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The backwardness of developing countries is of concern to all students of economic development, particularly to those concerned with formulating programs for correcting regional inbalances within these countries. To this end, a lot of theories have been put forward by economists and by regional geographers.In this thesis an examination is trade of the growth pole theory and its applicability to solving the problems of regional inbalances in developing countries. First, the theory is examined in the light of other development theories. Second, an evaluation is made of the success of growth pole policies and programs in Latin America where a large variety of such programs have been studied. Last, on the basis of knowledge and experiences in Latin America, a theoretical growth pole model is made for Rhodesia. This model employs urban systems on a regional basis do correct inbalances caused by "line-of rail" development, a situation typical of developing countries.

This dissertation comprises three essays. In the first two chapters, I examine the performance of Chinese firms in the context of trade liberalization: one chapter looks at the quality of China's exports and the other investigates the productivity impact of China's tariff reduction. In the third chapter, I study the change induced by a tax reform in the institutional incentive structure faced by Chinese village leaders.

This PhD. dissertation consists of three essays to fill some gaps in the recent research in international trade and endogenous growth theory. The first essay explores the dynamic effect of interaction of research and development (R&D) activities among countries on endogenous economic growth. It attempts to fill the gap between the current endogenous growth research focused on independent R&D activities and decision-making in the international competition and the interdependent R&D competition in reality. This paper finds that the growth rates, welfare, and investment on R&D in the world do differ between independent R&D activity and interdependent R&D activities among countries. The welfare for each country in the open-loop Nash equilibrium is higher than that of the Markov-perfect Nash equilibrium, and both are lower than that in the cooperative game. The model shows that the ability to commit turns out to make every country better off. The interesting results are that when an increase in the number of countries does increase the growth rate in the open-loop Nash equilibrium, it is very possible to have the negative effect on the growth rate in the Markov-perfect equilibrium. Particularly, the model shows that the tendency of free-ride rises with more countries in the competition. The more general models with durable physical capital, and with the endogenous rate of time preference following Uzawa-Epstein tradition, also prove these conclusions. / The second essay turns to the Samuelson-Diamond overlapping generation paradigm, a finite-horizon overlapping generations model with education proposed by Michel (1993). The focus is shifted to the effect of trade on growth. It turns out that when trade affects the formation of human capital, endogenous growth is possible even in the simplest economy with a single sector and constant returns to scale technologies, which is opposite from Boldrin's (1992) and Jones and Manuelli's (1992) results. / While the existing theory of trade under oligopolistic competition is mostly static in nature, the third essay fills this gap by modeling international trade under oligopoly in a dynamic setting. This essay adopts the dynamics in the model provided by allowing the demand curve to shift over time as a result of "habit formation". It shows that when the importing country is committing to a policy of voluntary import expansions (VIEs), in the certain condition (i.e. k > 1), VIEs can improve the global welfare, the welfare of the importing country, and the profit of both firms. So, in a sense, voluntary import expansion is truly voluntary.

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Following the sharp rise in oil prices in late 1973 and early 1974, most oil exporting countries adopted highly expansionary fiscal and monetary policies aimed at rapid development of their economies. In Nigeria the role of the public sector since then has been significantly increased as most of the oil revenue accrues directly to the Federal government rather than to individuals. Given the host of economic problems faced by the country in the 1970s the debate over the role of the public sector in a mixed capitalist economy in the process of economic growth gains more relevance. / The essence of this study is to analyze the consequence of alternative patterns of government policy on economic growth in Nigeria. The study provides a general framework that is useful in studying the effects of alternative government policies on the domestic economy and also in analyzing alternative patterns of allocating the sudden increase in domestic resources. Using policy simulation experiments, an alternative policy package is suggested and the relative effectiveness of various policy instruments used by the government are examined.

The panorama of economic development witnessed of an interesting tempo for the scholars on examining their field of interest. It is identified that the agriculture growth has been the linchpin of economic development in the 1950s. This period marked the outset of rapid overall economic development for Taiwan through the policy measures drawn by the government. The present study essentially deals with policies lessons that Haiti may learn from the experience of Taiwan’s economic development over its early stages of this course, while examining the interaction between agriculture and industry affected overall development. It turns out that the nature of this interaction is the key to development, in contrast to Western style like what the industrialization was firstly perceived as the panacea for the developing economies. This study examines that Taiwan’s experience shows the fundamental role played by agriculture and the strong synergy that occurred between farming and fledgling industry. It also shows that economic development had to depend largely on a mutual enhancement between agriculture and industry, with industry gradually drawing both labor and capital from agriculture during the period that industry was small relative to agriculture; this linkage was symbiotic and profound. In this regard, the agriculture sector was an engine of growth in Taiwan and will be crucial to the current development of Haiti, as a poor country. History has witnessed that, for the great majority of developing countries, a dynamic agriculture will be necessary for the process of economic development from its early stages. Given that the agricultural sector is highly important in the economies of most developing countries, and that its performance has been quite disappointing in all but a few of them; the agriculture development strategies of many countries need to be reexamined and reformulated. The present study can be of some help in attaining this objective.

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves [199]-209. / x, 209 l tables

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 155-161. / Microfiche. / ix, 161 leaves ill