This thesis addresses designing Product Lines (PLs) of Graphical Editors (GEs). It provides a feasible top-down design approach specialized on such Graphical Editor Product Lines (GEPLs), which can be configured dynamically. Furthermore, the end product's features are implemented modular, which has numerous positive effects on the development and maintenance processes for the family. These effects reach from decreasing the complexity of big PLs, allowing to delegate split up development tasks onto multiple isolated working teams, easier debugging and flexibility to extend or specialize a family of products as well as being able to use functionalities developed by third-party vendors. While design methods avoiding monolithic architectures and implementations exist for many PL domains, there are none known for GEPLs. Yet, the domain of those offers many challenges as GEPLs are actually comprised of Software Product Lines (SPLs) and Language Product Lines (LPLs), which is a combination untackled by any modular design approach known to me. Additionally, products in the domain require to implement multiple distinct and specific concerns, leading to artifacts which differ significantly but have to be located and managed in a single component. Overall, this justifies the need for specialized design approaches for the GEPL domain. In regard to this need, this thesis gives an overview of the existing landscape of approaches to design PLs, analyzing solutions offered by other researchers. Furthermore, a requirement analysis for the GEPL domain is conducted. Its results are the foundation for the presentation of a top-down design approach for dynamically configurable GEPLs, which are implemented feature modularly. Finally, a case study documenting the development of such a family of GEs is providing a proof of its feasibility.:1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Problem Definition 1.3 Outline 1.4 Terminology 2 Survey on Software and Language Product Line Design 2.1 Classification Scheme 2.1.1 Domain 2.1.2 Configuration 2.1.3 Design Method 2.1.4 Modularity 2.2 Overview 2.3 Discussion 2.3.1 Evaluation 2.3.2 Results 3 Requirements of Graphical Editor Product Lines 32 3.1 Functional Requirements 3.1.1 Edit Concerns 3.1.2 Language Family Concerns 3.2 Non-Functional Requirements 3.2.1 User Requirements 3.2.2 Development Requirements 4 Design of Graphical Editor Product Lines 4.1 Characteristics 4.2 Design Approach 4.2.1 Edit Concerns 4.2.2 Language Family Concerns 4.3 Discussion 4.3.1 Techniques 4.3.2 Evaluation 5 Case study: Modularization of a Family of Graphical Editors 5.1 Background 5.1.1 Compartment Role Object Model 5.1.2 Full-fledged Role Modeling Editor 5.1.3 Reusable Technology 5.2 Realization 5.2.1 Edit Concerns 5.2.2 Language Family Concerns 5.3 Discussion 5.3.1 Requirements 5.3.2 Limitations of the Modularization 5.3.3 Results 6 Conclusion 6.1 Summary 6.1.1 Desired Properties 6.1.2 Feasibility 6.2 Contributions 6.3 Future Work 6.3.1 Bottom-Up Design Method 6.3.2 Requirements 6.3.3 Modularization

The use of no-code editors makes developing web applications more accessible since they are based on Graphical User Interface elements instead of conventional programming languages. This allows users without previous programming experience to design web-application interfaces. However, designing web applications with no-code editors can be a daunting process for beginners without design experience. This study therefore investigates which aspects of no-code editors can support novice designers when designing aesthetically pleasing web-application layouts. A usability analysis of three state-of-the-art no-code editors was conducted using the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework. The main aspect that impacted usability in the no-code editors was a difficulty aligning and positioning elements due to hidden dependencies and unforeseen actions. Based on this finding, a prototype was developed to address these issues. The prototype introduced the concept of a "Golden Ratio Guide", a visual guide intended to support the alignment and positioning of elements. A user study was conducted with inexperienced designers (n=5) to test if the Golden Ratio Guide helps with designing aesthetic web-application layouts. Contrary to expectations, a survey with users of such web-applications (n=36) showed that the web-layouts designed without the Golden Ratio Guide were preferred. / Att använda sig av programmeringsfria redigeringsprogram för att utveckla webbapplikationer bidrar till en större tillgänglighet då de är baserade på grafiska användargränssnittselement istället för konventionella programmeringsspråk. Detta tillåter användare utan tidigare programmeringserfarenhet att designa webbapplikationsgränssnitt. Men att designa webbapplikationer i ett programmeringsfritt redigeringsprogram kan vara en skrämmande process för nybörjare utan designerfarenhet. Denna studie undersöker därför vilka aspekter av programmeringsfria redigeringsprogram som stödjer nybörjare med att designa estetiskt tilltalande layouter för webbapplikationer. En användbarhetsanalys av tre programmeringsfria redigeringsprogram relevanta inom fältet genomfördes med hjälp av ramverket Cognitive Dimensions of Notations. Den huvudsakliga aspekten som påverkade användbarheten i programmeringsfria redigeringsprogram var svårigheten att anpassa och placera element på grund av dolda beroenden och oförutsedda händelser. Baserat på denna upptäckt utvecklades en prototyp för att lösa dessa problem. Prototypen introducerade konceptet med en "Gyllene Snittet Guide", en visuell guide avsedd att stödja anpassning och positionering. En användarstudie genomfördes med oerfarna designers (n=5) för att testa om guiden baserad på det Gyllene Snittet hjälper med att designa estetiska layouter för webbapplikationer. Tvärtemot förväntningarna visade en undersökning med användare av dessa webbapplikationer (n=36) att webblayouterna som designats utan guiden baserad på det Gyllene Snittet föredrogs.

本論文旨在探討影響新聞人員專業獨立性的因子。研究採問卷調查法，以我國報業編 輯、記者為對象，探討其生活滿意度、對勞動基準法中有關法則之看法、以及對同業 公會之期望等。 一、序論：說明研究動機、研究目的、與研究問題。 二、有關研究與文獻探討。 三、新聞人員專業保障之研究。 四、研究結果之分析。 五、結論與建議。

<p>The human enters into the information age in 21st century; the computer science and technology are developed at full speed, and already infiltrate into various field extensively. Resultantly manual drawing gradually is phased out, for those designers who have no prior experience in the computer operation are concerned, they need to have a kind of two-dimensional graphical tool. Graphics editor system arose to the request for designing planar figures for people who have little knowledge in computer.</p><p>This paper describes the development process of this system what is studied for the foundation, utilize object-oriented method to analyze, design with computer figure, and adopt Visual C ++ 6.0 as the developing platform. All these have been finished after 1 month or so. It designs to be two-dimensional graphical software with diverse function which operates simply, easy to study, mutual interface friendly graphics editor system and has satisfied some figure users at present with the new demand as well.</p><p>The following main functions have been realized in this application: It can draw various figures, such as dot, line, circle, arc, parabola and curve, modify them and comprehensive editing. Figure editor includes translation, mirroring, rotating and some similar operations. Comprehensive drawing includes drawing polygon (sealed and arbitrary polygon), round tangent line, round circle contact, line circle contact, some circle contacts and so forth. Meanwhile obtain the point of intersect between the arbitrary crossing, and draw different figures basically according to the points of intersect. By the way, it is capable to cancel and redraw the editing.</p>

What space does the mind occupy? A standard response to this question might be to locate the mind within the brain. However some argue that our mental processes also extend beyond the boundaries of the brain. Gallagher & Zahavi (2008) have termed these two views of the mind: internalism and externalism. In cinema, the role of editor as mediator between the cognitive activities of filmmakers, audiences and the editing equipment, makes their practice particularly suited for investigating these two seemingly incompatible views. When editors cut or join chunks of sound and image, they assemble externally what some would recognise internally as the mind’s fluctuations between one object of attention and the next. Their activities reveal a side of cinema, but also of the mind, which is usually hidden from view. The purpose of this thesis will therefore be to show how studying the process of editing contributes to our understanding of the relationship between mind and world. In order to address the question of where the editor’s mental processes are located, this study applies a phenomenographic methodology. Rather than attempt to understand cognition from a preconceived or objectively constituted position, phenomenography starts by examining variation in how a group of individuals view a particular process. This leads toward research findings that are presented from a ‘second-order perspective’ (Marton, 1981). In this thesis an understanding of how audiovisual material is selected and sequenced is revealed through fourteen interviews with British editors and directors. From the analysis of these interviews a framework emerged of five critical interrelated ways to approach the editing process. This evidence suggests that the cognitive process occurs in virtue of an editor’s physical activities, the editing equipment, plus a broader network of social and cultural relations that support the filmmaking environment. Refuting the belief that the mind is separate from the world, the editor’s mental processes are to be found distributed amongst a variety of internal and external features of their environment. The outcome of this thesis is a phenomenographic perspective on the editing process. This, I conclude, will help to inform cognitive scientists of the kinds of mental processes that editors are aware of. It also provides a wider audience of scholars with a framework for further research on variation in the process and practice of editing.

Tato diplomová práce se věnuje především rozšířením týkající se systému AR2NL, jenž slouží pro převod asociačních pravidel do přirozeného jazyka. Pro samotný převod těchto pravidel se používají množiny formulačních vzorců. Také se využívají tabulky s elementárními výrazy a tabulky pro skloňování podstatných jmen, časování sloves apod. Uvedené tabulky jsou závislé na věcné oblasti, kterých se asociační pravidla týkají. Přestože je systém AR2NL účinný nástroj pro snadnější porozumění asociačním pravidlům, jeho podstatnou slabostí je nesnadná úprava formulačních vzorců. Z toho důvodu bylo potřeba vytvořit AR2NL Editor, jehož úkolem je usnadnit práci nejen s vytvářením nových a editací stávajících formulačních vzorců, ale také tabulek pro skloňování a časování slov.

This thesis deals with the definition of the concept of pathological gambling, diagnosis, prevalence and a description of vulnerable groups. It also discusses the creation, development and various stages of pathological gambling. Theoretical knowledge is enhanced by our own research, carried out a questionnaire, which has pointed out that the profession can be a risk factor for developing an illness / addiction. The research objective is to describe the rate and quality of risk-taking behavior in gambling on sports editor, and identify any related pathological gambling with their selected characteristics. The paper looks at what it looks like gambling and betting on sports editors in terms of rates, forms and circumstances. Whether the people in this group of pathological gambling occurs and, if so, to what extent and with what consequences. They try to answer it then also, what is the relationship between work characteristics and playing sports editor of gambling or betting. How this relationship sports editors perceive themselves and how to understand. Keywords: Pathological gambling, pathological player, gambling, gambling

Both popular and scholarly observers have portrayed New Orleans as a city both supported and burdened by its image as a diverse cultural other within the American South, historically tolerant of certain sins of the flesh. This image has been used by proponents and critics alike in order to push their respective agenda regarding the Crescent City. This thesis will not seek to discredit this image that is based largely on fact. However, using Prohibition as a case study, this thesis will use letters to the editor to uncover attitudes of New Orleanians in opposition to this reputation to reveal alternative and historically silenced voices of New Orleans, since for instance people of a certain age, gender, or ethnicity were silenced in the halls of government. This paper will reveal the opinions of New Orleanians regarding Prohibition and what these opinions can tell us about New Orleans’s image.

本研究旨在探討新聞編輯的專家與生手在問題解決表現上是否有差異。本研究以認知心理學的專家與生手理論切入，探究新聞編輯在問題解決過程中的建立問題表徵階段的初步分析、分類基礎與知識結構表現是否會有不同，在執行解決方案階段的解題策略、評估策略及監控能力表現是否會有差異，並希望了解影響新聞編輯問題解決表現的職業背景因素，本研究以「從事新聞編輯的年資」、 「從事新聞工作的年資」及「是否為新聞科系畢業」等三個職業背景來檢驗它們與問題解決表現的相關性。 　　本研究選定四個報社新聞編輯為個案研究對象，透過實地觀察及深度訪談，了解他們在問題解決過程的表現。所得研究結果簡述如下： 　　l、從事新聞編輯的年資與初步分析、知識結構、解題策略及監控能力呈正相關： 　　本研究發現，新聞編輯的問題解決表現的確會有差異。而從事新聞編輯年資愈深者，在初步分析、知識結構、解題策略及監控能力上的表現，傾向於專家。而年資較淺耆，則在上述表現具有生手的解題特性。 　　2、從事新聞編輯的年資與評估策略呈負相關： 　　本研究發現，從事新聞編輯年資較深者，所提出的厥面其他方案（評估方案）較年資淺者少，反而具有生手的特性，相反的，年資較淺者，提出較多的版面其他方案，在此表現上傾向於認知心理學研究中的專家。 　　3、從事新聞工作年資與知識結構呈正相關： 　　本研究發現，從事新聞工作年資愈深者，在面對各種不同稿件時，製作標題的反應時間（知識結構）較短，亦即狀況與行動在知識結構中的聯結較為緊密，傾向於專家。而新聞工作年資較淺者，會花費較多的時間在製作標題，顯示面對狀況時，無法有效的提取適當的行動，聯結程度較差，具有生手的解題特性。

《讀者投書：「接近使用權」的實踐》是「中華民國新聞評議委員會」於報禁開放後出版的一本書的書名，顯然是認同「聯合國教科文組織」（UNESCO）所出版的一本書的書名《傳播權利》（The Right to Communcate）所意含的概念，即傳播是一項基本人權，而報禁開放後各報所增設的讀者投書版使讀者除了「接近」外並得以「使用」媒介。傳播權利強調的參與傳播過程的雙方要進行民主與平衡的對話。報紙的傳播過程中所涉及的雙方在報紙上進行對話場所是社論與讀者投書版，但是讀者意見必須要能符合報社內部的審稿標準才能被接受及刊登。事實上，報紙是以處理新聞的方式來處理讀者投書，因此這種對話是一種「結構性的對話」（Structural dialogue）。一般認為社論是在反映民意，但是讀者投書卻更像民意，特別是將它匯總起來看時，甚至有人以民意的溫度計（Thermometer ）來形容它。假使說社論真的是反映民意，但更重要的目的可能是在於影響民意，若從這個角度來看的，讀者投書版可能遠比社論更為有效。台灣地區在過去台獨的主張是被禁止的，因此傾向於支持台獨的報紙若想由社論來影響民意則必須擔負言責，但若由讀者投書版來表現，反而更具民意的影響性。就此觀點來看，讀者的傳播權利顯然是被報紙利用了。所以將讀者投書版的增闢視為公眾傳播權利的實踐，顯然是為其表面上的意義所迷惑了。