Employee engagement is the ability of employees to express themselves ‘physically, cognitively and emotionally during role performance’. Nurse employees comprise the largest workforce in healthcare. They spend a significant time caring for patients, they have a strong impact on patient experiences. Thus, in order to improve patient care experiences, nurse employees require positive work environments with the necessary factors that drive employee engagement. This study aimed to investigate current nurse engagement practices and the work-related aspects that impact engagement among nursing employees. The ultimate goal was to enable nursing management to identify the areas for continued sustainability and to improve gaps identified through appropriate implementation initiatives. The hospital is in the central part of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and consists of a multicultural population and the local Saudi nurses. The study population is nursing employees, employed for one year and longer within the organisation, and includes both genders between the ages of 18 to 60 years old. Simple random sampling was adopted using a sampling frame. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the sample of nurses from the hospital. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were performed to analyse data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 for Windows, while Ordered Probit regression was conducted using the Stata statistical program version 14 for Windows. This study showed the extent of nurses’ engagement using the selected constructs. Areas of strengths and weaknesses were identified. This study found that nurses were generally positive and passionate in their contribution to the organisation and connected in their work roles. This was established statistically and literature was also used to interpret the results. Respondents placed high importance on items that assessed the extent of nurses’ engagement and work-related factors. All the loadings in the eight dimensions measured were above 0.5, which shows significant correlation. In terms of organizational factors that impact nurse engagement, the estimates from the Ordered Probit regression showed that “feelings about the job” by employees had a statistically significant and positive influence on the employees’ or nurses’ “satisfaction about job aspects”. Results suggest the need to strengthen the identified areas in order to improve the nurses’ level of engagement. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

På många arbetsplatser genomförs medarbetarenkäter. Syftet är oftast att identifiera förbättringsområden i arbetsmiljön och att undersöka medarbetares trivsel och mående. Studien handlar om pulsade/frekventa varianter av medarbetar­undersökningar. Dessa undersökningar används i arbetsgrupper för att undersöka måendet vid många tillfällen under verksamhetsåret. En fördel kan vara möjligheten att upptäcka missförhållanden direkt i realtid. Fem chefer och fem medarbetare har intervjuats, och deras upplevelser av pulsade/frekventa medarbetarundersökningar har analyserats. Det förekommer positiva omdömen, men många utmaningar identifierades. En chefsutmaning var svarsprocenten, då många medarbetare valde att inte svara på enkäterna främst p.g.a utebliven resultatuppföljning. Det framkommer även oro för att anonymiteten inte upplevs vara garanterad. Medarbetare kan genom att inte svara demonstrera sin makt gentemot ledningen, speciellt om man inte vet vad ledningen gör med resultaten. En organisatorisk olydnad visade sig växa fram. Ett antal idealtyper hos chefer och medarbetare identifierades och presenteras i studien med koppling till lojalitet, olydnad och makt. / At many workplaces, employee surveys are carried out. The aim is usually to identify improvement areas in the work environment. The study is about frequent variations of employee surveys that are used in groups on many occasions during the year. One advantage is the possibility of detecting working environment problems directly as they occur. Five managers and five employees were interviewed, and their experiences of pulsed/frequent employee surveys have been analyzed. There are positive reviews, but many challenges were identified. A managerial challenge was the response rate, as many chose not to respond to the questionnaires because of an unsatisfactory follow-up of results. There was also concern that anonymity was not guaranteed. By not answering, employees can demonstrate their power towards management. An organizational misbehaviour turned out to emerge. A number of ideal types were identified in the study and their connection to loyalty, organizational misbehaviour and power are presented.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In response to globalisation and competition, today’s organisations are changing at an accelerating and radical pace. A review of the literature revealed that the demanding and often repetitive nature of work increases employees’ turnover intention. This is generally attributed to a lack of employee engagement. This trend is especially evident within the South African financial services industry. Without a functional workforce, no organisation can survive. Therefore organisations within this sector need to establish a balance between the provision of meaningful work, and profitability. The primary objective of this research study was to develop and empirically test a structural model that elucidates the antecedents of variance in turnover intention and employee engagement among employees employed by audit firms operating in the South African financial services industry. In addition, this research study investigated whether employees employed by these audit firms engage in job crafting to modify their work environment (i.e. job resources, personal resources and job demands, as illustrated in the Job Demands-Resources model) (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001) to cultivate meaningful work that decreases turnover intentions while increasing employee engagement. In this research study, an ex post facto correlational design was used to test the formulated hypotheses. Quantitative data was collected from 391 employees employed by audit firms operating in the South African financial services industry. Data was collected specifically for the purpose of this research study. Participation was voluntary. A self-administered web-based survey was distributed electronically to the participants. The data collected was strictly confidential and anonymous. The survey comprised seven sections. The first two sections measured the participants’ biographical and employment information. Subsequent sections measured specific latent variables using valid and reliable measuring instruments. These instruments include the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) (Schaufeli, Bakker & Salanova, 2006), the Turnover Intention Scale (Moore, 2000), the Psychological Meaningfulness Scale (May, Gilson & Harter, 2004), the Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012), and the six-item Proactive Personality Scale (Claes, Beheydt & Lemmens, 2005). Data was subjected to a range of statistical analyses. The findings shed light on the seriousness of turnover intention and the lack of employee engagement among employees employed by audit firms operating in the South African financial services industry. It provides South African industrial psychologists with much needed insight into the presenting problem. With reference to the highlighted managerial implications of the research findings and the recommended interventions, industrial psychologists can ensure the retention and engagement of employees. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Globalisering en mededinging veroorsaak dat hedendaagse organisasies al hoe vinniger en ook ingrypend verander. ’n Oorsig van die literatuur het getoon dat werknemers se voorneme om van werkplek te verander al hoe meer toeneem weens die veeleisende en dikwels herhalende aard van die werk wat hulle doen. Hierdie voorneme is veral in die Suid-Afrikaanse finansiële diensbedryf sigbaar en kan toegeskryf word aan ’n gebrek aan werknemerbegeestering. Geen organisasie kan egter sonder ’n funksionele werksmag oorleef nie. Gevolglik moet organisasies in hierdie bedryf sorg dat hulle ’n balans tussen betekenisvolle werk en winsgewendheid skep. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om ’n strukturele model te ontwikkel en empiries te toets wat lig werp op die voorkoms van verskille in die voorneme om van werkplek te verander en werknemerbegeestering onder werknemers in diens van ouditeursfirmas in die Suid-Afrikaanse finansiële diensbedryf. Daarbenewens het hierdie studie ook ondersoek of werknemers in hierdie ouditeursfirmas betrokke is by werksfatsoenering om hulle werkomgewing aan te pas (m.a.w. werkshulpbronne, persoonlike hulpbronne en taakeise, soos in die Job Demands-Resources model aangedui) (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001) om betekenisvolle werk te skep wat hulle voorneme om van werk te verander, kan verminder en terselfdertyd werknemerbegeestering kan aanvul. ‘n Ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp is gebruik om die geformuleerde hipoteses te toets. Kwantitatiewe data is by 391 werknemers in diens van ouditeursfirmas in die Suid-Afrikaanse finansiële diensbedryf ingesamel. Die data is spesifiek vir hierdie studie ingesamel. Deelname was vrywillig. ’n Selftoegepaste webgebaseerde opname is elektronies onder die deelnemers versprei. Die dataversameling was streng vertroulik en anoniem. Die opname het uit sewe afdelings bestaan. Die eerste twee afdelings het die biografiese en werksinligtiging van die deelnemers ingesamel. Die daaropvolgende afdelings het spesifieke latente veranderlikes met behulp van geldige en betroubare instrumente gemeet. Hierdie instrumente was die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, UWES-9 (Schaufeli, Bakker & Salanova, 2006), die Turnover Intention Scale (Moore, 2000), die Psychological Meaningfulness Scale (May, Gilson & Harter, 2004), die Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012), en die ses-item Proactive Personality Scale (Claes, Beheydt & Lemmens, 2005). Die data is aan ’n reeks statistiese analises onderwerp. Die bevindinge werp lig op die erns van voorneme om van werkplek te verander en die gebrek aan werkenemerbetrokkenheid onder werknemers in diens van ouditeursfirmas in die Suid-Afrikaanse finansiële diensbedryf. Dit bied aan Suid-Afrikaanse bedryfsielkundiges belangrike insae in die tersaaklike probleem. Bedryfsielkundiges kan, met verwysing na die aangeduide bestuursimplikasies van die bevindinge en aanbevelings van hierdie studie, die behoud en begeestering van werknemers verseker.

The overall objective of this study was to determine the factorial invariance of a South African-developed Employee Engagement Instrument (EEI) across different race groups in financial institutions. A secondary objective of this study was to determine whether race groups differ significantly with regard to the six dimensions of the employee engagement instrument. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research design was followed in this study, using a non-probability, convenience sampling (N = 1175). The EEI was electronically administered to 285 000 businesspeople from various demographic backgrounds, which form part of a research database. The focus was respondents from financial institutions. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was employed to achieve the empirical objectives of this study. Findings from the statistical analysis indicated that White and Black employees differed significantly with regards to how they are engaged by their immediate managers; however, the practical significance was small. Furthermore, the employee engagement instrument was found to be reliable and valid and the instrument was invariant across the four different race groups. By understanding how employees from different backgrounds are engaged it enables organisations to customise their engagement programmes to meet the needs of the various types of employees within the organisation, instead of applying a “one size fits all” approach to engagement programmes. The findings of this study provided valuable insights into the importance of employee engagement in a South African context, especially for financial institutions. Finally, the study adds to the vast body of knowledge that exists with regard to employee engagement and race, both locally and internationally. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Orientation: This study is about team dialogue and how dialogue in teams may impact on levels of employee engagement, especially how this can be applied and used in Industrial & Organisational Psychology. Research purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence that dialogue sessions in work teams may have on employee engagement. Motivation for the study: The manager and first-line superior play a crucial role in facilitating and enabling the connection between the employee and the organisation and how this impacts on employee engagement. When practised successfully, dialogue may have an influence on the level of employee engagement, as it allows groups to move beyond any one individual’s understanding to gain new insights and to create ideas in ways that could not be achieved individually. It may be argued that team dialogue and relational practices could assist in improving employee engagement in the South African workplace. Research design, approach and method: The study used a quasi-experimental approach in terms of which an experimental group was exposed to an organisational development intervention of team dialogues over a period of time and then compared to a control group that had not been exposed to the organisational development team dialogue intervention. The main findings were reported and discussed, and recommendations were made. Main findings: Team dialogues have an impact on employee engagement Contributions/value add: This study contributes to the field of Industrial & Organisational Psychology in that it demonstrates the influence that team dialogue has on employee engagement. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The Master's thesis deals with approaches to leadership and work engagement in multicultural work environment and includes an original research of correlation between the concepts of approaches to leadership and work engagement in multicultural work groups in Prague shared service centers. The aim of this work is to identify the currently used approaches to leadership and their correlation with work engagement of employees within shared service center's multicultural working groups. The current situation of shared service centers in Czech Republic is discussed. Shared service centers represent the largest employers of expatriates living in the Czech Republic. Companies are in need of optimization of approaches to leadership due to the complexity of the multicultural work environment. This thesis focuses on the different approaches to leadership in culturally divergent work environment. The difference between leadership and management, how important it is to choose the optimal leadership style for multicultural environment, or different approaches to leadership development are discussed. Work engagement represents one of the concepts most afflicted by culturally complex work environments. Various approaches and descriptions of engagement are explained along with the possible differences in the...

Frente al panorama actual de incertidumbre a causa de la pandemia del coronavirus, las organizaciones se han visto obligadas a adaptar sus estrategias y contenidos de comunicación a las altas necesidades de información por parte del público para mantener el compromiso de estos hacia la organización a la que pertenecen. La presente investigación plantea el análisis de la gestión de la comunicación interna corporativa y el clima organizacional para comprender el desarrollo del compromiso laboral de estos en una empresa de fabricación y venta de electrodomésticos. El motivo de esta yace en los recientes hallazgos sobre la relación de la felicidad percibida y generada en el entorno de trabajo y su posible relación con el compromiso de los colaboradores hacia la empresa, así como la relación de la comunicación interna con la construcción de un clima organizacional percibido como positivo. La metodología empleada será cualitativa, ya que se analizará la relación entre la comunicación interna y el clima organizacional, dos aspectos intangibles muy relevantes en cuanto a las relaciones laborales desde la perspectiva de los colaboradores, quien serán los entrevistados. / Faced with the current panorama of uncertainty due to the coronavirus pandemic, organizations have been forced to adapt their communication content and strategies to the high information needs of their different audiences to maintain their commitment to the organization. This research proposes the analysis of the management of corporate internal communication and the organizational climate to understand the development of their work commitment in a company that manufactures and sells household appliances. The reason for this lies in the recent findings on the relationship of happiness perceived and generated in the work environment and its possible relationship with the commitment of employees to the company, as well as the relationship of internal communication with the construction of a positive perceived organizational climate. The methodology used will be qualitative, since the relationship between internal communication and the organizational climate will be analyzed, two highly relevant intangible aspects in terms of labor relations from the perspective of the collaborators, who will be the interviewees. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación tiene como propósito conocer la influencia de la comunicación interna en la identidad corporativa para fomentar el compromiso de los colaboradores en una empresa de seguridad privada. Para ello, es necesario conocer cómo los canales de comunicación interna formales e informales influyen en la construcción de la identidad corporativa por parte de los colaboradores. En particular, es importante conocer cómo a través de esta identidad corporativa se fomenta el compromiso de los colaboradores en la relación con la organización. Para cumplir con el objetivo, se realizará un estudio de investigación de enfoque cualitativo con paradigma interpretativo, además se utilizará un diseño de teoría fundamentada para entender las relaciones con los colaboradores. Se aplicarán entrevistas semiestructuradas para recopilar la información donde se arrojarán datos empíricos para la investigación. Asimismo, se decidió tomar una muestra de 20 participantes voluntarios de una empresa de seguridad privada que opera en Lima, Perú. / The purpose of this research is to understand the influence of internal communication on corporate identity to promote the engagement of employees in a private security company. For this, it is necessary to know how formal and informal internal communication channels influence the construction of corporate identity by employees. In particular, it is important to know how through this corporate identity the engagement of the collaborators in the relationship with the organization is fostered. To fulfill the objective, a qualitative approach research study with an interpretive paradigm will be carried out, and a grounded theory design will be used to understand the relationships with collaborators. Semi-structured interviews will be applied to collect the information where empirical data will be thrown for the research. Similarly, a sample of 20 volunteer participants could be taken from a private security company operating in Lima, Peru. / Trabajo de investigación

(in English): The diploma thesis is focused on employee engagement in a specific organization and its analysis. It is based on the assumption that employee engagement can be perceived as an overarching concept based on the theory of role quality, motivation, satisfaction, and leadership, and that employee engagement has an impact on employee productivity and increases the results of the organization. In this diploma thesis, we rejoin the question of what is employee engagement in a specific organization, what is the differentiation according to employee department, and what factors affect the employee engagement. First, the thesis pivots with the terminological grounding of employee engagement and the discussion that surrounds this approach. Then, an analysis of the employee engagement is performed, focusing on ongoing organizational changes due to the COVID 19 pandemic. Finally, the thesis proposes few recommendations that the organization can implement and thus improve employee engagement.

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