This thesis investigates a method for efficiently updating the software of an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) in a car. The patch sent to the car should be as small as possible and optimally only contained the changed part of the software. A popular algorithm for creating the patch is bsdiff. However, it is not made for filesystem images, but for binaries. Therefore, an alternative is investigated. The alternative algorithm method is based on the update engine in Android. A standalone version of the Android A/B Update is implemented and compared to bsdiff, in the aspect of the time it takes to generate the patch and the size of the patch. The result shows that bsdiff generates a slightly smaller patch. However, bsdiff is also a lot slower at generating the patch. Furthermore, the time increases linearithmic with the size of the filesystem image. This gives reason to believe that the Android A/B Update algorithm might be a better solution when updating an ECU that contains a full filesystem. However, this depends on if it is most valuable that the patch is as small as possible, or that the process of generating it is fast. / Detta examensarbete undersöker en metod för att effektivt uppdatera mjukvaran i en styrenhet i en bil. En patch som skickas till en bil ska vara så liten som möjligt och helst enbart innehålla de delar av mjukvaran som ändrats. En populär algorithm för att skapa en sådan patch är bsdiff. Den är dock inte gjord för filsystemsavbildningar, utan för binärer. Därför studeras här ett alternativ. Denna alternativa metod är baserad på Androids updateringsprocess. En fristående variant av Android A/B Update är implementerad och och jämförd med bsdiff, med avseende på tiden det tar att generera en patch och storleken av den. Resultatet visar att bsdiff genererar mindre patchar. Däremot är bsdiff också betydligt långsammare. Vidare ökar tiden linearitmisk då storleken på patchen ökar. Detta innebär att Android A/B Update kan vara en bättre lösning för att updatera en styrenhet som innehåller ett filsystem. Det beror dock på vad som värderas högst; en mindre patch eller att processen att skapa patchen ska vara snabbare.

This paper presents an approach for an automated calibration process for electronic control units (ECU) of power split transmissions in agricultural tractors. Today the calibration process is done manually on a prototype tractor by experts. In order to reduce development costs the calibration process is shifted from prototype testing to software modelling. Simultaneous optimization methods are used within the software modelling to calculate new parameters. The simultaneous optimization includes objective evaluation methods to evaluate the tractor behaviour. With the combination of both methods inside the software modelling, the calibration process can be automated. The success of this approach depends on the quality of the software modelling. Therefore the identification of the initial prototype behaviour and the fitting of the tractor software model is done at the beginning. At the end of the automated calibration the validation and fine-tuning of the calculated parameters are done on the real tractor. These steps are condensed to a five step automated calibration process which includes simultaneous optimization and objective evaluation methods in several applications. After the detailed discussion of this automated calibration process one function of the ECU (one transmission component) will be calibrated through this process as example.

This thesis is composed of two critical circuit designs for FlexRay ECU (Electron-ics Control Unit), i.e., a transceiver with over-current protection, and a digital over-temperature protection circuit. Regarding the transceiver with over-current protection, to reduce the glitch prob-lem, we propose to use delay cells in the transmitter. In order to avoid the transmitter current which is higher than the upperbound defined by FlexRay specifications, we propose a current comparator circuit to detect the state where the transmitter should stop sending signals. The temperature protection is required for FlexRay specifications. We propose an over-temperature circuit in the thesis. By utilizing an oscillator-based structure, fre-quency to digital converter (FDC) circuit is developed as the core of the temperature protection mechanism. It will convert the frequency signal and output the sensed tem-perature in a digital code format. The output frequency at different process and temper-ature corners show a linear feature such that the range and accuracy of temperature de-tection is enhanced.

Combustion-engine control is one of the most important parts of engine application and has a direct impact on its characteristics. Diploma thesis shows the preparation of a test engine and its installation to test cell. It describes measurement and data post processing necessary for common-rail diesel engine control and their application in the creation of a mathematic model in GT-SUITE.

This paper presents an approach for an automated calibration process for electronic control units (ECU) of power split transmissions in agricultural tractors. Today the calibration process is done manually on a prototype tractor by experts. In order to reduce development costs the calibration process is shifted from prototype testing to software modelling. Simultaneous optimization methods are used within the software modelling to calculate new parameters. The simultaneous optimization includes objective evaluation methods to evaluate the tractor behaviour. With the combination of both methods inside the software modelling, the calibration process can be automated. The success of this approach depends on the quality of the software modelling. Therefore the identification of the initial prototype behaviour and the fitting of the tractor software model is done at the beginning. At the end of the automated calibration the validation and fine-tuning of the calculated parameters are done on the real tractor. These steps are condensed to a five step automated calibration process which includes simultaneous optimization and objective evaluation methods in several applications. After the detailed discussion of this automated calibration process one function of the ECU (one transmission component) will be calibrated through this process as example.

The purpose of this master thesis is to contribute a service-based decentralized architecture for Electronic Control Unit (ECU) with fault tolerant control. As ECU systems are becoming large-scaled, centralized-architecture fault tolerant control is facing challenges in performance, complexity and engineering, for its dependencies, non-modular, non-scalable and so on. In Scania’s ECUs, the architecture is applied by a centralized diagnose system. In this thesis, an alternative solution – service-based decentralized architecture is presented. In the architecture, both diagnostic and reconfiguration are completely decentralized in modules of ECU system. Modules can be seen as a software component with self fault tolerant control abilities, which provides different quality of service to system. A purely service view of ECU system can be built as the foundation both for fault tolerant control architecture and for modeling control system. The thesis project is, firstly to implement a general decentralized diagnostic platform which can be called by modules of Scania Exhaust Emission Control system (EEC3) system. A centralized communication node is constructed for off-board diagnosis by PC-tools. Lastly, service based architecture is built in EEC3 PUMC module as service provider.

This thesis investigates a method for efficiently updating the software of anhttps://www.overleaf.com/project/60104b7e4b5c604828be9768 Electronic Control Unit (ECU) in a car. The patch sent to the car should be as small as possible and optimally only contained the changed part of the software. A popular algorithm for creating the patch is bsdiff. However, it is not made for filesystem images, but for binaries. Therefore, an alternative is investigated. The alternative algorithm method is based on the update engine in Android. A standalone version of the Android A/B Update is implemented and compared to bsdiff, in the aspect of the time it takes to generate the patch and the size of the patch. The result shows that bsdiff generates a slightly smaller patch. However, bsdiff is also a lot slower at generating the patch. Furthermore, the time increases linearithmic with the size of the filesystem image. This gives reason to believe that the Android A/B Update algorithm might be a better solution when updating an ECU that contains a full filesystem. However, this depends on if it is most valuable that the patch is as small as possible, or that the process of generating it is fast. / Detta examensarbete undersöker en metod för att effektivt uppdatera mjukvaran i en styrenhet i en bil. En patch som skickas till en bil ska vara så liten som möjligt och helst enbart innehålla de delar av mjukvaran som ändrats. En populär algorithm för att skapa en sådan patch är bsdiff. Den är dock inte gjord för filsystemsavbildningar, utan för binärer. Därför studeras här ett alternativ. Denna alternativa metod är baserad på Androids updateringsprocess. En fristående variant av Android A/B Update är implementerad och och jämförd med bsdiff, med avseende på tiden det tar att generera en patch och storleken av den. Resultatet visar att bsdiff genererar mindre patchar. Däremot är bsdiff också betydligt långsammare. Vidare ökar tiden linearitmisk då storleken på patchen ökar. Detta innebär att Android A/B Update kan vara en bättre lösning för att updatera en styrenhet som innehåller ett filsystem. Det beror dock på vad som värderas högst; en mindre patch eller att processen att skapa patchen ska vara snabbare.

The backbone of this dissertation is a discussion of the adaptability of optical fiber modes of transmission. The technological boom in commercial vehicles tends to include more electronic components and more data flow. The traditional copper transmission is reliable but has drawbacks. At present optical fiber, technology is in huge demand in fields like avionics, medicine, and communication across continents. The drastic shift to fiber was due to the enormous increase in capacity. Simultaneously the commercial vehicle sector is advancing in the direction of sensors that require a non-disruptive data flow. Furthermore, autonomous driving technology pushes the transition from copper to optic fiber. One expects optical fiber to supplant the traditional copper cables in the future. The dispersion and scattering losses need to be studied as well as the difference in cost.

No description available.

The machines and vehicles of today are very advanced with several electronic controlunits (ECUs) tasked with monitoring and performing various tasks. These ECUs com-municate with each other via the onboard Control Area Network (CAN bus). When anerror occurs or the need for maintenance arises, an external computer needs to be con-nected to the control area network (CAN bus) to enable, among others, troubleshootingand maintenance of the various ECUs connected to the system.The central question we explore in this thesis is whether it’s feasible and practical tomove the service system library for these machines onto an existing resource-constrainedECU with a display already present within the system, thereby eliminating the need foran external computer. This solution streamlines maintenance processes by increasing themaintainability of the machines and vehicles when an external computer is not availableand reduces downtime by lowering the Mean Time To Diagnose (MTTD).In the end, a majority of the main functions of the service library were integrated intoan ECU with a display, only missing the ability to flash new firmware to other deviceswithin the CAN bus system. This proves that the theory behind the project is correct, andwith more time the missing feature could have been implemented.