O objetivo do presente trabalho foi definir os objetivos de seleção e estimar os valores econômicos para característica de importância econômica em um sistema de bovinos de corte criados em regime de ciclo completo, além de estimar os parâmetros genéticos para características produtivas, reprodutivas e de qualidade de carcaça avaliadas no programa de seleção Nelore Brasil. O desenvolvimento do modelo bioeconômico foi realizado considerando as informações do sistema de produção e dos parâmetros biológicos com objetivo de estabilizar o rebanho e calcular o número de animais em cada categoria, obter as informações de desempenho produtivo e econômico (receita e despesas) do sistema pecuário, e por fim a obtenção dos valores econômicos das características contidas no objetivo de seleção em sistema de ciclo completo, que para tal, foram utilizadas planilhas interligadas do programa Microsoft Excel®. Os valores econômicos foram estimados simulando o aumento de 1% no valor da característica do objetivo de seleção, mantendo as demais constantes. A estimação dos parâmetros genéticos foi pelo método de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) usando o modelo animal, utilizando o software WOMBAT e o ganho genético anual para as características de reprodução, carcaça e desenvolvimento ponderal foi estimado pela regressão linear do valor genético (VG) em função do ano de nascimento. O modelo bioeconômico foi eficaz na estimação das fontes de receitas e despesas do sistema de produção e os valores econômicos estimados seguindo a ordem de importância para o ciclo completo foram R$ 3,69 para peso ao abate de macho (PAM), R$ 3,63 para peso a desmama de macho (PDM), R$ 3,58 para taxa de desmama (TD), R$ 3,40 para peso ao abate de fêmea (PAF), R$ 2,30 para peso a desmama de fêmea (PDF) e R$ 0,13 para peso ao adulto de vaca (PAV). Portanto, o PAM foi à característica de maior impacto no sistema de produção, porém, todas promoveram retorno econômico positivo com exceção do PAV que foi praticamente nulo. As estimativas de herdabilidade para as características de produção, reprodução e qualidade de carcaça foram favoráveis ao progresso genético por seleção direta. As correlações estimadas demonstram que machos com maior perímetro escrotal tendem a ser mais pesados e esses apresentarem maior rendimento e acabamento da carcaça. O processo de Resumo 13 seleção empírica utilizado pelo programa Nelore Brasil está sendo eficiente, de acordo com os resultados positivos dos progressos genéticos nas estimativas de tendência. Portanto todas as características avaliadas no sistema de ciclo completo tiveram importância econômica positivas, indicando que o processo de seleção trariam aumentos de lucratividade e as avaliadas geneticamente poderiam ser incluídas como critério de seleção contribuindo com a maximização da resposta esperadas para as características do objetivo de seleção. / The objective of this study was to define the objectives of selecting and estimating economic values for characteristics of economic importance in a system of beef cattle raised in fullcycle scheme. We also aimed to estimate the parameters for genetic reproductive and productive characteristics of carcass quality evaluated in the breeding program Nellore Brazil. The bio-economic model was developed considering the information and production system of biological parameters to stabilize the herd and calculate the number of animals in each category, obtain information on economic performance (revenue and expenses) of the livestock system, and finally to obtain economic values of the characteristics contained in the objective of selection in full-cycle system. We used interlinked spreadsheets in the Microsoft Excel®. The economic values were estimated by simulating the increase of 1% for the value of the characteristic of objective selection, keeping the others constant. The estimation of genetic parameters was obtained by the method of Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) using the animal model in the WOMBAT software and genetic gain for annual breeding characteristics; weighted carcass and development were estimated by linear regression of genetic value (GV) depending on the year of birth. The bio-economic model was effective in estimating revenue and expenditure sources of the production system and the estimated economic values, following the order of importance for the complete cycle, were R$ 3.69 for slaughter weight of male (SWM), R$ 3.63 for weaning weight of male (WWM), R$ 3.58 for weaning rate (WR), R$ 3.40 for the slaughter weight of female (SWF), R$ 2.30 for weaning weight of female (WWF) and R$ 0.13 for adult cow weight (ACW). Therefore, SWM had the greatest impact on the production system, however, all aspects promoted positive economic return with the exception of ACW, which was practically null. Heritability estimates for production, reproduction and carcass characteristics and quality were favorable to genetic progress for direct selection. The estimated correlations demonstrate that males with larger scrotal perimeter tend to be heavier and have higher carcass yield and finishing. The empirical selection process used by the program Brazil Nellore is efficient, according to the positive results of the genetic progress in trend estimates. Therefore, all features evaluated in the fullAbstract 16 cycle system had positive economic importance, indicating that the selection process could bring gains in profitability and the genetically evaluated characteristics could be included as a breeding criterion, contributing to the maximization of the expected response for the traits of interest in breeding programs.

L’utilisation excessive des produits phytosanitaires provoque des problèmes de santé publique et environnementaux du fait de leur toxicité. Dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche interdisciplinaire entre géographie et agronomie, l’objectif est d’analyser la résilience des exploitations agricoles et leur capacité à faire face au changement des pratiques phytosanitaires. Pour y répondre, nous nous sommes basés sur la conception d’une méthode d’évaluation des pratiques phytosanitaires à différentes échelles spatiales et d’un modèle technico-économique d’optimisation des traitements phytosanitaires et de gestion des risques liés aux pesticides. Ce travail consiste à mettre à la disposition des acteurs du territoire des outils d’aide à la décision pour une gestion intégrée de l’usage des pesticides au niveau du bassin versant de l’étang de l’Or au Sud de la France. Cette étude est basée sur l’utilisation de plusieurs outils pluridisciplinaires : les techniques de programmation mathématique, d’analyse statistique et les Systèmes d’Informations Géographiques (SIG), en introduisant des indicateurs agri-environnementaux de pression phytosanitaire (IFT) et de risque de toxicité sur la santé de l’applicateur et sur l’environnement (IRSA, IRTE), ainsi que des indicateurs économiques. La combinaison de ces indicateurs définit les différentes catégories de résilience des exploitations agricoles et la capacité de leur système de production à faire face au changement de pratiques phytosanitaires. Ce concept de résilience, associé à l’analyse spatiale des indicateurs agri-environnementaux et économiques à l’aide d’un SIG, permet de mettre en place des outils génériques d’aide à la décision afin de trouver un compromis entre les différents acteurs pour faire face aux problématiques de l’iniquité spatiale et socio-économique de la pollution phytosanitaire diffuse. Les résultats d’analyse multi-échelle permettent la mise en place des stratégies de gestion des risques liés aux pratiques phytosanitaires en fonction de la vulnérabilité du milieu naturel sur un territoire et en assurant des résultats économiques convenables aux exploitations agricoles. / The excessive use of plant protection products has caused public health and environmental issues dueto their toxicity. As part of this interdisciplinary research work between geography and agronomy, theobjective is to analyse the resilience of farms and their capacity to deal with the change of plantprotection practices. In order to answer this objective, our work is based on the design of a method forassessing plant protection practices at different spatial scales and on a technical-economic model foroptimising plant protection treatment and managing risks related to pesticides. This work consists inproviding territorial actors with decision-support tools for an integrated management of pesticide useat the “Etang de l’Or” catchment area in the South of France. This study is based on the use of severalmultidisciplinary tools: mathematical programming techniques, statistical analysis and GeographicInformation Systems (GIS), by introducing agri-environmental indicators for plant protection pressure(TFI) and risks of toxicity on the applicator’s health and on environment (IRSA, IRTE), and economicindicators. The combination of these indicators defines the different categories of farms resilience andcapacity of their production systems to deal with the change of plant protection practices. The conceptof resilience, combined with spatial analysis of agri-environmental and economic indicators usingGIS, allows implementing generic decision-support tools to find a compromise between the differentactors to deal with problems of spatial inequality and socioeconomic in term of phytosanitary diffusepollution. The results of multi-scale analysis allow implementing management strategies of risksrelated to plant protection practice based on the vulnerability of the natural environment on a territoryand ensuring suitable economic outcomes to farms.

The purpose of the dissertation thesis is to prepare transport techno-economic models which will be able to estimate the transportation cost for selected scenarios. The main goal is to describe the complex transport chains in waste management, using different types of transportation (road, rail) and transport different types of waste. The key element of preparing techno-economic models is the identification of input parameters which are important for estimating the cost of transport. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly identify the processing facilities that will be part of complex transport chains. The total outputs will be presented in the form of a feasibility study.

The dissertation thesis is focused on the issue of energy recovery of waste. It contributes to optimization models developed in the author's workplace in the long term, which serve to simulate material flows in waste management and to search for an optimal waste management strategy. The main objective is to assess the potential for the use of heat produced in waste-to-energy plants as a key factor for the economy of these facilities. The thesis therefore represents an activity on the border of the fields of waste management and heating. Partial mathematical models were developed within the scope, for which it was necessary to collect input data, especially in relation with district heating networks. These models were then used in a comprehensive optimization model describing the integration of waste-to-energy plants with other heat sources. This main model was extended to include the environmental aspect.

El presente artículo pretende demostrar, partiendo del estudio del neoliberalismo, que el modelo económico de economía social de mercado contenido en la Constitución Política del Perú debe ser interpretado desde su esencia y principios fundamentales; por lo que, la necesidad de un cambio de modelo económico es innecesaria. Por ello, se plantea la necesidad de retomar sus fundamentos iniciales, así como interpretarlo desde el principio de subsidiariedad para establecer las adaptaciones necesarias al entorno social y económico actual, de manera que otras ramas del derecho como el mercantil y el de competencia puedan adaptarse desde la esencia del modelo. / This article aims to demonstrate, starting from the study of neoliberalism, that the economic model of the social market economy contained in the Political Constitution of Peru must be interpreted from its essence and fundamental principles, therefore, the need for a change in the economic model it is unnecessary. Therefore, the need arises to return to its initial foundations, as well as to interpret it from the principle of subsidiarity to establish the necessary adaptations to the current social and economic environment, so that other areas of law such as both, commercial and competition law, can adapt from the essence of the model.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18256号 / 工博第3848号 / 新制||工||1590(附属図書館) / 31114 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 谷口 栄一, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

In Indonesia, the various mining commodities and the amount of resources and reserves are promising, as evidence there are numerous large-scale mining companies and small-scale mines in operation. In 2014 there were 41 companies that held the CoW (mineral contract of work) and 13 companies active in production; and 76 CCoW (coal contract of work) holders, and 57 companies active in production. As well as this, there are more than a thousand small-scale mining companies active for mining commodities. However, mining commodities provide a resource that is not renewable. This will potentially lead to prolonged problems when mining companies do not adhere to good mining practices, particularly in the closing stages of the mine. Mine closure is the final stage in the process of mining activity. In certain circumstances, closure activities can take a long time and of course can have huge costs. In fact, at this stage, the company is no longer making profit, only incurring costs for the project closure. To prevent problems that may arise after the mine is closed, such as abandoned post-mining land, and the bankruptcy of the company at the end of mining operations, etc., then through specific rules, ie rules of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 18 of 2008, the mining company in Indonesia must provide a certain amount of money as a financial guarantee to finance the planned closure project; it must be approved by the government before entering this phase. However, problems are encountered in practice. The government may become overloaded because they have to quickly make a decision on the closure plan submitted by the company. So a tool is needed that can be used to assess the feasibility as soon as the mine closure plan is proposed by a company, these tools can provide an overview and a variety of options for decision making. In this dissertation methodology was developed to create a systems dynamic model of mine closure. The model developed can be applied to a variety of mining methods and for various mining commodities. The model can be used to determine the closure costs, to choose the closure project-financing scenario, and up to micro and macro economic analysis of mining activities in the region. In the case studies conducted in this dissertation, the best scenario of the mine closure planning is to include the everlasting fund in the form of time deposits, and convert the post-mining land for agriculture. The amount of deposit money is about USD 358,986,500 should be spare at the end of mine production, and the total of mine closure cost to be approximately USD 440,757,384. Agriculture, the economic sector as a substitute for the mining sector, the added value to the GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) is about 0.25 % / a for the province, and 1.68 % for the regency, but the contribution of the mining sector to GRDP was 30% / a at province scale, and 90% / a at regency scale. So that the substitution value is less significant to GRDP growth. However, this scenario is the best scenario among others, due to consideration is the certainty of ecological and economic sustainability. it is the best goal of corporate social responsibility to the environment in the post- mining land.

<p>In the Central Hardwood Region, the quantity and quality of hardwood timber critically depend on forest management decisions made by private landowners, since they hold the largest share of woodlands, some of which are plantations. These plantations are in a unique and critical position to provide much-needed hardwood resources. However, there is a lack of research and tools enabling rigorous assessments of profitability of long-term investments in hardwood plantations. Partially due to this, the majority of these privately held plantations remain unmanaged.</p> <p>This study aims at providing scientific evidence and tools to help promote forest management on hardwood plantations held by private landowners. To this end, I demonstrate in Chapter 1 an economic-modeling approach that minimizes establishment costs while ensuring free-to-grow status by year 5, and crown closure by year 10. Using temperate hardwoods such as black walnut and red oak as focal species, I find a black walnut plantation can attain crown closure in year six at the lowest cost ($4,540/ha) with 6 feet x 7 feet spacing, herbicide application for the first year, and fencing. For red oak, the minimum-cost option ($5,371/ ha) which achieves crown closure in year 10 requires a planting density of 6 feet x 7 feet, herbicide application for the first three years, and fencing. Modelling uncertainty in growth and mortality in a stochastic counterpart shifts optimal solutions to denser plantings for black walnut; planting more trees is, thus, risk mitigative. Based upon these research outcomes, I identify the tradeoffs between efficacy of treatments towards establishment success viz a viz their relative costs which serve as a solid foundation for the assessment of subsequent management strategies.</p> <p>Next, in chapter 2, I first calibrate growth, yield, and crown-width models for black walnut trees with existing and new tree measurements on selected Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC) plots. Using spatial information on trees, I develop an individual tree level thinning model and simulate their post-thinning growth and yield. Significant predictors of annual diameter growth between years 10 to 18 include the initial tree DBH, forest edge effects, distance-dependent neighborhood competition, and tree age. Significant edge effects exist up to 3 rows and 3 trees from the non-forested edge. A tree on the perimeter rows grows 0.30 cm (0.12in.) in DBH more per year than the interior trees, between years 10 to 18. Next, I dovetail my results from the spatially explicit thinning model with the USFS Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) to understand the impacts of different scenarios of planting densities, site productivities, thinning treatments, and expected yields (as percentage of the total volume) of veneer sawlogs to quantify the growth and profitability from the mid-rotation until the final harvest. To support the attendant financial analyses, I incorporate risk into these projections by simulating stochastic windthrows based on certain assumptions. My projections suggest that, without the threat of windthrow damage, the net present day value (NPV) could exceed $4,900 per acre on the highest quality sites (SI =100) and high densities at planting (6 feet x 6 feet), assuming 10% or more of final volume was veneer and using a 3% discount rate. In contrast, under simulations of probable windthrow disturbances from mid-rotation to final harvest, the chances that standing timber value at harvest exceeds $5,000 per acre are 43.13% for a 96- and 90-year rotation and increase to 45.48% for 75 and further to 56.04% for 60.</p>

Although Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Real-Time Location System (RTLS) technologies for inventory tracking have been growing in popularity, the healthcare industry has been reluctant to adopt these technologies. One of the primary reasons for this lack of enthusiasm has been the risk associated with electromagnetic interference between RFID/RTLS systems and medical equipment functionality. The other reason has been the substantial cost and complexity of implementing RFID/RTLS in healthcare organizations. In this study, we show that there are several ways to safely install RFID/RTLS systems to improve the inventory management processes of hospitals and clinics. We then analyze the inventory shrinkage (loss and theft) data of the Veterans Health Administration VISN 10 (the Veterans Integrated Service Network of Ohio) using a mathematical model to estimate the annual shrinkage. Finally, we develop an economic cost/benefit analysis database system in Microsoft Access that can be used to calculate the breakeven point of RFID/RTLS implementations, as well as calculate the expected reduction in inventory- related operating costs. This system can be adapted for cost/benefit analyses in similar inventory-intensive environments.

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