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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-174). Also available via the Internet.

Most musical instruments have undergone evolution over several hundred years. The pursuit of excellence in instrument building helps instruments in meticulously translating musicians's movement and gesture into sound. Musicians spend much of their time perfecting their movements and gestures to achieve the desired sound and expression. Digital technologies brought new perspective and possibilities to this performer-instrument relationship by detaching the tight relationship between gesture used and sound produced. This relationship can then be re-created with almost no restrictions, and composers have freedom to design their own controller or electronic instrument. The intention of this thesis is to further the development of gestural controller usage by understanding the evolution that has lead to the current trends in their use; how this evolution may inform newer development, and creating two new interactive systems for informed by the above. It also consists of a discussion of problems and challenges in interface building in terms of art and design. To demonstrate proficiency in traditional compositional genres, the first half of this dissertation consists of a composition portfolio. The second part of this dissertation is an investigation into the use of gestures and controllers in interactive electroacoustic music.

The objective of this study was to determine how a new experimental methodology for measuring Total-Harmonic-Distortion (THD) of operational amplifiers functioned when compared with two standard methodologies, and whether the new methodology offers any improvement in noise floor and dynamic range along with distortion canceling of the sine-wave source used in the testing. The new methodology (THD) is being tested against two standard methodologies: Spectral Analysis using a tuned receiver type Spectrum Analyzer with Notch Filter pre-processing, and a digitized Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using Notch Filter pre-processing. The THD results appear to agree across all methodologies, and across all items of the sample within all methodologies, to within a percent or less. The distortion and noise canceling feature of the new methodology appeared to function as expected and in accordance with theory. The sample tested in the study consisted of thirty-five NE5534 operational amplifiers produced by Texas Instruments, Inc. and purchased from a local store. The NE5534 is a low-noise, low-distortion, operational amplifier that is widely used in industry and is representative of today's best audio amplifiers.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-179).

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M.Ing. / Fouling of suspended solids on piping and equipment causes severe operating and maintenance problems in process, water treatment and miningrelated plants. In the SASOL environment fouling related problems are mainly experienced on equipment operating in process cooling water services. Suspended solids appear in the form of activated sludge in the cooling water system and the solid particle sizes are usually submicron in size. Conventional solid liquid separation techniques like centrifuging, sedimentation, filtration, etc. could up to this stage not be applied successfully to remove the finest solids from the process cooling water system. The possibility to separate solid liquid suspensions by means of acoustic energy was investigated. The theoretical principles of acoustic waves, especially standing waves, were studied and explained. A theoretical model indicates that separation of solid/liquid suspensions can be obtained virtually immediately after acoustic energy is applied. Theoretically the size and frequency of a tipical acoustic transducer can be calculated for a specific application. Based on theoretical calculations and findings, an experimental setup was prepared to carryout experiments on different suspensions. A control suspension made-up of water and powder, of Yttlich the particle sizes were approximately 10 pm, was prepared and exposed to a standing acoustic wave. Separation was achieved successfully. Follow-up experiments were carried out to establish the optimum conditions to which separation could be achieved. Different flow velocities were tested as well as different power inputs. The best separation was achieved with the lowest flow rate of 2.5 mils and the highest available voltage of 12 Volt. These conditions were not only used to separate a control suspension but also in a real situation where it was attempted to separate suspended solids from the cooling water system. The attempts were unsuccessful. Additional experiments were also done on ash water and cooling water blowdown which also failed. The failure of effective separation of the process cooling water suspensions is due to the extremely small sizes of the solid partides in suspension. Greater energy input than was available for this project, is required as the particle sizes decreases. Provision needs to be made for all particle sizes to achieve effective results. The separation of solid liquid suspensions is achievable with the aid of acoustic energy. The physical properties of the suspension however determines the size and magnitude of the separating equipment. A proposal for the implementation of a full scale acoustic separation system is given. The proposal comprises of a parallel system to ensure continuity of the cooling process.