Information is the currency of our world. Making right decisions requires having reliable, comprehensive and thorough information still at hand. The tools that can provide it? Information systems. However, the purpose of today's information systems is more than to just collect and store information: they need to integrate numerous data sources (both internal and external), identify essential pieces of information and set them apart from the rest, and provide the people relying on them a clear picture of the situation. In short: they should offer unified, user-friendly, well-structured and comprehensive view of business reality. This paper focuses on the first stage of an information system design. Concerned primarily with the business analytical phases of an IT project, it presents an insight into the process of business reality exploration and description through conceptual data model and architecture vision articulation.

This thesis explores the potential to unify three emerging disciplines: enterprise engineering, enterprise architecture and enterprise ontology. The current fragmentation that exists in literature on enterprise alignment and design constrains the development and growth of the emerging disciplines. Enterprises need to use a multi-disciplinary approach when they continuously align, design and re-design the enterprise. Although enterprises need to be aligned internally (across various enterprise facets), as well as externally (with the environment), most alignment approaches still focus on business-IT alignment, i.e. aligning the business operations with the information and communication technologies and systems of the enterprise. This study focuses on a popular business-IT alignment approach,called the foundation for execution approach, and its associated artefact, called the operating model. The study acknowledges the theoretical contribution of the operating model to establish the required level of business process integration and standardisation at an enterprise in delivering goods and services to customers. Highlighting the practical problems in selecting an operating model for an enterprise, and more specifically the practical problems of identifying process reuse potential at an enterprise, a thesis statement is formulated: The operating model concept, as part of a business-IT alignment approach, can be enhanced with a process reuse identification framework, when a business-IT alignment contextualisation is used. The study is divided into two research questions. The first research question addresses the current fragmentation that exists in the literature, which impairs reuse of the existing business-IT alignment knowledge base. An inductive literature review develops the Business-IT Alignment Model to provide a common contextualisation for current business-IT alignment approaches. The second research question addresses the practical problems of the operating model regarding the identification of process reuse potential at an enterprise. Applying the newly developed Business-IT Alignment Model as a contextualisation instrument, the study demonstrates the use of design research in developing the Process Reuse Identification Framework. The conclusion after the investigation of the two research questions is that the thesis statement was confirmed, i.e. the operating model concept, as part of a business-IT alignment approach, can be enhanced with a process reuse identification framework, when a business-IT contextualisation is used. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Industrial and Systems Engineering / Unrestricted

Organization Performance Analysis Framework (OPAF) is a Metamodel which analyzes performance of organizational structure using Enterprise Architecture Analysis Tool (EAAT). This quantitative analysis is used to find out which structure is good at learning, motivation, efficiency, productivity, etc. and how to change it. Current framework does not include IT and how it affects the organizational structure. This thesis work will try to find out how IT affects organizational structure, directly and indirectly. The effect is translated in Object Constraint Language (OCL) and inserted in the model. The framework IT-OPAF is used to analyze three real life organizations and see the changes in performance when IT is introduced. This will validate the findings and also recognize pattern of the effect of IT on organizational structure.

EU insurance companies work on implementing the Solvency II directive, which calls for stronger focus on data quality and information controls. Information controls are procedures that can validate data at rest and data in motion to detect errors and anomalies. In this master thesis a case study was carried out at AMF, a Swedish pension insurance company, to identify and investigate their critical data flows and the controls performed in the respective flows. A purpose of this project is to help AMF ensure data quality requirements from the Financial Supervisory Authority that they have to fulfill. The thesis was conducted at AMF between September and December 2015, and included tasks such as carrying out interviews, Enterprise Architecture modeling, analysis, prototyping, product evaluation and calculation of a business case.  A gap analysis was carried out to analyze the needs for change regarding existing information controls at AMF, where different states of the company are documented and analyzed. The current state corresponds to the present situation at the company including attributes to be improved while the future state outlines the target condition that the company wants to achieve. A gap between the current state and future state is identified and elements that make up the gap are presented in the gap description. Lastly, possible remedies for bridging the gap between the current and future state are presented.  Furthermore, a prototype of an automated control tool from a company called Infogix has been implemented and analyzed regarding usability, governance and cost.  A benefits evaluation was carried out on the information control tool to see whether an investment would be beneficial for AMF. The benefit evaluation was carried out using the PENG method, a Swedish model developed by three senior consultants that has been specially adjusted for evaluation of IT investments. The evaluation showed that such an investment would become beneficial during the second year after investment. / Försäkringsbolag i EU arbetar med införandet av Solvens II-direktivet som kräver att företag har ett större fokus på datakvalitet och informationskontroller. I detta examensarbete har en fältstudie utförts på AMF som är ett svenskt pensionsbolag. Arbetet har gått ut på att identifiera och undersöka kritiska dataflöden i företaget samt kontroller som utförs i dessa flöden. Ett syfte med arbetet var att hjälpa AMF att kunna påvisa att man uppfyller krav från finansinspektionen på datakvalitet och spårbarhet. Projektet utfördes under perioden september till december hösten 2015, vilket inkluderade arbetsuppgifter såsom intervjuer, Enterprise Architecture-modellering, implementering av prototyp, produktutvärdering samt kalkylering av ett business case.  En gap-analys har utförts för att analysera behovet av förändringar på de nuvarande informationskontrollerna som finns på AMF, där olika lägen har dokumenterats och analyserats. Nuläget motsvarar hur situationen ser ut på företaget i dagsläget och fokuserar på de attribut som man vill förbättra, medan önskat läge beskriver de mål som företaget vill uppnå. Ett gap mellan nuläge och önskat läge identifieras tillsammans med de faktorer som utgör skillnaden mellan dessa lägen presenteras. Till sist presenteras tänkbara åtgärder för att uppnå önskat läge. Som en del av detta examensarbete har en prototyp av ett automatiserat kontrollverktyg från ett företag som heter Infogix implementerats och utvärderas med avseende på användbarhet, styrning och kostnad. En nyttovärdering har utförts på kontrollverktyget för att undersöka huruvida en investering skulle vara gynnsam för AMF. Nyttovärderingen gjordes med hjälp av PENG, en svensk nyttovärderingsmodell utvecklad av tre ekonomer/IT-konsulter, som har anpassat speciellt för att bedöma IT-investeringar. Värderingen visade på att en sådan investering skulle komma att bli gynnsam under andra året efter att investeringen gjordes.

Network documentation is often a low-priority task at many companies. Despite this, there are many benefits that should be considered against the fact that it is a comprehensive job. Good network documentation can provide companies the opportunity to reduce dependence on individuals, take proactive decisions and save money. Network documentation mainly consist of physical and/or logical topology descriptions that describes the logical and/or physical layout of the network. These so-called architectural views focus on technology rather than the services and features that the company's network provides. To simplify communication between stakeholders with different areas of knowledge, e.g. between an engineers and corporate management, I propose a model that complement traditional visual description of a network. With the help of viewpoint frameworks such as Kruchten's "4+1" model, I want to visualize relationships between corporate services, business processes, applications and the underlying infrastructure. A qualitative case study at a company with needs of network documentation has resulted in a prototype, a viewpoint framework, based on concepts of enterprise architecture. Analyzing a use case together with the prototype demonstrated that the prototype can visualize relationships between different layers in an organization. The prototype can be used as a starting point or guidance for those who want to document architecture of an enterprise network. The prototype can serve as means of communication in order to justify the investment that in turn ensures a modern energy-efficient operating environment that creates conditions for sustainable information- and communication technology. / Nätverksdokumentation är ofta lågt prioriterat på många företag idag. Men det finns många fördelar som borde vägas mot det faktum att det är ett omfattande jobb. Bra nätverksdokumentation kan ge företag möjligheten att minska personberoende, ta proaktiva beslut och spara pengar. Nätverksdokumentation består huvudsakligen av fysiska och/eller logiska topologidiagram, som beskriver nätverkets utformning. Dessa så kallade vyer fokuserar mer på teknik än de tjänster och funktioner som företagets nätverk tillhandahåller. För att förenkla kommunikation mellan olika intressenter med olika kunskapsbakgrund, t.ex. mellan ingenjörer och ledningen på ett företag, föreslår jag en modell som kompletterar den traditionella visuella beskrivningen av ett nätverk. Med hjälp av ramverk för vyer som t.ex. Kruchtens "4+1" modell, vill jag synliggöra samband mellan företagets tjänster, affärsprocesser, applikationer och den underliggande infrastrukturen. En kvalitativ fallstudie hos ett företag med behov av nätverksdokumentation har resulterat i en prototyp, ett ramverk för vyer, som bygger på koncept inom verksamhetsarkitektur. Analys av ett användarfall med prototypen som underlag demonstrerade att modellen kan synliggöra samband mellan olika skikt i en organisation. Prototypen kan användas som utgångspunkt för den som vill dokumentera arkitekturen hos ett företagsnätverk. Min modell kan fungera som ett kommunikationsmedel för att kunna motivera investeringar i nätverket, som i sin tur säkerställer en modern driftmiljö som skapar förutsättningar för hållbar informations- och kommunikationsteknik.

La presente tesis hace referencia a una propuesta de Arquitectura Empresarial para el macroproceso de Atención Hospitalaria de una Clínica privada, esta propuesta permitirá alinear los objetivos estratégicos del negocio con las Tecnologías de Información. En el primer capítulo, se abordan conceptos base para el desarrollo de la tesis como la descripción del sector salud en el Perú y los principales marcos de referencia de arquitectura empresarial. En el segundo capítulo, se conoce a la empresa y se detalla la misión, la visión, los valores y los principios de la organización, así como sus objetivos estratégicos, el mapa de procesos y su estructura organizativa. Además, se identifica los puntos de dolor clave del macroproceso de Atención Hospitalaria. En el tercer capítulo, se realiza el análisis y evaluación de la situación actual del macroproceso de Atención Hospitalaria con la finalidad de plantear mejoras a través de indicadores evaluados. Así mismo, en esta sección se define la propuesta de solución basada en el marco de referencia TOGAF empleando la metodología ADM hasta la quinta fase de su desarrollo. En el cuarto capítulo, se lleva a cabo la evaluación financiera del portafolio de proyectos producto del análisis de brechas realizadas en el capítulo anterior para determinar si el portafolio es viable financieramente. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones y recomendaciones producto del desarrollo del trabajo de investigación. / The current thesis details an Enterprise Architecture proposal for one of the main macro processes of the Healthcare Clinic, which is the Hospital Care, to allow the alignment of strategic objectives with information technologies. On the first chapter, concepts such as the healthcare industry in Peru and the main enterprise architecture frameworks are described as base for the thesis development. On the second chapter, current situation of the organization is detailed along with the mission, vision, values, principles, strategic objectives, macro processes and structure. Furthermore, key pain points are identified within Hospital Care macro process. On the third chapter, the analysis and evaluation of the selected macro process takes place, and a solution is proposed based on TOGAF as framework by applying the first five phases of ADM. This evaluation is done to improve the indicators and obtain better results. On the fourth chapter, the project portfolio financial evaluation is developed. This project portfolio is elaborated because of the gap analysis on the previous chapter to determine its financial viability. Finally, as consequence of the research, the current document provides conclusions and recommendations. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto desarrolla una propuesta de implementación de arquitectura empresarial integrada con tecnologías de inteligencia artificial. El resultado es proveer una propuesta de solución enfocada a la problemática identificada en los procesos comerciales del área de Soporte a la Operación: Identificar Oportunidades Comerciales y Gestionar Oportunidades Comerciales, los cuales actualmente son realizados de manera manual por especialistas del negocio, y la ejecución de tareas operativas o de análisis que, en diversos casos, se convierten en cuellos de botella, conlleva a la pérdida de oportunidades comerciales. Para ello, se ha propuesto un cambio en los procesos de negocio, con el objetivo de automatizar las actividades que demandan más tiempo y tienen alto impacto en el desarrollo de las oportunidades comerciales. El presente documento está compuesto por seis capítulos. Se inicia con la presentación de la empresa objeto de estudio, la problemática que se desea resolver, los objetivos del proyecto, incluyendo cómo medir su cumplimiento, el impacto que tendrá el proyecto en la empresa objeto de estudio y el análisis de factibilidad, tanto técnica como económica. Luego, se presenta el marco teórico, que contiene los conceptos claves que han brindado soporte a la solución propuesta, y bajo los marcos de trabajo TOGAF y ZACHMAN, utilizando la metodología ADM, se desarrolla el análisis del negocio y la identificación de requerimientos. Por último, se presenta el resultado del proyecto, que contiene la definición de la arquitectura del sistema propuesto y el plan de dirección del proyecto, que recoge las buenas prácticas del PMBOK® sexta edición y la metodología desarrollada por la empresa objeto de estudio. / This project develops a proposal to implement a business architecture integrated with artificial intelligence technologies. The result is to provide a solution proposal focused on the problem identified in the business processes of the Operation Support area: Identify Business Opportunities and Manage Business Opportunities, which are currently performed manually by business specialists, and the execution of operational or analytical tasks that, in some cases, become bottlenecks leading to the loss of business opportunities. In order to achieve this, a change in business processes has been planned, with the objective of automating activities that require more time and have a high impact on the development of business opportunities. This document is comprised of six chapters. It begins with the presentation of the company under study, the problem to be solved, the objectives of the project, including how to measure compliance, technical and economic impact the project will have on the company under study and the feasibility analysis. Then, the theoretical framework which contains the key concepts that have provided support to the proposed solution is presented and the business analysis and the identification of requirements are developed under the TOGAF and ZACHMAN frameworks, using the ADM methodology. Finally, the result of the project which contains the definition of the architecture of the proposed system and the project management plan is provided, which includes good practices of the PMBOK®️ sixth edition and the methodology developed by the company under study. / Tesis

El presente proyecto de tesis tiene como enfoque brindar a una empresa dedicada a la digitalización documental la propuesta de automatizar las actividades del proceso de línea de producción de microformas por medio de un sistema web la cual será montada en una plataforma Cloud de tipo PaaS con la finalidad de controlar eficientemente el proceso y detectar con prontitud los problemas para tomar acciones correctivas con el objetivo de ser más eficientes y rentables. En el capítulo 1, se describe la definición del proyecto donde se da a conocer la organización objeto en estudio, el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos del proyecto y los indicadores de éxito del proyecto. En el capítulo 2, se describe los student outcomes y como se aplican en el desarrollo del proyecto. En el capitulo3, se describe los conceptos teóricos que serán utilizados en el desarrollo del proyecto. En el capítulo 4, se describe el desarrollo del proyecto el cual incluye el marco de trabajo Zachman, utilizado para el análisis del negocio e ingeniería de procesos, la propuesta de solución, el análisis de requerimientos, el modelado del sistema y el diseño de la arquitectura de software trabajados con el modelo C4. En el capítulo 5, se describe los resultados obtenidos del proyecto según la propuesta planteada. En el capítulo 6, se describe la gestión del proyecto utilizando la guía de buenas prácticas del PMBOK®. En el capítulo 7, se describe las conclusiones del proyecto planteado en esta tesis. / The focus of this thesis project is to provide to a company which is dedicated to document digitization with the proposal to automate the activities of the microform production line process through a web system which will be mounted on a PaaS-type Cloud platform with the purpose of efficiently controlling the process and promptly detecting problems to take corrective actions to be more efficient and profitable. In chapter 1, the definition of the project is described where the organization under study, the problem statement, the project objectives, and the project's success indicators are made known. In Chapter 2, the student outcomes and how they are applied in the development of the project are described. In chapter 3, the theoretical concepts that will be used in the development of the project are described. In Chapter 4, the development of the project is described which includes the Zachman framework, used for business analysis and process engineering, the solution proposal, requirements analysis, system modeling and the design of the software architecture worked with the C4 model. In chapter 5, the results obtained from the project according to the proposed proposal are described. In Chapter 6, project management using the PMBOK guide is described. In chapter 7, the conclusions of the project proposed in this thesis are described. / Tesis

El presente proyecto profesional tiene como finalidad realizar una propuesta de arquitectura empresarial para una empresa comercial dedicada a la producción, venta y distribución de huevos de gallina. En efecto, se propone una solución que permita lograr una mejora substancial en el proceso de la planificación de entrega de productos a sus clientes finales, mejora que así mismo permitirá un proceso de distribución más eficiente, un manejo más eficiente de sus recursos, un mejor uso del tiempo de entrega y en consecuencia una mayor satisfacción del cliente final. Cambios que le permitirán continuar consolidándose como una de las principales empresas industriales avícolas. El objetivo general del presente proyecto es contribuir a lograr los objetivos estratégicos de la empresa referidos al mercado y gestión de ventas mediante el análisis de los principales pilares de la arquitectura empresarial como son los datos, procesos, aplicaciones y tecnología, aplicados a su área de entrega de productos. Así como también mediante la mejora de sus procesos relacionados y de esta manera poder obtener una mejora importante en la gestión de ventas. En el primer capítulo, se presenta información sobre el objeto de estudio, la misión, la visión y los objetivos estratégicos. En el segundo capítulo, se presenta información de la definición y obtención de los student outcomes en el presente proyecto. En el tercer capítulo, se presenta información sobre el marco teórico que nos ayuda a comprender los conceptos referidos al huevo como producto natural, a la arquitectura empresarial, modelos de referencia tecnológica y metodologías agiles que pueden utilizar. En el cuarto capítulo, se presenta información correspondiente al desarrollo del proyecto utilizando los marcos de trabajo ZACHMAN, TOGAF y el modelo arquitectural 4C. Finalmente, en el quinto capítulo se presenta información correspondiente al plan del proyecto. / Purpose of this professional project is to make a business architecture proposal for a marketing industrial company of production, sale and distribution of hen eggs. It is a proposal for achieve a substantial improvement in delivery planning of products to final customers. Improvement that will do efficient distribution process, efficient management of its resources, improvement in use of delivery time and consequently greater satisfaction of final customer. Changes that will consolidate to client as one of the main poultry industrials companies. The general objective of this project is to contribute to achieving the strategic objectives of the company related to the market and sales management through the analysis of the main pillars of business architecture such as data, processes, applications and technology, applied to its area of product delivery. As well as by improving its related processes and in this way being able to obtain a significant improvement in sales management. The first chapter presents information about the object of study, mission, vision and strategic objectives. In the second chapter, information about definition and obtaining of student outcomes. Third chapter is referred about the theoretical framework that helps us understand the concepts related to the egg as a natural product, to business architecture, technological reference models and agile methodologies. In the fourth chapter, information corresponding to the development of the project is presented, ZACHMAN, TOGAF frameworks and the 4C architectural model. Finally, in the fifth chapter, information corresponding to the project plan is presented. / Tesis

Under två decennier har utvecklare inom mjukvarutestning utvecklat testtekniken Modell-baseradtestning. Tekniken bygger på att man genererar testfall från en modell (tex i UML), istället föratt manuallet skriva testfall. Detta kan göra testprocessen mer effektiv, vilket leder till att merarbeten kan göras på kortare tid. Det kan också ses som en ekonomiskt fördel för företag därtestning är huvudområdet. Modell-baserad testning har goda omdömen och teorin för teknikenär väl dokumenterad i artiklar, arbeten samt böcker. Mycket tyder på att tekniken rent teoretisktär användbar i praktiken dessutom finns det väldigt lite kritik mot tekniken. Men trots alltdetta har Modell-baserad testning inte blomstrat inom IT-industrin.Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på vad anledningarna skulle kunna vara till att MBT intelyckats bättre inom industrin. I arbetet används tre olika MBT-verktyg för att testa och sedanjämföra om resultatet i praktiken blir som teorin beskriver tekniken. Studiens resultat pekar påatt tekniken fortfarande är omogen och många brister kring Modell-baserad testning stöts på. / For two decades, software testing developers have developed the Model-based testing technique.The technology is based on generating test cases from a model (e.g. in UML) instead of manuallywriting test cases. This can make the test process more efficient, which leads to more workcan be done in less time. It can also be seen as an economic benefit for companies where testingis the main area. Model-based testing has good reviews and the theory of the technique is welldocumented in articles, works and books. There are many indications that the technology istheoretically useful in practice, with a very few criticisms of the technology. Despite all this,Model-based testing has not expanded in the IT industry.The purpose of this study is to find out what the reasons could be to the fact that MBTdid not succeed better in the industry. In this thesis, three different MBT tools are used totest and then compare whether the result in practice becomes as the theory describes the technique.The result of the study indicates the opposite direction and many shortcomings regardingModel-based testing come across.