This thesis was submitted to the faculty of Innovation, Design and Technology, IDT, at Mälardalen university in Västerås, Sweden as a partial fulfillment of the requirements to obtain the M.Sc. in computer science, specializing in embedded systems. The work presented was carried out in the months January to June in 2014 partially in Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo CE, Eskilstuna, and partially at Mälardalen university in Västerås. Federated Resilient Embedded Systems Technology for AUTOSAR, FRESTA, is a collaborative project between Volvo and the Swedish Institute of Computer Science, SICS, that aims to make it possible to add third party applications to vehicle’s computer systems without compromising system security and robustness. The mechanism is developed by SICS for AUTOSAR, AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture, an open standardized automotive software architecture for vehicles. The following report documents the efforts to study and port the FRESTA mechanism to the Volvo CE platform, and develop a Java application to test the porting. The investigation will aspire to determine if it is feasible to introduce Java based third party applications to resource constrained embedded systems, without causing a deterioration in the predictability and security of the system. / Avhandlingen lades fram för fakulteten för innovation, design och teknik, IDT, vid Mälardalens högskola i Västerås som en del av kraven för att erhålla M.Sc. i datavetenskap med inriktning mot inbyggda system. Arbetet genomfördes under månaderna januari till juni 2014 delvis i Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo CE, Eskilstuna, och delvis vid Mälardalens högskola i Västerås. Federated Resilient Embedded Systems Technology for AUTOSAR, FRESTA, är ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Volvo och Svenska Institutet för datavetenskap, SICS, som syftar till att göra det möjligt att lägga tredjepartsapplikationer till fordonets datorsystem utan att äventyra systemets säkerhet och robusthet. Mekanismen är utvecklat av SICS för AUTOSAR, Automotive Open System Architecture, en öppen standardiserad fordons programvaruarkitektur för fordon. Följande rapport dokumenterar arbetet med att studera Fresta mekanismen till Volvo CE-plattformen, och utveckla ett Java-program för att testa portning. Undersökningen kommer att sträva efter att avgöra om det är genomförbart att införa en Java-baserad tredje part för att resursbegränsa inbyggda system, utan att orsaka en försämring av förutsägbarhet och säkerhet i systemet.

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A typical automobile system consists of many Electronic Control Units (ECUs) for the purposes of safety, comfort, and entertainment applications. FlexRay is a high bandwidth protocol for such automotive requirements, which facilitates communication between distributed ECUs. This thesis addresses some of the issues associated with the design and implementation of the FlexRay protocol. The number of ECUs that are used in automobiles has an increasing trend to implement more functionality, which demands more bandwidth. By minimizing bandwidth requirements for servicing a given workload of periodic and sporadic real-time tasks, one can connect more ECUs to the same FlexRay bus. With this motivation, the first part of this thesis proposes new algorithms for minimizing bandwidth usage of ECUs in both the static and the dynamic segments of FlexRay. FlexRay provides a time-triggered static segment for the transmission of time critical periodic messages. The static segment consists of a fixed number of static slots each with a fixed duration. The duration of the static slot and the number of slots are design parameters which need to be fixed so as to meet all the deadline requirements of the workload in the application. The static slot duration can be minimized by packing the signals into message frames, while respecting scheduling constraints. Since message frames also contain overhead information, the duration of message frames can be optimized by proper signal packing, based on the network utilization constraints of individual ECUs. The thesis proposes a novel algorithm for packing of signals into message frames and fixing the static slot duration so that the total duration of the static segment is minimized. The dynamic segment of FlexRay caters to the transmission of event-triggered signals. A novel algorithm has been proposed to obtain the minimum duration of the dynamic segment while meeting the deadline constraints of all sporadic messages in their worst-case arrival instances. We also extend all these algorithms to the case of slot multiplexing scheme provided by FlexRay 3.0. Modern automobiles provide infotainment and in-car telemetry functions, which produce a high volume of soft deadline messages. This makes the problem of analyzing scheduling algorithms for such traffic important. The dynamic segment of the FlexRay cycle is used for transmission of such soft deadline messages. The second part of this thesis addresses the issue of analyzing the quality of performance in servicing of the soft deadline tasks in the FlexRay protocol. Two quality measures, namely, the average delay in servicing of the soft deadline tasks and the fraction of tasks that miss their deadlines, are considered. The generation of different soft deadline messages is modeled as independent Poisson processes. The generated messages are queued in different queues and are serviced according to pre-assigned priorities for different queues as per the FlexRay protocol. By analyzing this multiple queue model under some mild assumptions, upper bounds on the arrival rates for different messages are derived so that all the queues are stable. Analytical expressions are also derived for average delay and for deadline miss ratio. The correctness of these approximate analytical expressions are demonstrated through simulation studies.