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Qiu Hong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99). / List of Tables and Figures --- p.v / List of Symbols and Abbreviations --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theoretical Model --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Empirical Investigation --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- Empirical Studies on Chinese Economy --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Review of Openness and Pattern of Regional Development in China --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1 --- About the Openness --- p.11 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pattern of Regional Development in The Post-1978 Period --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Data Issues and Methods of Estimation --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1 --- Data Issues --- p.17 / Chapter 4.2 --- Selection of Methods of Estimation --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Neoclassical Growth Accounting : Bench-Mark Model --- p.23 / Chapter 5.1 --- The Bench-Mark Model --- p.23 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- The Contribution of Human Capital --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Export and Economic Growth --- p.43 / Chapter 7.1 --- Review of Provincial Export Performance --- p.43 / Chapter 7.2 --- Export Growth : Model and Results --- p.43 / Chapter 7.3 --- Export Share --- p.52 / Chapter 7.4 --- Inter-Sector Spillover : A Feder Type Analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 7.5 --- Understanding Superior Contribution of Exports In NIA and SC : Composition of Export --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Determinant of Economic Growth : Barro Style Analysis --- p.73 / Chapter 9.1 --- Openness : Exports and FDI --- p.73 / Chapter 9.2 --- Human Capital --- p.74 / Chapter 9.3 --- Interaction of Human Capital and Export --- p.77 / Chapter 9.4 --- Convergence --- p.79 / Chapter 9.5 --- Fisical Policy --- p.82 / Chapter 9.6 --- Reform of Price System --- p.88 / Chapter 9.7 --- Ownership Reform --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Chapter 10.1 --- Summary of Main Findings --- p.91 / Chapter 10.2 --- Suggestion on Further Study --- p.93 / Reference --- p.95

The 1990s were characterized by severe turbulence in the global economy. Economic and financial crises occurred in Latin America, Middle and Eastern Europe and Asia. This analysis distinguishes between the two socioeconomic criteria "transitional" and "emerging" region. Transitional countries are former centrally planned socialist economies and emerging countries former agricultural-oriented classical developing economies with mostly a history of military or some other kind of autocratic dictatorship. The resources for the analysis are data sets regarding investment, exchange rate behavior, government finance, international liabilities of monetary authorities and inflation. The study reveals macroeconomic patterns associated with economic development in each socioeconomic region. It is shown that similar patterns are responsible for successful and non-successful performance in each region. A comparison of different regions shows many parallels between emerging economies, but only little similarity between transitional economies.

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A discourse submitted to the Faculty of Town and Regional Planning, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for Master or Science in Development Planning. / Development planning plays an important role in integrating the actions and behaviours of groups and individuals with the needs of the economy. and thus in ensuring the continued reproduction of capitalism. An understanding of the history of development planning in South Africa and in Southern Pinetown through the tools of regulation theory, shows how the apartheid "development planning process' for a limited amount of time, arguably favoured the needs of racially skewed capital by securing stability and control over an exploited, black workforce, Within the post apartheid era characterised by constant and unprecedented change, development planning needs to become impregnated within the fabric of society. The role for planners and the local state is therefore to impart a strategic planning mind set into the diverse forces and components, whose combined actions together create the urban form. / Andrew Chakane 2019

Since World War II the five historic Central American nations, Costa Rica, EI Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, underwent a period of aggregate economic growth which was followed by a collapse of dramatic proportions. All five countries experienced an economic downturn in the latter 1970s which led to several years of declining GDP and GDP per capita, together with an economic and social disarray which is typically referred to as "la crisis" in Central American literature. The intent of this study is to present an argument for the position that the economic collapse of the five Central American nations was due in considerable part to their failure to pursue economic development in a manner which would generate sustainable increase. Based on a conception of modern economic growth and the statistical studies of Simon Kuznets and others since the 1940s, a set of indicators was selected for the purpose of clarifying the structural transformation referred to as economic development. This formulation of economic development was then used to distinguish the process from the simple aggregate expansion known as economic growth. The economic development indicators were also applied to the statistical records of two east Asian economies which were comparable in many respects to the Central American nations shortly after World War II. Both Taiwan and South Korea, like the nations of Central America, emerged from the 1940s as dominantly agricultural, dualistic, importers of manufactured consumer goods. The study begins with an examination of the growth versus development issue in economic theory, proceeds to discussion of the historical record of the two sets of nations, consideration of the indicators, evaluation of the data, and conclusions based on the data. The development indicators clearly distinguish the records of the Central American nations from those of the east Asians. Whereas both Taiwan and South Korea illustrate the expectations of structural transformation in economic development as defined by Simon Kuznets, the Central American nations obviously do not. Conclusions are drawn that the policies which were followed by the two east Asian nations generated the complex structural transformation which characterizes an industrialized economy. The strictly market driven policies of Central America, on the other hand, generated simple aggregate growth for a number of years without a change in the structure of the economy. The study presents evidence that the Central American nations avoided structural change during the post-World War II period in anticipation of receiving the benefits of growth without undergoing the costs of a change in structure. Such a change in structure would have required reorganization of long-standing historic patterns of national social, economic and political interaction.

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