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Novel direct field and torque control of six-phase induction machine with special phase current waveformAi, Yong-le 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Electric and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This study focuses on the drive control system of a novel direct field and torque current control applied to a six-phase induction motor. Special phase current waveforms that make it possible to have separate field and torque windings and currents in the motor are proposed. In this thesis the control of these field and torque windings to control directly the flux and torque of the motor is investigated.
With the special phase current waveforms the performance of the six-phase induction motor is evaluated through theoretical and finite element analysis. In the analysis the air gap resultant field intensity and flux density produced by the stator field, stator torque and rotor currents are investigated. It is shown that with the special current waveforms a quasi-square shaped, smooth rotating air gap flux density is generated. This smooth rotating flux is important for proper induction motor operation.
An equation for the electromagnetic torque is derived and used in the theoretical calculations. The ease of the torque performance calculations is conspicuous. An approximate magnetic circuit calculation method is developed to calculate the air gap flux density versus field current relationship taking magnetic saturation into account. The air gap MMF harmonics and the per phase self and mutual inductances are analysed and calculated using, amongst other things, winding functions. In the finite element analysis specific attention is given to the MMF balanced condition (zero quadrature flux condition) in the motor and the development of a per phase equivalent model.
The drive system’s performance with the proposed direct control technique is verified by a developed Matlab simulation model and measurements on a small (2 kW) two-pole, six-phase induction motor drive under digital hysteresis current control. It is shown in the thesis that the calculated results from theoretical derived equations are in good agreement with finite element and measured results. This is particularly the case for the formulas of the MMF balanced constant (zero quadrature flux linkage constant) used in the control software. The results of the simulated and measured linear relationship between the torque and torque current show that MMF balance is maintained in the motor by the drive controller independent of the load condition. The direct control of the torque also explains the good measured dynamic performance found for the proposed drive.
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A tool kit for the design of superconducting programmable gate arraysFourie, Coenrad Johann 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of a tool kit for the design of superconducting programmable gate
arrays (SPGAs) is discussed. A circuit optimizer using genetic algorithms is developed
and evaluated. Techniques and a program are also developed for the generation of
segmentized 3D models with which to calculate inductance in circuit structures through
FastHenry. The ability to add random variations to the dimensions of the models is
included. These tools are then used to design novel latching elements that allow the
construction of reprogrammable Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) circuits. A circular
process is used, whereby layouts are converted back to circuit diagrams through element
extraction, and reoptimized if necessary. Two programmable frequency dividers are then
designed; one for testing the routing and switch structures and programming architecture
of an SPGA, and another compact one for testing the latching elements and off-chip
interface. The dissertation concludes with an overview of the circuits necessary for the
implementation of a fully functional SPGA. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van ’n gereedskapstel vir die ontwerp van supergeleier FPGA’s
(SPGA’s) word bespreek. Eerstens word ’n stroombaanoptimeerder, wat met genetiese
algoritmes funksioneer, ontwikkel en geëvalueer. Daarna word tegnieke en ’n program
ontwikkel om driedimensionele segmentmodelle te genereer waaruit FastHenry die
induktansie van stroombaanstrukture kan bepaal. Die vermoë om toevalsveranderinge by
die dimensies van die modelle te voeg, is ook ingesluit. Hierdie gereedskap word dan
gebruik om nuwe grendelelemente te ontwerp waarmee herprogrammeerbare Rapid
Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) stroombane gebou kan word. ’n Sirkulêre proses word
gevolg, waarvolgens uitlegte na stroombaandiagramme teruggeskakel kan word (deur
elementonttrekkings) en, indien nodig, heroptimeer kan word. Twee programmeerbare
frekwensiedelers word daarna ontwerp; een om die pulsvervoer- en skakelstrukture,
asook programmeringsargitektuur van ’n SPGA te toets, en ’n ander, kompakter een om
die grendelelemente en warmlogika koppelvlakke mee te toets. Die proefskrif sluit af met
’n oorsig oor die stroombane benodig vir die implementering van ’n volledig funksionele
SPGA.
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The non-destructive measurement of the radio frequency properties of hard rock borehole coresRutschlin, Marc January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effective use of borehole radar in geophysical exploration requires accurate knowledge of the dielectric
properties of the geological system in which it is employed. The attenuation and propagation velocity
of pulses through rock must be known in order to plan and interpret experimental data. Conventional
destructive methods for the measurement of hard rock cores require the careful preparation of samples.
This firstly necessitates the selection of sampling position and the resulting estimation of rock properties
based on sparse measurements, and secondly results in the loss of material and thus data.
The ready availability of cylindrical borehole core samples invites the use of a nondestructive means
of measuring their properties. A novel design for a flexible guarded capacitor which conforms to a
core's cylindrical surface is presented here. T he proposed device has numerous advantages over previous
methods. No material is lost to sample preparation and a detailed characterisation of the entire core,
including inclusions and transitions between rock types, may be performed.
A detailed methodology for the rapid construction of a robust capacitor is given. Guidelines for its
operation to achieve repeatable and accurate measurements of the complex dielectric constant of samples
of varying homogeneity in the 1- 25 MHz frequency range are presented.
The increased amount of data collected from complete core samples is analysed statistically, and
amongst other things allows the estimation of the rock's homogeneity. Comparisons of the dielectric
properties measured in the laboratory to propagation velocity estimates obtained from crosshole borehole
shoots show that a more homogeneous sample is a better predictor of bulk propagating conditions.
Detailed studies of the dielectric properties of economically important diamondiferous and platiniferous
geological systems show that borehole radar is a feasible tool for the high resolution delineation of ore
bodies and other geological targets. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die effektiewe gebruik van boorgatradar in geofisiese eksplorasie benodig akkurate kennis van die dielektriese
eienskappe van die geologiese sisteme waarin dit gebruik word. Kennis van die verswakking en voortplantingsnelheid
van pulse deur die rots word benodig om eksperimente te beplan en gemete data te
interpret eer. Vir konvensionele destruktiewe meetmetodes van harde rotskerne is noukeurige voorbereiding
van monsters noodsaaklik. Hierdie proses vereis eerstens 'n keuse van meetposisies en die afskatting
van rotseienskappe gebaseer op verspreide metings, en lei tweedens tot die verlies van materiaal en dus
data.
Die beskikbaarheid van silindriese bom·gat kernmonsters maak dit moontlik om die kerneienskappe
op n nie-destruktiewe manier te meet. Die ontwerp van 'n nuwe buigbare afgeskermde kapasitor wat
op 'n silindriese kernoppervlak pas, word hier voorgestel. Die toestel het verskeie voordele bo huidige
metodes. Geen materiaal word gedurende monstervoorbereiding verloor nie, en 'n volledige beskywing
van die eienskappe van die hele kern , met insluitings en oorgange tussen rotstipes, kan verkry word.
'n Gedetaileerde prosedure vir die vinnige konstruksie van 'n robuuste kapasitor word gegee. Die
gebruik van die toestel vir herhaalbare en akkurate metings van die komplekse dielektriese konstante van
verskillend homogene monsters in die 1- 25 MHz frekwensie bereik word beskryf.
Die groter hoeveelheid data wat deur middel van hierdie metode van hele kernmonsters verkry kan
word , word statisties geanaliseer, en laat onder andere 'n skatting van die rots se homogeniteit toe.
Vergelykings van laboratoriumgemete rotseienskappe met veldskattings van voortplant ingsnelhede wys
dat 'n meer homogene monster tot 'n beter afskatting van werklike voortplantingstoestande lei. Studies
van die dielektriese eienskappe van ekonomies belangrike diamanthoudende en platinumryk geologiese
sisteme wys dat boorgatradar geskik is vir hoe resolusie uitkenning van ertsligame en ander geologiese
teikens.
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Empirical state space modelling with application in online diagnosis of multivariate non-linear dynamic systemsBarnard, Jakobus Petrus 12 1900 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D)--University of Stellenbosch, 1999. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: System identification has been sufficiently formalized for linear systems, but not for empirical
identification of non-linear, multivariate dynamic systems. Therefore this dissertation
formalizes and extends non-linear empirical system identification for the broad class of nonlinear
multivariate systems that can be parameterized as state space systems. The established,
but rather ad hoc methods of time series embedding and nonlinear modeling, using multilayer
perceptron network and radial basis function network model structures, are interpreted
in context with the established linear system identification framework.
First, the methodological framework was formulated for the identification of non-linear state
space systems from one-dimensional time series using a surrogate data method. It was clearly
demonstrated on an autocatalytic process in a continuously stirred tank reactor, that validation
of dynamic models by one-step predictions is insufficient proof of model quality. In addition,
the classification of data as either dynamic or random was performed, using the same
surrogate data technique. The classification technique proved to be robust in the presence of
up to at least 10% measurement and dynamic noise.
Next, the formulation of a nearly real-time algorithm for detection and removal of radial
outliers in multidimensional data was pursued. A convex hull technique was proposed and
demonstrated on random data, as well as real test data recorded from an internal combustion
engine. The results showed the convex hull technique to be effective at a computational cost
two orders of magnitude lower than the more proficient Rocke and Woodruff technique, used
as a benchmark, and incurred low cost (0.9%) in terms of falsely identifying outliers.
Following the identification of systems from one-dimensional time series, the methodological
framework was expanded to accommodate the identification of nonlinear state space systems
from multivariate time series. System parameterization was accomplished by combining
individual embeddings of each variable in the multivariate time series, and then separating
this combined space into independent components, using independent component analysis.
This method of parameterization was successfully applied in the simulation of the abovementioned
autocatalytic process. In addition, the parameterization method was implemented
in the one-step prediction of atmospheric N02 concentrations, which could become part of an
environmental control system for Cape Town. Furthermore, the combination of the embedding strategy and separation by independent component analysis was able to isolate
some of the noise components from the embedded data.
Finally the foregoing system identification methodology was applied to the online diagnosis
of temporal trends in critical system states. The methodology was supplemented by the
formulation of a statistical likelihood criterion for simultaneous interpretation of multivariate
system states. This technology was successfully applied to the diagnosis of the temporal
deterioration of the piston rings in a compression ignition engine under test conditions. The
diagnostic results indicated the beginning of significant piston ring wear, which was
confirmed by physical inspection of the engine after conclusion of the test. The technology
will be further developed and commercialized. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stelselidentifikasie is weI genoegsaam ten opsigte van lineere stelsels geformaliseer, maar nie
ten opsigte van die identifikasie van nie-lineere, multiveranderlike stelsels nie. In hierdie tesis
word nie-lineere, empiriese stelselidentifikasie gevolglik ten opsigte van die wye klas van nielineere,
multiveranderlike stelsels, wat geparameteriseer kan word as toestandveranderlike
stelsels, geformaliseer en uitgebrei. Die gevestigde, maar betreklik ad hoc metodes vir
tydreeksontvouing en nie-lineere modellering (met behulp van multilaag-perseptron- en
radiaalbasisfunksie-modelstrukture) word in konteks met die gevestigde line ere
stelselidentifikasieraamwerk vertolk.
Eerstens is die metodologiese raamwerk vir die identifikasie van nie-lineere,
toestandsveranderlike stelsels uit eendimensionele tydreekse met behulp van In surrogaatdatametode
geformuleer. Daar is duidelik by wyse van 'n outokatalitiese proses in 'n deurlopend
geroerde tenkreaktor getoon dat die bevestiging van dinamiese modelle deur middel van
enkelstapvoorspellings onvoldoende bewys van die kwaliteit van die modelle is. Bykomend is
die klassifikasie van tydreekse as 6f dinamies Of willekeurig, met behulp van dieselfde
surrogaattegniek gedoen. Die klassifikasietegniek het in die teenwoordigheid van tot minstens
10% meetgeraas en dinamiese geraas robuust vertoon. /
Vervolgens is die formulering van In bykans intydse algoritme vir die opspoor en verwydering
van radiale uitskieters in multiveranderlike data aangepak. 'n Konvekse hulstegniek is
V:oorgestel en op ewekansige data, sowel as op werklike toetsdata wat van 'n binnebrandenjin
opgeneem is, gedemonstreer. Volgens die resultate was die konvekse hulstegniek effektief
teen 'n rekenkoste twee grootte-ordes kleiner as die meer vermoende Rocke en Woodrufftegniek,
wat as meetstandaard beskou is. Die konvekse hulstegniek het ook 'n lae loopkoste
(0.9%) betreffende die valse identifisering van uitskieters behaal.
Na aanleiding van die identifisering van stelsels uit eendimensionele tydreekse, is die
metodologiese raamwerk uitgebiei om die identifikasie van nie-lineere, toestandsveranderlike
stelsels uit multiveranderlike data te omvat. Stelselparameterisering is bereik deur individuele
ontvouings van elke veranderlike in die multidimensionele tydreeks met die skeiding van die
gesamenlike ontvouingsruimte tot onafhanklike komponente saam te span. Sodanige skeiding
is deur middel van onafhanklike komponentanalise behaal. Hierdie metode van parameterisering is suksesvc1 op die simulering van bogenoemde outokatalitiese proses
toegepas. Die parameteriseringsmetode is bykomend in die enkelstapvoorspelling van
atmosferiese N02-konsentrasies ingespan en sal moontlik deel van 'n voorgestelde
omgewingsbestuurstelsel vir Kaapstad uitmaak. Die kombinasie van die ontvouingstrategie en
skeiding deur onafhanklike komponentanalise was verder ook in staat om van die
geraaskomponente in die data uit te lig.
Ten slotte is die voorafgaande tegnologie vir stelselidentifikasie op die lopende diagnose van
tydsgebonde neigings in kritiese stelseltoestande toegepas. Die metodologie is met die
formulering van 'n statistiese waarskynlikheidsmaatstaf vir die gelyktydige vertolking van
multiveranderlike stelseltoestande aangevul. Hierdie tegnologie is suksesvol op die diagnose
van die tydsgebonde verswakking van die suierringe in 'n kompressieontstekingenj in tydens
toetstoestande toegepas. Die diagnostiese resultate het die aanvang van beduidende slytasie in
die suierringe aangedui, wat later tydens fisiese inspeksie van die enjin met afloop van die
toets, bevestig is. Die tegnologie sal verder ontwikkel en markgereed gemaak word.
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Electrically small planar antenna for circular polarizationHuysamen, Johan Herman 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The design of an electrically small planar antenna for compact circular polarization is presented. After an in-depth study of the performance limitations on electrically small antennas and an investigation into the working of various existing electrically small antennas, the design, simulation and measurement of the proposed antenna element is presented in detail.
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Development of nonlinear CAD Models for the design of linear LDMOS power amplifiersDu Plessis, Francois Daniel 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Nonlinear transistor modeling is becoming increasingly popular due to the demand for high
linearity and high efficiency microwave amplifiers. The available models often fail to accurately
predict the higher order harmonics and intermodulation distortion, which are essential
when designing high-linearity amplifier circuits.
This thesis describes the design of hardware and software used for the development of nonlinear
CAD models. A multiline TRL calibration kit is designed and manufactured so that the
characterisation of a LDMOSFET, with a RF output power capability of 10W, can be performed
using an adaptive-bias S-parameter measurement algorithm. Verification standards are also
manufactured and used to determine the measurement accuracy after calibration. A series of
GUIs are developed to ease the model extraction process. The extraction of the small-signal
model parameters is performed between 0.4 and 3 GHz, and the extraction of the parameter
values for the Fager large-signal model is then performed. An improved model is defined that
implements two nonlinear charge sources in stead of the three nonlinear capacitors used in the
Fager model. The nonlinear charge equations are formulated using the voltage-derivatives of
the calculated nonlinear charge at each port of the device. By accurately modeling the voltagederivatives
of the charge, where the voltages are functions of time, the prediction of the current
produced by each of the charge sources is improved.
The nonlinear models are verified against the MET model, and all three models are compared
to measured data. It is shown that the models are able to accurately predict the single-tone and
two-tone output harmonics for class-AB operation, and in many cases the predictions outperform
that of the MET model. The single-tone output power is also verified for class-C operation.
Although this prediction is not extremely accurate, it is found that the correct trend for
the output harmonic power can be predicted.
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Modelling and performance evaluation of a three-phase capacitive voltage sensor topologyVan der Merwe, S 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This research project investigates the design, modelling and application of an open-air capacitive
voltage sensor assembly for the measurement of wideband High Voltage signals on three-phase
transmission lines. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods used to measure
these voltages are reviewed and the advantages of the open-air capacitive sensor are established.
The main research objective of this project involves extending the application of previously
developed single-phase capacitive sensor topologies to three-phase applications. A three-phase
set of mobile, compact and relatively inexpensive capacitive voltage sensors for open-air
application under overhead transmission lines are designed and constructed, including a data
acquisition triggering system for the measurement of transient waveforms. Equivalent circuit
models, using a Thévenin equivalent approach, are developed for the three-phase sensor topology
and the associated three-phase transmission line configuration. A number of different methods
for simplifying the associated Thévenin equivalent impedance and voltage equations are
evaluated.
The decoupling of the voltage waveforms measured by the individual sensors for a three-phase
transmission line configuration is subsequently examined with the view to derive mathematical
relationships for determining the phase conductor voltages from the measured sensor voltages.
The performance of the sensor assembly is experimentally evaluated under laboratory conditions
as well as field conditions. An outdoor HV test facility, representing a scaled three-phase flat
transmission line structure, is developed for evaluation of the three-phase sensor topology in a
controlled environment. The methodology for decoupling the phase voltages and reconstructing
the phase conductor voltages from the voltages induced on the sensors is evaluated using
measured data obtained with this HV test facility. It is shown that the three-phase capacitive
voltage sensor topology as applied in the test facility delivers good results for the measurement of
three-phase transient voltage waveforms.
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Determining a least-cost routing and MAC strategy for a rural communications Ad hoc NetworkVan Ellewee, Stephan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Outside the confines of cities and metropolitan areas, telecommunications may still be required.
Farmers may, for example, want to communicate with each other or with local municipality
or law enforcement. Various factors may make the application of fixed infrastructure
telecommunications networks to rural situations like these unfeasible. Fixed infrastructure
may prove to be ineffective due to geographic, social or monetary reasons.
Ad hoc networking seems like an intriguing solution to these elements of the rural telecommunications
problem. Instead of using the client-server architecture approach, ad hoc networks
use a peer-to-peer network architecture that allows the network to change in a more dynamic
fashion. Hosts of such a network can join or leave the network dynamically and will share in
the forwarding responsibility. Routing is done dynamically.
Transceiver range is still an issue. To counteract this problem satellites can be used to extend
the communications range of a network. Communication with a satellite can be added by
using gateway hosts that are equipped to establish satellite up- or downlinks. Even if one
such gateway host is deactivated, ad hoc network hosts should be able to find alternative
gateways (if such alternative gateways exist).
For this thesis, various MAC and Network protocols will be evaluated. One protocol set
will be selected and adapted to a low-bandwidth situation. Cross layer design will be used in
an attempt to decrease overhead of this strategy. A simulation model was devised to predict
system performance. These simulations was followed by interpretation of results which rendered
a theoretical basis with which network behaviour can be explained and even predicted.
A tool-like framework has, in effect, been developed for the simulation and development of
ad hoc network protocols. Novel approaches to protocol behaviour analysis have also been
devised.
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Development of an experimental tilt-wing VTOL unmanned aerial vehicleVenter, Jacob 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This project was initiated by ARMSCOR to research the feasibility of an unmanned
aerial vehicle launching from and landing on a South African Navy ship. The objective
of this project was to develop a strong basis for other similar projects.
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Video camera design and implementation for telemedicine applicationBehaimanot, Kibreab Ghebrehiwet 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Primary health care telemedicine services require the acquisition and transmission
of patient data including high quality still and video images via telecommunication
networks.
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the implementation of a generalpurpose
medical camera as an alternative to the complex and costly CCD based
cameras generally in use at present. The design is based on FillFactory’s SXGA
(1280 ×1024) CMOS image sensor.
A low-cost Altera Cyclone FPGA is used for signal interfacing, filtering and colour
processing to enhance image quality.
A Cypress USB 2.0 interface chip is employed to isochronously transfer video
data up to a maximum rate of 23.04 MBytes per second to the PC.
A detailed design and video image results are presented and discussed; however
the camera will need repackaging and an approval for medical application by medical
specialists and concerned bodies before releasing it as full-fledged product. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Primêre gesondheidssorg telemedisyne dienste moet hoëkwaliteit televisiebeelde
van hul pasiënte verkry deur van telekommunikasienetwerke gebruik te maak.
Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die toepassing van n meerdoelige mediese kamera
te ondersoek as n alternatief tot duur, komplekse CCD-gebaseerde kameras
wat huidiglik gebruik word. Die ontwerp is gebaseer op n hoëkwaliteit CMOS
beeldsensor.
n Goedkoop Altera Cyclone FPGA word gebruik vir seinkoppelvlak, filtering en
kleurprosessering om die kwaliteit van die beeld te verhoog.
n Hoëspoed USB 2.0 poort word gebruik om die data teen die nodige spoed te
versend.
n Gedetailleerde ontwerp, en die beeldresultate word voorgelê en bespreek. Die
kamera moet egter eers deur mediese spesialiste en relevante beheerliggame goedgekeur
word voordat dit as n volledige produk vrygestel kan word.
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