker. Dels de traditionella verktygen som identifierar objekt på komponentnivå samt verktyg som istället använder sig av bildigenkänning för att identifiera objekt. Totalt testades och utvärderades åtta verktyg, fyra av varje tekniktyp. Systemet som testades under projektet är en skrivbordsapplikation som används av Trafikverket. Efter att ha automatiserat en testsekvens med varje verktyg kunde konstateras att verktygen som identifierar objekt på komponentnivå har flera fördelar över verktyg som enbart använder bildigenkänning. Detta gäller främst när det kommer till verifiering av systemets tillstånd. Den största fördelen med bildigenkänningsverktygen visade sig vara dess oberoende från systemet, samt att tekniken mer efterliknar en verklig användare.

Regression testing is important but time consuming. Automating the testing have many benefits. It will save money for companies because they will not have to pay testers to manually test their applications. It will produce better software with less bugs as testing can be done more frequently so bugs will be found faster. This thesis has compared two techniques used to automate regression testing. The more traditional component level record and replay tools and Visual GUI testing tools that uses image recognition. Eight tools in total was tested and compared, four from each technique. The system under test for this project was a fat client application used by Trafikverket. After automating a test suite using all tools, it could be concluded that the component level record and replay had some advantages over visual GUI testing tools, especially when it comes to verifying the state of the system under test. The benefits of visual GUI testing tools comes from their independence from the system under test and that the technique more correctly mimics how a real user interacts with the GUI. / Regressionstestning är en viktig men tidskrävande del av mjukvaruutveckling. Att automatisera testningen har flera fördelar. Det sparar pengar för företag eftersom de inte behöver betala testare för att manuellt utföra testerna. Det resulterar i bättre mjukvara med färre buggar eftersom man kan testa oftare och därmed hitta buggar tidigare. Det här projektet har undersökt och jämfört två tekniker som kan användas för att automatisera regressionstestning och verktyg som använder dessa tekniker. Dels de traditionella verktygen som identifierar objekt på komponentnivå samt verktyg som istället använder sig av bildigenkänningför att identifiera objekt. Totalt testades och uvärderades åtta verktyg, fyra av varje tekniktyp. Systemet som testades under projektet är en skrivbordsapplikation som används av Trafikverket. After att ha automatiserat en testsekvens med varje verktyg kunde konstateras att verktygen som identifierar objekt på komponentnivå har flera fördelar över verktyg som enbart använder bildigenkänning. Detta gäller främst när det kommer till verifiering av systemets tillstånd. Den största fördelen med bildigenkänningsverktygen visade sig vara dess oberoende från systemet, samt att tekniken mer efterliknar en verklig användare.

The project deals with the testing of SRAM memories using method MBIST with the utilisation of sofware tool Tessent Memory BIST. The main purpose is to get familiar with memory testing and to create a design for testing on a specific chip which after its implementation on the chip will retain the original features and functions. Subsequently, the tool is evaluated on its usability.

In the theoretical part of diploma thesis is elaboreted literary search relating to problems with using of various modifications of coagulation tests. The experimental part of diploma thesis is focused on comparison of three types of coagulation tests during treatment of model water with increased content of humic matter. Concretly was compared classic jar test, modified jar test and centrifugation test. As a coagulant was used ferric sulphate. The efficiency of treatment was tested under various conditions (temperature, time of fast mixing and intensity of slow mixing). Information capability of results was evalueted on the basis of absorbance by 254 nm and 387 nm, residual concentration of iron and dichromate value. Obtained results were numerically processed and they are presented in the form of tables and graphs.

This diploma thesis was focused on the use of profile tests for sensory analysis of foods. The development of profile methods, advantages and disadvantages of the techniques, specific training of panelists, the organization and the requirements for testing place and testing is described in theoretical part. There is a brief overview of other methods and legislation used in sensory analysis. In the experimental part of this work several types of foods such as bread, ham, yogurt, apple and chocolate have been selected. For each of these foods the forms for profile evaluation of flavor and texture have been developed. Consequently, the selected samples were sensorially evaluated by panel composed from students of FCH BUT.

In this thesis we present a language and technique to facilitate model-based testing. The core of our approach is an xUnit-like language that allows tests to refer to model entities such as associations. This language can be used by developers to describe tests based on an existing UML model. The tests might even be written before creating a UML model, and be based on requirements. The testing language, including its parser and generators, is written entirely in Umple, an open-source textual modeling tool with semantics closely based on UML, and which generates Java, PHP and several other target languages. Tests in our language can be embedded in Umple or in standalone files. The test language compiler converts our abstract testing language into JUnit, PHPUnit and other domain-language testing environments. In addition to allowing developers to write tests manually, we have created generators that create abstract tests for any Umple model. These generators can be used to verify the Umple compiler and to give Umple users extra confidence in their models. User-defined tests can be standalone or embedded in methods; they can be generic, referring to metamodel elements. Tests can also be located in traits or mixsets to allow testing of separate concerns or product lines. To test our language and the tests written in it, we have created an extensive test suite. We have also implemented mutation testing, that enables varying of features of the models to ensure that runs of the pre-mutation tests then fail.