Cette thèse propose une démonstration critique de l'œuvre d'Alexander Wendt. On mettra en lumière la généalogie de sa pensée qui se retrouve en théorie sociale et en relations internationales. Ainsi, on peut dire que la théorie wendtienne, loin d'apporter une réponse au traditionnel débat agency-structure, met en réalité en évidence le problème fondamental posé par les termes mêmes de ce débat. La volonté affichée par Wendt de synthétiser les deux approches co-déterministes que sont le constructivisme et le réalisme critique, démontre notamment l'impasse théorique d'un tel mode de pensée. Une reformulation sémantique des termes du débat apparaît nécessaire d'où le développement de concepts tels que le processus, relations, habitus et configurations issus de la pensée éliasienne.<br /> Nous proposons également de faire une reconstruction de la théorie wendtienne qui se fonde en grande partie sur la sociologie relationniste ou sociologie des processus développée par Norbert Elias. Une approche relationniste permet de mettre l'emphase sur caractère processuel de toute réalité sociale. On évite ainsi les réifications si courantes dans la pensée sociale traditionnelle. Par ailleurs, afin de comprendre et d'expliquer la politique internationale, il faut travailler sur la longue durée, seule façon de voir l'évolution (souvent lente) des processus sociaux. Enfin, avec Elias, nous réintégrons une dimension psychologique à la compréhension de la politique internationale au travers du concept d'habitus qui se révèle à la fois social et psychique. Il y a donc une discussion sur le rôle des émotions, des affects et de leur autocontrôle dans le rapport à la violence sur la scène internationale. L'ultime objectif s'avère d'humaniser, de socialiser et d'historiciser les théories des relations internationales.

La thèse repose sur un travail de terrain fait en Colombie avec des jeunes. Elle propose un nouveau regard sur la compréhension de la transmission des valeurs et les processus d'identification, en mettant en relief l'importance des "configurations", des interactions, du corporel et du vécu. L'auteur emprunte à Norbert Elias ce terme de "configuration" parce qu'il dépasse l'idée d'une société indépendante des individus et d'un individu-atome, indépendant des autres individus. Dans ce contexte on comprend que ce sont les individus ensemble qui forment des "configurations concrètes", que l'on ne peut analyser sans tenir compte chez les actants de l'intentionnalité de leurs actions. Dans une première partie l'auteur fait le point sur ce que signifie "crise des valeurs". Il analyse ensuite ce qu'est la transmission dans ses processus complexes et variés. Il souligne les principaux aspects distinguant l'adolescence et la jeunesse qui peuvent nous aider à comprendre les modes de transmission dans ces tranches d'âge. La deuxième partie étudie ces modes et leurs caractéristiques, leurs succès et leurs échecs en comparant trois configurations différentes : celles d'un collège urbain, d'un quartier populaire et d'une communauté indienne. Un chapitre est consacré à la transmission familiale. La troisième partie consiste dans l'analyse de l'ensemble des données recueillies. Elle relève les caractéristiques requises du transmetteur, les modes et les moyens de la transmission, et comment le récepteur s'incorpore, fait siennes, les valeurs transmises. Une attention particulière est accordée ici à la place du corporel et à la perception psychoaffective des valeurs.

Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2006

How great potential effect does the Black carbon emitted from the boreal forest fire region of Alaska have on the retreating glaciers of the St. Elias Mountains? In this study climate and forest fire history data of Alaska was run in the HYSPLIT wind trajectory model to generate trajectories originated from large occurring fires in Alaska from 2005 to 2014. Results show a small percentage of trajectories passing the St. Elias Mountains and an expected pattern of a correlation between passing trajectories and density of amount forest fires. Interdisciplinary climate research is indicating an increase in global temperatures with consequences such as an upswing of forest fires in the Northern Hemisphere. Inner Alaska is fire prone due to a combination of prevailing droughts during the summer season and frequent lightning ignition as a result from homogeneous vegetation and topography. Downwind from Alaska’s forest fire region is the ice field of the St. Elias Mountains, these glaciers are one of the fastest retreating due to increasing global temperatures and possible deposition of soot from Alaskan forest fires. Forest fire emits black carbon, which when deposited on snow or ice surfaces will decrease the albedo and accelerate the melting rate. Previous studies on ice cores from the St. Elias have investigated traces of combustion products from biomass burning. This indicates a possible record of historic forest fires in ice cores. The small percentage of passing trajectories in this study suggests that most large forest fires in Alaska might not be registered in the St. Elias ice cores.

Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

Cette thèse vise à cerner les raisons historiques, intellectuelles et affectives de l’importance que reçoit le problème de la vulnérabilité individuelle dans la culture politique des sociétés modernes. Il s’agit de tenter de comprendre pourquoi et par le concours de quelles transformations normatives et structurelles nous en sommes venus, comme citoyens, à attendre de l’État qu’il nous protège des affres de l’existence. L’oeuvre philosophique de Thomas Hobbes, fondée sur une anthropologie individualiste où l’homme apparaît mû par deux affects, le désir et la crainte, nous paraît être la première formulation théorique de ce problème de la vulnérabilité, et à ce titre, nous posons qu’elle a été déterminante pour l’institutionnalisation d’une rationalité politique proprement moderne. De manière à saisir quelles ont pu être les conditions de possibilité de la philosophie de Hobbes, de même que son influence sur l’imaginaire politique occidental, il nous faut tenter de comprendre non seulement pourquoi l’affectivité humaine a pu se trouver ainsi posée comme enjeu du gouvernement, mais comment elle est aussi liée, de manière générale, au fonctionnement des institutions sociales, lequel est historiquement contingent. Il en va ainsi d’une interrogation, que nous poursuivrons dans un relevé des principaux concepts à l’aide desquels Sigmund Freud, Norbert Elias, Max Weber et Michel Foucault ont pensé les modalités du façonnement social et historique de la subjectivité, et par le biais de laquelle nous espérons expliquer pourquoi le « type d’homme » sur lequel s’appuie le régime libéral moderne implique le vécu d’une expérience affective marquée par un rapport tendu entre le désir et le sentiment de la vulnérabilité.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The aim of this study was to assess the impact and the effect of non–payment of municipal services on service delivery in the Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality. The municipalities as the lowest part of Government are responsible for delivering basic services like water supply, electricity, road maintenance, refuse collection and sanitation to communities. Legislation permits municipalities to charge for services rendered. The study adopted the qualitative and quantitative research methods for data collection and analysis. Households in the selected villages (Motetema, Tambo and Groblersdal), were randomly selected to participate in the study and also the officials from the Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality. Non-payment of municipal services is a great challenge in South African local government and threaten the financial viability and proper service delivery. Communities are protesting daily in service delivery outcries. The municipalities are struggling to collect revenue; they basically depend on the grants from the national Treasury. This dissertation probes the nature of non-payment of municipal services, its impact on service delivery and the methods used to tackle non-payments and to recommend the workable solutions. The findings of this study reveal that indeed revenue collection and non-payment of municipal service charges is a challenge in Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality and it is having a dire impact on effective service delivery. This is due to unwillingness to pay for service charges, unemployment, poor quality services, low income amongst other challenges. Thus, the municipality is unable to generate adequate revenue to deliver better services. The study, therefore, gives recommendations on how the Municipality can improve revenue collection and mitigate non-payment of service charges

[pt] Entre Elias e Eliseu, provavelmente os mais conhecidos dentre os profetas não escritores pré-clássicos, ocorre uma sucessão profética, descrita em 2Rs 2,1-25; e 2Rs 1–2 apresenta ainda uma transição narrativa, onde dois ciclos de histórias se encontram. Estes dois ciclos têm sido, com raras exceções, trabalhados de forma independente pela pesquisa exegética. A presente tese, porém, parte da hipótese de que há uma bem pensada sucessão dos dois ciclos, de modo que 2Rs 1,1-18 tem uma significativa função para a unidade de 2Rs 1–2 em torno da sucessão profética, e que, por conseguinte, há relações intrínsecas de continuidade/descontinuidade entre os ciclos destes dois profetas. Mas a principal hipótese a ser trabalhada, e que não recebeu nenhuma consideração por parte dos estudiosos, é a de que não somente 2Rs 2,1-25, mas 2Rs 1,1-18 pertence ao ciclo de Eliseu. Metodologicamente entende-se como adequada, para tal investigação, a conjugação do Método Histórico-Crítico com a Análise Narrativa. A articulação temática permite, mediante a Análise Narrativa, ampliar ao máximo as conexões já percebidas pelo Método Histórico-Crítico; e se a Análise Narrativa mostra como 2Rs 1,1-18 e 2Rs 2,1-25 se articulam entre si, o Método Histórico-Crítico evidencia que essa articulação proposta pelo narrador implícito não obscurece o caráter independente de cada narrativa. O uso conjunto das duas metodologias proporciona, além do debate sobre os ciclos de Elias e de Eliseu, uma apreciação do caráter de ambos os profetas, a qual permite uma comparação entre as figuras de Elias e Eliseu enquanto no exercício do ministério profético, e pastoralmente aponta para um caminho do pacifismo e do rompimento com toda manifestação de violência e intolerância. / [en] Between Elijah and Elisha, probably the best known among the preclassical non-writers prophets, there is a prophetic succession, described in 2 Kings 2:1-25; and 2 Kings 1–2 also presents a narrative transition, where two cycles of stories encounter. These two cycles have been, with rare exceptions, worked independently by exegetical research. The present thesis, however, is based on the hypothesis that there is a well-thought-out succession of the two cycles, so that 2 Kings 1,1-18 has a significant function for the unity of 2 Kings 1–2 around prophetic succession, and that, therefore, there are intrinsic relations of continuity/discontinuity between the cycles of these two prophets. But the main hypothesis to be worked on, and which has received no consideration on the part of scholars, is that not only 2 Kings 2.1-25, but 2 Kings 1,1-18 belongs to the Elisha cycle. Methodologically, the conjugation of the Historical-Critical Method with Narrative Analysis is understood as appropriate for such investigation. The thematic articulation allows, through Narrative Analysis, to expand as much as possible the connections already perceived by the Historical-Critical Method; and if the Narrative Analysis shows how 2 Kings 1,1-18 and 2 Kings 2,1-25 articulate each other, the Historical-Critical Method evidences that this articulation proposed by the implicit narrator did not obfuscates the independent character of each narrative The joint use of the two methodologies provides, in addition to the debate about the cycles of Elijah and Elisha, an appreciation of the character of both prophets, which allows a comparison between the figures of Elijah and Elisha while in the exercise of prophetic ministry, and pastorally points to a path of pacifism and disruption with all manifestations of violence and intolerance.

The kinematics and architecture of orogenic systems may be heavily influenced by climate, but little research has focused on the long-term effects of glacial erosion on orogenesis. Low-temperature thermochronometry and subsidiary structural, earthquake relocation, and offshore seismic reflection data from the St. Elias orogen are the basis for a new architectural model and demonstrate an association between glacial denudation and orogenic evolution. These data show that exhumation and deformation within the St. Elias orogen are focused across a thin-skinned fold and thrust belt on the windward flank, whereas the leeward flank functions as a deformational backstop. A previously unrecognized structure beneath the Bagley ice field separates these domains with south-side-up motion. This structure is interpreted to be a backthrust, making the orogen doubly-vergent. Suggestive of accelerated fault motion in response to climate change, bedrock cooling rates within the hanging wall of the backthrust and across the entire subaerial wedge accelerated ~ten-fold coeval with the onset of intense glacial conditions. Within the orogenic wedge, the zone of highest Quaternary exhumation (5 km/myr (±25%)) is focused around a narrow zone where the glacial equilibrium line altitude (ELA) intersects mean topography. This zone of rapid exhumation, not present prior to the onset of intense glacial conditions, cuts across the structural trend of the orogen and is more narrowly focused than the zone of orographic precipitation. Augmented glacial erosion around glacial ELA also coincided with a regional shift in deformation away from prominent forethrusts including the North American-Yakutat terrane suture (Chugach St. Elias fault) and the seaward deformation front (Pamplona zone). Accelerated denudation across the subaerial wedge thus appears to have forced the redistribution of strain along the backthrust and a series of forethrusts that lie beneath the zone of highest glacial flux, which in turn are systematically truncated by the backthrust. In a cause and effect response, the expansion of glaciers therefore appears to have resulted in an orogen scale structural reorganization and a narrowing of the orogenic wedge to preserve topographic slope. The focusing of long-term erosion around glacial ELA and the structural response of the orogenic wedge to Cenozoic climate change have not previously been observed in a real-world orogenic system and imply a high degree of coupling between climate and tectonics in this glacially-dominated orogen. / Ph. D.