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Syfte - Denna studie syftar dels till att undersöka sambandet mellan upplevd autonomi på arbetsplatsen och upplevd utbrändhet. Samt att vidare undersöka huruvida upplevd autonomi har en direkt effekt på utbrändhet eller om effekten medieras genom upplevd yrkesmässig självförmåga (OSE) och resiliens.  Metod - Studiens design utgjordes av en kvantitativ tvärsnittsundersökning i form av fysiska strukturerade enkäter administrerade bland 165 operatörer inom en större svensk industriell organisation. Insamlade data analyserades i en seriell mediator-modell med en regressionsbaserad approach.  Resultat – Upplevd autonomi visade ett svagt, men statistiskt signifikant negativt samband med utbrändhet. Resultaten indikerar även att OSE och resiliens medierar effekten av sambandet mellan autonomi och utbrändhet i ett seriellt förhållande där OSE är positivt associerat med resiliens.  Slutsats - Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur upplevd hög autonomi på arbetet relateras tillökad självförmåga samt högre resiliens och därmed minskar risken för utbrändhet. Resultatet bekräftar tidigare forskning där högre autonomi kan bidra genom att arbetaren innehar resurser till att undvika utmattning. Däremot indikeras att individer med hög självförmåga och resiliens hanterar stressfulla situationer effektivt, vilket kan minska risken för att drabbas av utmattningssyndrom. / Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the effect of perceived job autonomy on burnout. That includes to further investigating if perceived job autonomy affects burnout in a direct pattern or if the effect mediates through occupational self-efficacy (OSE) and resilience in a serial relationship. Methodology – A serial multiple mediator model was empirically tested using a regression-based approach. A total of 165 industrial workers at a larger factory in Sweden participated in the study. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Findings – Job autonomy showed a weak, but statistically significant negative effect on burnout. The results obtained indicated that both OSE and resilience mediated the association in a serial relationship as OSE was positively associated with resilience. Conclusions – This study further expands possible variables and their functions in explaining the relationship between job autonomy and burnout by testing a serial process mechanism that involved OSE and resilience. As expected, the indirect effects of OSE and resilience showed stronger associations with burnout in comparison to job autonomy. The results provide suggestions to organizations for minimizing the risk of burnout among industrial workers. Further research is needed to provide stronger evidence for suggested relationships, limitations are discussed.

The present study examines how the relationship between workplace bullying and mental health can be influenced by emotional exhaustion, and how the intensity in this relationship can be affected by the individual’s psychological capital, and access to social support from colleagues and supervisors. The studys theoretical framework is based on the Job Demand-Control-Support model, the Job Demands-Resources model and the Conservation of Resources theory. Data were collected at Indian workplaces and included 139 participants. The study used a self-report questionnaire and was analyzed with mediation and moderation as main analysis methods. In line with previous research, results showed that psychological capital as a whole moderated the negative effects on mental health that follow from being exposed to workplace bullying. Emotional exhaustion was found to be a mediator in the association between workplace bullying and mental health problems. Psycological capital resilience fully moderated the mediating association between workplace bullying and mental health problems via emotional exhaustion. Psychological capital optimism moderated the association between bullying and emotional exhaustion, but not the full mediation. Social support was shown not to moderate the negative effects of workplace bullying on mental health, which does not support previous findings.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka huruvida upplevd kvalité på tränare- idrottare relation (närhet, engagemang och komplement), idrottsidentitet och motivationsklimat (prestationsorienterat- och uppgiftsorienterat-motivationsklimat) kan predicera symptom på utbrändhetsdimensionen emotionell och fysisk utmattning hos unga elitsatsande ungdomar lagidrottare. Ungdomarna kombinerar sin elitsatsning med att gå utbildning RIG eller NIU. Studien bestod av 92 deltagare (48 män och 44 kvinnor). För att delta i studien fanns vissa krav, vara mellan 15 till 20 år (M=16.96 SD=.706), studera via NIU eller RIG samt att ingå i en lagsport. Föreliggande studie använde den integrerade modellen av idrottslig utbrändhet (Gustafsson et al., 2011) för att kunna skapa en större förståelse för idrottslig utbrändhet. Studiens resultat utifrån regressionsanalysen visade att det fanns ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan alla variabler i tränare – idrottare relation (närhet komplement och engagemang) vilket går att säga att dessa tre variabler kan predicera symtom på emotionell och fysisk utmattning hos elitsatsande ungdomar. Det betyder att relationen mellan tränare och idrottare är av vikt för att undvika uppkomsten av emotionell och fysik utmattning. De andra variablerna idrottsidentitet och motivationsklimat (prestationsorienterat- och uppgiftsorienterat-motivationsklimat) visades sig inte vara signifikant vilket gör att de inte går att predicera symtom på emotionell och fysisk utmattning. Resultatet från studien synliggör att tränare- idrottare relation är viktigt för att förebygga uppkomsten av emotionell och fysisk utmattning. / The aim of the study was to investigate whether the perceived quality of the coach-athlete relationship (closeness, commitment and complement), sports identity and motivational climate (performance-oriented and task-oriented motivational climate) can predict symptoms of the emotional burnout dimension and physical exhaustion in young elite team athletes. The athletes combine their elite effort by attending training at RIG or NIU. The study consisted of 92 participants (48 men and 44 women). The study's requirements were for the participants to be between 15 and 20 in age (M=16.96 SD=.706), study via NIU or RIG and to be part of a team sport. The present study used the Integrated Model of Sport Burnout (Gustafsson et al., 2011) to create a greater understanding of sport burnout. The results of the study, based on the regression analysis, showed that there was a significant relationship between all variables in the coach-athlete relationship (closeness, complement and commitment) which indicate that all three variables can predict symptoms of emotional and physical exhaustion in elite youth. This means that the relationship between coach and athlete is important to avoid the onset of emotional and physical exhaustion. The other variables, athletic identity and motivational climate (performance-oriented and task-oriented motivational climate) were not found to be significant, which means that they cannot predict symptoms of emotional and physical exhaustion. The result of the study show that the coach-athlete relationship is important to prevent the occurrence of emotional and physical exhaustion.

Denna essä undersöker fenomenet trötthet som det framträder i psykoterapeutens yrkesutövning och tar stöd i filosofen Emmanuel Levinas tankar om trötthetens ögonblick som uppkomsten av ett varande i varat, och författaren Peter Handkes utforskande av en trötthet som öppnar sig mot världen. Kampen mot tröttheten, som den tidige Levinas beskriver, innebär gestaltandet av en existentiell fördömelse medan att släppa taget och bejaka tröttheten (Handke) utgör en möjlighet att möta världen utan själviska avsikter. I ljuset av psykoterapeutens uppiggningstekniker och ett samhälle som starkt betonar ett energiskt görande framträder tröttheten i vissa lägen som en etisk praktik som kan relateras till den sene Levinas tankar om den Andre som oändlighet. / This essay examines the phenomenon of fatigue as it appears in the psychotherapist's professional practice and is supported by philosopher Emmanuel Levinas' thoughts on the moment of fatigue as the emergence of a being in being, and the writer Peter Handke's exploration of a fatigue that opens up to the world. The struggle against fatigue, as the early Levinas describes, is an embodiment of an existential condemnation, while letting go and affirming fatigue (Handke) constitutes an opportunity to face the world without selfish intentions. In the light of the psychotherapist's invigorating techniques and a society that strongly emphasizes an energetic doing, fatigue emerges in some situations as an ethical practice that can be related to the late Levinas' thoughts on the Other as infinity.

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Stressrelaterad ohälsa är en av de vanligaste sjukskrivningsorsakerna i västvärlden. I Sverige diagnostiseras vanligen långvarig stressrelaterad ohälsa som utmattningssyndrom. Vid utmattningssyndrom är kognitiva besvär ett framträdande symptom som kan vara långvarigt.  Kognitiv nedsättning vid utmattningssyndrom har tidigare fastställts utifrån en normativ ansats, vilket innebär att jämförelse görs med en icke-klinisk normgrupp. En annan metod är att använda en ideografisk ansats, vilket innebär att jämförelse görs med personens premorbida kognitiva nivå. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur stor andel av patienter med utmattningssyndrom som uppvisar kognitiv nedsättning, utifrån en normativ respektive ideografisk ansats, samt hur kognitiv funktion relaterar till arbetsförmåga i patientgruppen. Data i denna studie utgörs av pretestmätningen från RECO-studien i Västerbotten. Patientgruppen bestod av 127 deltagare med utmattningssyndrom och normgruppen av 60 friska deltagare. Samtliga genomförde ett kognitivt testbatteri. Data analyserades med hjälp av olika gränsvärden för att undersöka frekvensen och andelen procent kognitivt nedsatta. Resultatet visade att andelen som uppvisade kognitiv nedsättning ökade då ideografisk ansats användes, men att majoriteten, oavsett ansats, var kognitivt intakta. Vidare sågs signifikanta samband mellan självskattad arbetsförmåga och kognitiv funktion utifrån ideografisk ansats, men inte utifrån normativ ansats. Dessa resultat tyder på att premorbid kognitiv nivå kan vara viktigt att ta hänsyn till vid bedömning av kognitiv funktion vid utmattningssyndrom. Vidare forskning inom området behövs, exempelvis där en större normgrupp används. / Stress-related illness is one of the most common sick leave causes in the Western world. In Sweden long term stress-related illness is usually diagnosed as exhaustion disorder. In exhaustion disorder, cognitive deficits are a prominent symptom that can be long-lasting. Cognitive impairment in exhaustion disorder has previously been determined based on a normative approach, which means that comparison is made with a non-clinical norm group. Another method is to use an idiographic approach, which means that comparison is made with the person's premorbid cognitive level. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of patients with exhaustion disorder who display cognitive impairment, based on both normative and idiographic approaches, and how cognitive function relates to work ability in the patient group. The data in this study consists of the pretest measurement from the RECO study in Västerbotten. The patient group consisted of 127 participants with exhaustion disorder and the norm group of 60 healthy participants. All participants completed a cognitive test battery. The data were analysed using different cut-offs ​​to examine the frequency and percentage of cognitively impaired. The results showed that the proportion who showed cognitive impairment increased when the idiographic approach was used, but that the majority, regardless of the approach, were cognitively intact. Furthermore, significant relationships were seen between self-estimated work ability and cognitive function based on an idiographic approach, but not based on a normative approach. These results suggest that premorbid cognitive level may be important to consider when assessing cognitive function in exhaustion disorder. Further research in the area is needed, for example where a larger norm group is used.

Exposure to high heat and humidity can lead to serious health risks, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and heat index have historically been used to predict heat stress events, but individualized factors are not included in the measurement. It has been shown that there is a relationship between cardiovascular measurements and heat stress, which could be used to measure heat stress risk on an individual level. Research has been done to find relationships between cardiovascular metrics in a workplace environment, however the study did not include the use of a controlled environment as a baseline. This study provides measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), heart rate, body core temperature, and blood pressure in a controlled environment when human subjects are exposed to high heat and humidity. Thirty subjects (n=17 females, 13 males) were asked to self-express their activity level (active vs. sedentary), gender, and age. The subjects performed a 30-minute moderate exercise routine on a stationary stepper machine in a heated environmental chamber (average WBGT of 26ºC). TEWL, heart rate, tympanic temperature, and blood pressure were recorded at every 10-minute increment of the exercise protocol per subject. The data was analyzed using JMP® software to find significant (P

Teacher attrition and retention has become a major issue facing education policymakers and practioners as our nation's school age population continues to grow, but the teaching workforce does not. This study seeks to examine the impact of certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) on burnout levels in educators. The potential benefits to teachers who pursue NBPTS certification include a sense of professional pride, new leadership roles and responsibilities for teachers, recognition of outstanding teaching practice, and higher salaries (Shapiro, 1995). Some of these potential rewards seem to address a number of the factors that are related to the onset burnout, and therefore may reduce teacher attrition. The study utilized the Maslach-Leiter conceptual framework to examine burnout, which breaks the burnout construct into three separate dimensions; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The research questions sought to determine if there was a difference between National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs) and their non-certified peers in each of these dimensions of burnout. The research sample consisted of the NBCTs and a comparable random sample of their non-certified peers from a large urban school district in the Central Florida area. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey was used a basis of comparison of the burnout levels. The two groups were compared utilizing an independent samples t-test. The instrument utilized in this study also included demographic questions, as well as questions that were designed to measure the various elements of the Maslach-Leiter theoretical model of burnout. These questions and the independent variable NBPTS certification were included in a multiple regression analysis in order to determine if the differences noted between the groups using the independent samples t-tests were in fact a result of NBPTS certification, and not the theoretical model itself. The instruments were mailed in the fall of 2006, and were returned to the researcher anonymously. A total of 476 surveys were returned, for a response rate of 52%. The independent samples t-tests revealed significant differences between NBCTs and their non-certified peers on all three dimensions of burnout. An examination of the individual scores for each group revealed that in each of the dimensions showed that the NBCTs demonstrated lower levels of experienced burnout in each dimension. The multiple regression analyses that were conducted to confirm that NBPTS certification was in fact a significant factor in the development of each burnout dimension revealed mixed results. Emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment were both found to have a significant negative relationship with NBPTS certification, which indicates that the NBCTs are significantly less burned out then their non-certified peers. Despite the initial finding of significance in the independent samples t-test, NBPTS certification was not found to be a significant factor in the onset of the depersonalization dimension of burnout. This relationship needs further exploration in future studies. The significant difference between the research and control groups in this study suggests that NBPTS certification may reduce burnout levels in at least two dimensions. Legislators and policymakers at the state and federal levels have provided millions of dollars to support NBPTS certification. These findings seem to indicate that this financial support has impacted burnout levels in educators, and may therefore warrant examination as a strategy to address the issue of teacher attrition.

Объект исследования является эмоциональное выгорание. Предметом исследования является эмоциональное выгорание офисных работников и фрилансеров. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (67 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 92 страницы, на которых размещены 13 рисунков и 8 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме эмоционального выгорания. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию показателей синдрома и особенностей эмоционального выгорания. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: диагностика эмоционально выгорания В. Бойко, опросник профессионального выгорания MBI Х.Маслач, в адаптации Водопьяновой и шкала тревожности Спилберга- Ханина.Также в главе представлен сравнительный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of research is burnout. The subject of the research is the emotional burnout of office workers and freelancers. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (67 sources) and an appendix that includes the forms of the applied methods. The volume of the master's thesis is 92 pages, which contain 13 figures and 8 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, the purpose and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified, as well as the stages of the research, the scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes an overview of the domestic and foreign literature on the subject of fifth-graders school adaptation. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of burnout. The sections devoted to the study of indicators of the syndrome and features of emotional burnout are presented. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout V.Boyko, Maslach's MBI professional burnout questionnaire, adapted by Vodopyanova, Spielberger-Hanin Anxiety Scale. Also, the chapter presents a comparative analysis, of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses. The practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of the problematics are described.