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Validating DSP circuits modeled in VHDL involves generating test data, creating VHDL test benches, and simulating the test benches including models under test (MUTs). This is a laborious and time-consuming process. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a high level approach to automating and planning these tasks. This dissertation presents a high level test planning system for functional validation of VHDL DSP models. The system requirements parameterized from the specifications constitute the input space and serve as generics of test benches. Library-based test benches are developed using high level design tools. A test planning framework uses a goal tree structure as a vehicle of planning and documenting the testing activities. In a goal tree, test goals are given based on the specifications and test groups are defined to satisfy the test goals. Test groups partially constrain the system requirements and thus partition the input space into smaller and more manageable subspaces. A set of test strategies are then applied to the test groups for efficient test case design. Each test case is mapped to a configuration declaration of the test bench. The test bench is then simulated to generate test vectors against which the MUT is tested. The MUT response is compared with the gold response by a comparator and verdicts are reached by test oracles. An integrated test planning software system has been developed for test planning and test automation based on this approach. As an illustration of this approach, this dissertation uses the Synthetic Aperture Radar system as a case study. Completeness and effectiveness of the generated test set are evaluated. This dissertation also discusses approaches to hierarchical faulty module isolation for hierarchical circuits. Exposability is proposed to measure the extent that signal values are revealed to the tester and is used as the cost function for the faulty module search problem. An expanded goal tree which explores the functional and structural aspects of a hierarchical circuit is also presented. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the impact of uncertainty on test-enhanced learning. A within-groups experiment was designed to compare uncertainty under three study and retrieval conditions carried out in a single session; study-restudy-restudy, study-test-test with feedback and study-test-test without feedback. In this first session, 105 Swedish-Swahili word-pairs were presented to each participant. Participants then made judgments of learning on the word pairs. Subsequently, participants either re-studied the word-pair, were tested on the pair via cued recall and given feedback or tested without feedback. Participants were then tested in cued recall tests on the word pairs two hours and one week after the learning session, respectively. Ten participants were tested during three sessions which were administered on a web-based platform. The result indicate that no test-effect was found, and participants scored highest in the restudy condition at the cued recall tests. Judgment of learning score was a significant predictor of final cued recall scores on the final test. / I den här Kandidat uppsatsen görs ett försök att utvärdera hur känslan av osäkerhet att påverka test-effekten. Ett experiment designades för att utvärdera tre olika conditions, en studie-studie-studie, en studie-test-test med feedback och enstudie-test-test utan feedbacki en experimentell inom grupp design. Deltagarna ombads mellan delarna skatta sin skala av säkerhet på att kunna göra en framgångsrik återkallning efter en vecka. Allt deltagande var web baserat. Tio deltagare deltog i studien och de testades under tre olika tillfällen. Första tillfället med tre olika conditions, sedan med två uppföljande test tillfällen. Den första efter två timmar och ett avslutande test efter en vecka. Deltagarna testades på 105 ordpar Swahili-Svenska. Resultatet visar att ingen test-effekt uppnåddes och deltagarna nådde högst resultat på upprepad studie alternativet. Själv skattningen på deltagarnas skala av säkerhet var signifikant som indikator på korrekt återkallning efter en vecka i de två upprepad test delarna.

This study will pursue the inquiry in an attempt to add to the weight of evidence for or against the reliability of the Rorschach Test as an indicator of intelligence. The problem may be resolved into a comparison between various scoring categories or factors of the Rorschach and I.Q.

Test anxiety is a prevalent stressor which negatively impacts academic performance in evaluative situations. Previous literature has shown that attention biases (AB) to threats are implicated with general anxiety. However, few studies have examined the effect between AB to relevant threats (i.e., testing threats) and test anxiety. This study addressed previous gaps by examining whether temperamental effortful control and frontal EEG asymmetry (FA) impacted the relation between an exogenous AB to test threats and test anxiety in undergraduate students. A dot-probe task with test threat words as the target was given to the students. Paired-sample T tests show the presence of an AB to test threats in the endogenous (i.e., 500ms) condition but not in the exogenous (i.e., 250ms) condition. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that right FA modulated the positive relation between AB to test threats with test anxiety and positive relation between test anxiety with AB to test threats. Attentional control negatively predicted test anxiety but not the AB to test threats. AC and IC did not significantly interact with either test anxiety or AB to test threats in predicting the other (i.e., test anxiety predicting AB to test threats and vice-versa). A four-way interaction indicated that greater test anxiety predicts a stronger AB to test threats for those with right FA, low AC, and high IC. This four-way interaction result was conservatively considered due to the risk of overfitting. Results suggest the need to include FA in future studies of AB to test threats. / Doctor of Philosophy / Test anxiety is a prevalent stressor which negatively impacts academic performance in evaluative situations. Research shows that greater attention (i.e., attention biases; AB) to threats is related with general anxiety. However, few studies have examined the effect between AB to relevant threats (i.e., testing threats) and test anxiety. This study addressed previous gaps by examining whether temperamental effortful control and frontal EEG asymmetry (FA) impacted the relation between an exogenous AB to test threats and test anxiety in undergraduate students. A dot-probe task with test threat words as the target was given to the students. Paired-sample T tests show the presence of an AB to test threats in the endogenous (i.e., 500ms) condition but not in the exogenous (i.e., 250ms) condition. Results showed that positive relation between AB to test threats with test anxiety and positive relation between test anxiety with AB to test threats only occurred when students showed greater right FA. Lower attentional control predicted higher test anxiety but not the AB to test threats. AC and IC did not significantly interact with either test anxiety or AB to test threats in predicting the other (i.e., test anxiety predicting AB to test threats and vice-versa). A four-way interaction indicated that greater test anxiety predicts a stronger AB to test threats for those with right FA, low AC, and high IC. This four-way interaction result was conservatively considered due to the risk of overfitting. Results suggest the need to include FA in future studies of AB to test threats.

Angesichts der zunehmenden Bedeutung ortsunabhängigen Arbeitens und der damit verbundenen Nachfrage nach flexiblen Testmethoden gewinnen Remote Usability-Tests (RUT) immer mehr an Bedeutung. Obwohl sie aufgrund ihres geringen Ressourcenbedarfs attraktiv sind, stellt sich die Frage, ob dies zulasten der Ergebnisqualität geht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, den Aufwand und Nutzen von RUT zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurde zunächst der theoretische Hintergrund und aktuelle Forschungsstand von RUT dargestellt, einschließlich der historischen Entwicklung, verschiedener Durchführungsformen und Einflussfaktoren auf Aufwand und Nutzen. Im empirischen Teil wurde ein asynchroner, selbstmoderierter RUT am Beispiel eines Online-Shops durchgeführt. In der Datenanalyse wurde insbesondere der Zusammenhang zwischen der Probandenanzahl und der Anzahl und Art von Usability-Problemen untersucht. Abschließend wurden die Ergebnisse diskutiert und Empfehlungen hinsichtlich eines günstigen Verhältnisses von Aufwand und Nutzen bei RUT entwickelt.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 3 Abbildungsverzeichnis 7 Tabellenverzeichnis 9 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 10 I. Einleitung 11 1. Relevanz des Themas 11 2. Zielstellung 11 3. Methodisches Vorgehen und Aufbau 12 II. Theoretische Grundlagen 13 1. Begriffe und Definitionen 13 2. Usability-Evaluation 15 3. Historische Entwicklung des Remote Usability-Testings 18 4. Formen des Remote Usability-Testing 23 5. Aufwand und Nutzen in Remote Usability-Tests 40 6. Effektivität von Remote Usability-Tests 59 III. Korrelationsstudie 65 1. Konkretisierung der Problemstellung 65 2. Entwicklung von Hypothesen 66 3. Untersuchungsmethodik 68 4. Durchführung 86 5. Darstellung der Ergebnisse 90 6. Diskussion 101 6.1. Aufdeckung von Problemen 101 IV. Zusammenfassung und Fazit 118 Literaturverzeichnis 120 Anhang 126 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 141

When bonds between copper and printed circuit board laminates are subjected to impulsive forces, the need arises to characterize fracture energies corresponding to related, high-speed failure events. Work (or energy) is required to create new surface area—with associated dissipation events—during fracture, and this energy (for a given material system) is dependent on the speed of crack propagation, the locus of failure, and the temperature of the bond when it is broken. Since the 90° peel test has been widely employed in quasi-static fracture testing of film adhesion for printed circuit board applications, this test was first used as a basis to which other test results could be compared. A test fixture was designed and built for quasi-static peel testing that accommodated peeling at different angles and temperatures. A similar test was then desirable for the direct comparison of dynamic fracture events to those quasi-static results. The “loop peel test” was thus developed to mimic the common 90° peel test and to quantify the time- and temperature-dependent fracture energies of peel specimens during low-velocity impact. This test has been successfully used to determine the apparent critical strain energy release rate of copper/epoxy bonds for low-velocity impact conditions (1-10 m/s), for a case of near-interfacial failure. The falling wedge test has also been adapted to estimate the apparent critical strain energy release rate at similar fracture conditions. Four types of printed circuit boards have been analyzed with the above impact test methods as well as with their corresponding quasi-static tests, and the fracture energies measured with the impact tests have been compared to those obtained using quasi-static tests. Fracture energies of the material systems considered were dependent on time (speed of fracture), temperature, and the amount of moisture migration, as determined via humidity conditioning parameters. / Master of Science

Yes / The difference between Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers and non-carriers in response to single exercise sessions was tested. Stroop and Posner tasks were administered to young untrained women immediately after walking sessions or moderately heavy exercise. Exercise had a significantly more profound impact on the Stroop effect than on the Posner effect, suggesting selective involvement of prefrontal function. A significant genotype-by-exercise interaction indicated differences in response to exercise between ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Carriers showed facilitation triggered by exercise. The transient executive down-regulation was construed as due to exercise-dependent hypofrontality. The facilitation observed in carriers was interpreted as better management of prefrontal metabolic resources, and explained within the antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis framework. The findings have implications for the interpretation of differences between ε4 carriers and non-carriers in the benefits triggered by long-term exercise that might depend, at least partially, on mechanisms of metabolic response to physical activity. / Partially supported by a University of Hull Faculty of Science scholarship to MDM and by funding from MIUR and FP7 VPH-DARE to AV.