Poultry provide affordable animal protein products compared to other animal products in agricultural industry. The demand of organic food by world health organisation and call for discard of conventional laying cage production method led to this research study. The aim of the study was to determine how (4 x 4) full diallel crossbreeding of the Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Naked neck (NN), Lohmann Brown (LB) and White Leghorn (WL) had an effect on production performance, egg parameters, genetic and phenotypic characteristics of F1 crossbreed offspring. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Livestock Production Improvement at the Irene Campus, which is situated about 25 km south of Pretoria. The (4 x 4) full diallel crossbreeding design used on four chicken breeds to produce four pure breeds, six crossbreeds and six reciprocal crosses. The total number of 352 chickens with16 treatments (2 cocks and 20 hens) used in phase 1 and 384 chickens 16 F1-treatments (3 cocks + 21 hens) used in phase 2. Data was analysed by full factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), General Linear Model procedures and Scheffe post-hoc for multiple comparison of the means of different variable data. The outcome had shown that crossbreeding had an effect on the production performance, genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The performed F1 crossbreeds emerge from crossbreeding between the local dual-purpose PK and commercial LB chicken breeds. PKLB dominated on growth and production performance traits compared to other crossbreeds. All set null hypothesis differ significantly at (p < 0.05), the outcome of all five hypothesis of this study were rejected. In conclusion PKLB was the best performing F1 crossbreed, based on its best performance on growth, FCR, cost of rearing, productive, high quality safe eggshell, economic efficiency and consumer preference (brown eggshell and yolk colour). / Dikgogo di neelana ka dikumo tsa poroteine ya diphologolo go tshwantshanngwa le dikumo tsa diphologolo tse dingwe mo intasetering ya temo. Tlhokego ya dijo tse di bolang mo mekgatlhong ya boitekanelo ya lefatshe le pitso ya go latlha mekgwa ya kumo ya dikgetshe tsa go beela tsa tlwaelo di ne tsa isa kwa thutong ya patlisiso eno. Maikaelelo a thuto eno ke go tlhomamisa gore tsadiso ya kgabaganyo ya dilo tse pedi kgotsa go feta go tshwantshanya kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo tse di tletseng tsa (4 x 4) tsa Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Naked Neck (NN), Lohmann Brown (LB) le White Leghorn (WL) di na le ponalo mo tiragatsong ya kumo, diparametera tsa mae, le dijene le diponagalo tsa kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo tsa ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tsa ngwana wa F1. Thuto e ne ya diragadiwa kwa Agricultural Research Council (ARC) le Tokafatso ya Kumo ya Diruiwa kwa khempaseng ya Irene, e e agilweng bokana ka 25 km jwa borwa jwa Pretoria. Ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tsa dilo tse pedi kgotsa go feta go tshwantshanya kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo tse di tletseng tsa (4 x 4) di ne tsa dirisiwa mo mefuteng ya ditsadiso tsa dikgogo go ntsha mefuta ya ditsadiso e e tletseng e mene, ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tse thataro le dikgabaganyo tse di tshwanang tse thataro. Palo e e tletseng ya dikgogo tse di 352 ka ditiragatso di le 16 (mekoko e le 2 le dithole di le 20) di ne tsa dirisiwa mo letlhakoreng la 1 le dikgogo di le 384 ka ditiragatso tsa F1 di le 16 (mekoko e le 3 + dithole di le 21) di ne tsa dirisiwa mo letlhakoreng la 2. Data e ne ya tshetshereganngwa ka tshetshereganyo ya dintlha tse di tletseng tsa pharologantsho (ANOVA), dikgato tsa General Linear Model le tshwantshanyo ya bontsintsi ya morago (ANOVA), dikgato tsa General Linear Model le tshwantshanyo ya bontsintsi ya morago ga tiragalo ya Scheffe ka mekgwa ya data ya pharologantsho e e farologaneng. Ditlamorago di ne tsa bontsha gore ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo di na le ponalo mo tiragatsong ya kumo, ga mmogo le diponagalo tsa dijene le setlhopha sa kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo. Go ne ga diriswa mefuta ya ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo ya F1 tse di tlhagelelang go tswa mo ditsadisong tsa kgabaganyo magareng ga mefuta ya ditsadiso tsa dikgogo tsa PK tsa lebaka la gabedi la selegae le LB ya kgwebo. PKLB e ne ya fekeetsa metlhala ya tiragatso ya kgolo le kumo go tshwantshanngwa le mefuta ya ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tse dingwe. Setlhopha sotlhe sa dikakanyo tsa lefela se x farologana mo go bonagalang ka (p < 0.05) le ditlamorago tsa dikakanyo tse tlhano tse tsotlhe tsa thuto eno di ne tsa kganediwa. Kwa bokhutlong, PKLB e ne ya nna mofuta wa ditsadiso tsa F1 o o diragatsang go gaisa, go ikaegilwe ka tiragatso mabapi le kgolo, FCR, tshenyegelo ya go tsadisa, kumo, boleng jo bo kwa godimo jwa dikgapetla tsa mae tse di babalesegileng, bokgoni jwa ikonomi le boikgethelo jwa modirisi (dikgapetla tsa mae tse di tshetlha le mmala wa tlhae). / Agriculture and  Animal Health / Ph. D. (Agriculture)

El presente proyecto desarrolla los lineamientos previos necesarios para el estudio de la eficiencia de la normativa del Mercado Alternativo de Valores (MAV) en función a los preceptos del análisis económico del derecho. Inicialmente se realiza una descripción sobre la justificación y objetivos del proyecto de investigación. Posteriormente, se plantea la premisa de que el MAV no beneficia a las MIPYME y no permite alcanzar la eficiencia por carecer de incentivos reales para su funcionamiento. Para arribar a la anterior hipótesis, se brinda una introducción al sistema del MAV y se halla y explica algunas de las falencias presentes en su regulación. Además, se revisa la literatura relevante en materia de análisis económico del derecho, específicamente en relación a los costos generados por las leyes. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis del funcionamiento del MAV y el impacto que llega a tener en diferentes empresas a través de estudios nacionales e internacionales. / This Project develops the necessary preliminary guidelines for the study of the efficiency of the regulations of the Alternative Securities Market (MAV for its acronym in Spanish) according to the precepts of the economic analysis of law. It begins with a description of the justification and objectives of the research project. Afterwards, the project proposes the premise that the MAV does not benefit MSMEs and does not allow them to achieve efficiency due to the lack of real incentives for its operation. In order to arrive at the above mentioned hypothesis, the project provides an introduction to the MAV system and finds and explains some of the shortcomings presents in its regulation. It also reviews relevant literature on the economic analysis of law, specifically in relation to the costs generated by law. Furthermore, it carried out an analysis of the functioning of the MAV and the impact it has on different companies through national and international studies. / Trabajo de investigación

This diploma thesis is about an evaluation of risks of public investment projects. The first part of the thesis is focused on explanation of an essential terms relating to an economic evaluation and the evaluation of risks of public investment projects. The second part is defining a project and a practical elaboration of the analysis of project risks.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the assessment of economic efficiency and risks of a public project. The theoretical part deals with the life stages of buildings, the characteristics of public projects and risks associated with the realization of the construction. The subject of the analytical part is an economic assessment of efficiency and risks in the specific selected public project.

The subject of the diploma thesis is to acquaint the reader with the issue of a public investment project and then apply the information found to the case study in the form of a financial and economic evaluation of the selected investment plan. The evaluated investment project is the reconstruction of a cinema in the village of Hustopeče in the South Moravian Region, while the identified outputs were achieved using the cost method of cost-benefit analysis using the eCBA application. Part of the evaluation also includes a risk analysis in the form of a sensitivity and qualitative analysis.

The diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of economic risks of a public investment project. The theoretical part contains indicators showing the economic efficiency of the investment and risk analysis. The practical part is focused on the economic evaluation of efficiency and risk analysis of a public investment project.

В работе рассматриваются проблемы размещения и обработки образующегося осадка на предприятиях водоподготовки. Проведен анализ деятельности предприятий водоподготовки как объекта негативного воздействия на окружающую среду в России и Свердловской области. В настоящее время на большинстве водопроводных станций не организовано повторное использование промывных вод и применение технологий обезвоживания осадка. Сброс таких вод приводит к загрязнению источников водоснабжения. Проблема обработки водопроводного осадка справедливо считается одной из наименее разработанных, наиболее технически сложной и дорогостоящей. В работе проведено сравнение существующих технологий обезвоживания осадка. Предложен инвестиционный проект по разработке и внедрению эффективной системы обезвоживания осадка в условиях уменьшения экологической нагрузки путем исключения сброса промывных вод в окружающую среду. Приводится технико-экономическое обоснование проекта и рассчитана его эколого-экономическая эффективность. / The paper deals with the problems of placing and processing the formed sludge at water treatment plants. The analysis of water treatment enterprises as an object of negative impact on the environment in Russia and the Sverdlovsk region has been carried out. Currently, most waterworks do not organize reuse of washing water and the use of sludge dewatering technologies. Discharge of such water leads to contamination of water supply sources. The problem of treatment of a water sediment is rightly considered one of the least developed, the most technically complex and costly. The paper compares existing sludge dewatering technologies. An investment project is proposed to develop and implement an effective sludge dewatering system in conditions of decreasing the ecological load by eliminating the discharge of wash water into the environment. The feasibility study of the project is given and its ecological and economic efficiency is calculated.

Цель инновационной системы – привнесение новшеств, которые позволят выпускать новую продукцию, более совершенную с точки зрения потребительских качеств. В связи с этим, существенную значимость приобретает оценка целесообразности внедрения инновационных материалов. В рамках исследования, была проведена оценка существующих методик оценки экономической эффективности внедрения инновационных материалов. Также был предложен и апробирован алгоритм принятия решения оценки целесообразности внедрения в производство инновационных материалов. Практическая значимость работы основывается на методическом обеспечении процесса оценки целесообразности внедрения инновационных материалов в производство. / The goal of the innovative system is to introduce innovations which will make possible to release new products better in terms of their consumer qualities. In this regard, the evaluation of the possibility of introducing innovative materials becomes highly significant. In the study, the evaluation was carried out of existing method for assessing the economic efficiency of introducing innovative materials. The decision-making algorithm for evaluation of the possibility of introducing innovative materials into production was proposed and tested. The practical importance of the work is based on the methodological support of the process of evaluation the possibility of introducing innovative materials into production.

В данной работе проведено исследование по совершенствованию системы нормирования расхода топлива на основе конкретизации и установления закономерностей изменения его расхода под влиянием природно-климатических условий округов Свердловской области. / In this paper, a study was conducted to improve the system of fuel consumption rationing based on concretization and establishing patterns of changes in its consumption under the influence of the natural and climatic conditions of the districts of the Sverdlovsk region.

Вопросы энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности являются одними из основных приоритетов государственной политики в деятельности органов исполнительной власти, как на федеральном, так и на региональном уровнях, т. к. Россия все еще принадлежит к группе стран с очень высокой энергоёмкостью ВВП. Цель диссертационного исследования заключается в разработке практических рекомендаций по повышению эффективности использования топливно-энергетических ресурсов в условиях реализации региональной политики энергосбережения. В работе рассмотрен топливно-энергетический комплекс Свердловской области, дана его характеристика и описаны его особенности. Проведен анализ использования энергоресурсов в различных сферах региональной экономики: рассмотрены энергоёмкость валового регионального продукта, объемы финансирования энергосберегающих мероприятий, удельные расходы топливно-энергетических ресурсов. Предложен проект по переводу автопарка транспортной компании с бензинового топлива на газомоторное с целью снижения потребления энергетических ресурсов и вредного воздействия на окружающую среду. Проведена оценка экономического и экологического эффектов реализации проекта. / Issues of energy conservation and energy efficiency are one of the main priorities of state policy in the activities of executive bodies, both at the federal and regional levels, since Russia still belongs to the group of countries with very high energy intensity of GDP. The purpose of the dissertation research is to develop practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of fuel and energy resources in the context of the implementation of the regional energy conservation policy. The work considers the fuel and energy complex of the Sverdlovsk region, gives its characteristics and describes its features. The analysis of the use of energy resources in various areas of the regional economy is carried out: the energy intensity of the gross regional product, the volumes of financing energy-saving measures, the specific costs of fuel and energy resources are considered. A project is proposed to transfer the fleet of a transport company from gasoline to gas engine fuel in order to reduce the consumption of energy resources and harmful effects on the environment. An assessment of the economic and environmental effects of the project is presented.