Die Arbeit untersucht die Stellungnahmen der NPD-Fraktion im Sächsischen Landtag auf rechtsextremistische Inhalte. Dafür werden die entsprechenden Abschnitte der Plenarprotokolle aus dem ersten Teil der 4. Legislaturperiode (Oktober 2004 bis Juli 2006) mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse untersucht.

This paper aims to examine the development of political thinking of Heathenry and the factors that determine the political identity of particular heathen groups, namely their tendency to right-wing radicalism. The first chapter (after introduction) consists of four case studies; each one represents a different type of group in regard to where and under which circumstances they emerged, to the context that has been shaping their religious and political beliefs, and to the way they legitimize their possible political activism. The following two chapters analyze the historical influences that marked the difference in the ideological development of the two main types of Heathenry, Ásatrú and Odinism, in two distinct cultural milieus - Europe and the US. The final chapter is a synthesis of the case studies in relation to their historical background. The outcome of this synthesis offers a possible interpretation of the process of radicalization of the heathen groups. KEY WORDS: New religious movements, Germanic neopaganism, religious racism, political religion, nationalism, extremism, Asatru, Odinism

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur kommuner arbetar mot våldsbejakande extremism. Intervjuer har genomförts med lokala samordnare mot våldsbejakande extremism och personal inom socialtjänsten i tre olika stora kommuner, som kommit olika långt i sitt arbete mot våldsbejakande extremism. Av resultatet framträder kunskap, lokalkännedom och samverkan som återkommande teman, och dessa diskuteras mot bakgrund av tidigare forskning med utgångspunkt i domänteori. När resultatet analyseras dras slutsatsen att det gör skillnad om initiativ till arbetet mot våldsbejakande extremism kommer underifrån (professionens domän) eller ovanifrån (politikens eller förvaltningens domäner), men att ökad samverkan leder till att våldsbejakande extremism hanteras mer som ett socialt problem och mindre som ett säkerhetspolitiskt problem.

Thesis closely deals with two heavily discussed aspects of contemporary society, that are very strongly inter-connected. The first aspect of society is the problem of right-wing radicalism and extremism in Czech republic, which manifests itself by xenophobic and hateful behavior, which then disrupts public order and therefore is related to Police of Czech republic, whose job is to prevent the ruptures in order. Thesis deals with development of extremism and Police of Czech republic since 1989 and how the police reacts to this development by adequately improving its equipment, tactics, etc. The year 1989 has been set because it is the year when political regime changed and new rules in society were established. Organizational structure of the police itself is discussed in detail, considering their interventions at events organized by right-wing radicals and extremists, which nowadays most often take form of demonstrations and meetings. Keywords The Police of the Czech Republic, radikalism, extremism, gathering, order police units, anti-conflict team, security measures.

The barbaric and targeted killings of police officers have become a growing epidemic facing the nation. An immediate consequence has created the monumental task in protecting the men and women who daily put their lives on the line on behalf of the public. Staggering national numbers over these last ten years has indicated a strong surge in the number of law enforcement officers being ambushed by domestic extremists. The purpose of the current research study was to present an overall awareness and threat picture to the law enforcement and academic communities to better educate men and women in law enforcement and to explain who exactly are these domestic extremist groups and/or individuals carrying out this violence and their ideologies and traits that make them crave such an outcome. The current research study utilized a strong exploratory qualitative focus by interviewing several law enforcement members and intelligence personnel in the Hampton Roads, Virginia, area to (a) gauge their jurisdictional domestic extremist threat picture; (b) to understand what policing tactics were being employed currently to produce effective “officer safety” protocols while embracing community relationships (if any); and (c) what recommendations they may have for other jurisdictions that will keep safe law enforcement men and women. If one law enforcement life can be saved from the current research study, then every second spent on the research was well worth it.

Spikes of militancy, intolerance, ethnic division and sectarianism have all risen within Pakistan in recent years, yet Pakistan’s continuous battle to deter violent extremism fails to be successful. Following the December 16, 2014 Army Public School (APS) massacre in Peshawar Pakistan little empirical attention has been paid on how the Pakistani government, in the Northwest region of Pakistan, is countering violent extremism (CVE). As well as, its link to policy-making decisions on CVE. This dissertation study sought to analyze the currently active CVE narrative that Pakistan implemented into its Constitution in 2014. This qualitative explanatory case study project focused on operational links that could be traced over time. A content analysis of secondary sources of Pakistani political briefings and press conferences relating to the Pakistani 21st amendment was carried out to identify important themes that emerged. The qualitative analysis of the data generated five themes: (1) word-based agency, (2) knowledge & governance, (3) accountability, (4) closure, and (5) deontic orientation. To assist in addressing the research question, a critical holistic historical qualitative case study analysis was preferred because of its unique strength in incorporating various sources of evidence. Several suggestions of the findings are discussed. These include suggestions for practice and theory, bench-marking of the 21st amendment, and the inclusion of stakeholders in the CVE process.

The purpose of this quantitative case study was to address the problem of domestic terrorism facing the United States. This concern led to a comprehensive examination of historical documents that focused on the temporal evolution of the problem beginning with the Carter administration and continuing through the Obama administration. The conceptual foundation centered on resolving the research question and validating three hypotheses directed at qualifying the escalation of domestic incidents of terrorism. This led to developing a behavioral model to assist law enforcement agencies in combating the issue of domestic terrorism. Bivariate and clustering statistical analysis validated the data while qualifying the demographics of the various typologies of U.S. domestic terrorists. The use of case study analysis, which drew on historical documents for evidence, considered the evolution of various groups, motivations, their ideologies, and goals. These variables were compared to successes and failures of relevant federal policies. The lack of understanding and oversight that led to an escalation of the number of incidents was also evaluated. Using ethical and scientific guidelines and protocols, the study’s findings promote the need for future research and highlight the dangers of repeating the past. By developing a behavioral model, this study gives law enforcement a valuable tool for resolving domestic terrorism. Additional considerations relate to future policy implications and the course of future research.

No description available.

No description available.

Online crime, in general, is increasing these years, crimes committed through technology that is almost impossible for the authorities to solve and prevent. The average Danish teenager spends six hours a day on online forums, and studies on how content affects the user show that the users do get affected by the content. How do practitioners prevent teenage users from being embedded in extremist online communities when there are no national guidelines or research to support an evidence-based approach to prevention? Practitioners give presentations on this topic to teenagers and other professionals and seek to create stabile strong social bonds among peers and talk openly about pitfalls of the internet with the teenagers.  This thesis applies Social Learning Theory and Social Bond theory in the understanding of why some users get radicalized through online forums. Applying these theories is relevant because mirroring propaganda, creating norm deviating social bonds and a “them and us” detachment from the surrounding norm society can be explained by these theoretical perspectives – and can all be precursors towards extremist behavior.  The practitioners believe that they are navigating in a field where the need for knowledge is huge, and the methodological approach highly relies independently on the practitioner themselves. The main theoretical discussion is based on the founding hypothesis that being exposed to extremist content either leads to nothing or an increase in deviant behavior. The theoretical perspective in this thesis and previous research suggests that there is a causal link between traditional real-life risk factors and online crime, but also attachment to deviant online communities can lead to extremism – just as it is in a real-life setting.