This paper aim to give a new perspective to science about service worker and their difficult situation between the organization and the customer. By using Goffman´s theories about how we act and define ourselves by others I hope to give a new dimension to understand what happens in the meeting between a customer and a service-worker. The essay is based on a category of service-worker called “servicerådgivare”. They are the ones who are between the car owner and the mechanics. Their job is to receive the cars in the morning and inform the customer of what has been done at the end of the day. During this process they are supposed to satisfy the customer while following the instructions from the organization, which leads to a tricky middle position. Theories about how people act and establish different faces are used to understand how the service worker always have to change face to different customers. It also discusses how a person can feel when being told to do one thing (by the company) and morally feel like doing another thing to satisfy the customer. Some researchers claim that this could make them feel bad and that working with customers all day may lead to social exhaustion. Trying to increase the understanding for people working in service work interviews and observations where used to form the material and the basis for my final discussion. Some comments from customers are also used to see what expectations they have on the service worker. The founding’s in this study is that “servicerådgivarna” have a hard time trying to balance between the organizational demands and the customer´s expectations. Many time lacks of resources are the biggest trouble and makes them improvise, which some finds satisfying but most of them are felling stressed and insufficient.

By defined structuring of sliding surfaces at dynamic contact seals friction and leakage can be reduced. Compared to macro-structures, micro-structures have the advantage of a quasi-homogeneous influence on the fluid behavior in the sealing gap. The development of suitable microstructures based on prototypes, whose properties are studied on the test bench, is very expensive and time-consuming due to the challenging manufacturing process and measuring technologies, which are necessary to investigate the complex rheological behavior within the sealing gap. A simulation-based development of microstructured sealing surfaces offers a cost- and time-saving alternative. This paper presents a method for simulative design and optimization of microstructured sealing surfaces at the example of a microstructured mechanical face seal.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

It is important to establish the role of age in face-processing since perceived-age is a dimension that may be used to encode faces within memory. While previous research has demonstrated faces can be categorised by age, a question that has not been addressed is how well people are able to do so. This study identifies the extent to which people can categorise faces on the basis of age and also explores the nature of the visual information used for this. The evidence suggests that age-perception is much more complex than has been previously suggested. Using realistic faces as stimuli, it becomes apparent that people are adept at using a wide variety of cues to age. Overall, this demonstrates that we have a sophisticated understanding of the changes that occur through ageing, that we can use with a high degree of subtlety and accuracy. Given the robust nature of information about age and the ability to which it can be used to differentiate faces, age must be influential at encoding. However, the ability to determine and encode a face's physical properties at one point in time can not be a full explanation for the way faces are represented simply because those physical properties do not stay the same over time. The ageing face can therefore be used as a tool to gain greater insight into what facial information is utilised for individual recognition. This was investigated using a recognition paradigm where the individual faces were of different ages to those initially presented and hence displayed different physical properties. The evidence shows that recognition despite age-induced changes is possible; this implies that there is not a one to one mapping between the physical properties at encoding and those that the memory system operates on to accomplish recognition.

Data on the three?dimensional (3?D) morphology of normal faces and facial deformities as well as objective techniques for evaluating postoperative changes are currently unavailable. With the advent of stereophotography and cone?beam CT (CBCT), it is possible to acquire 3?D images of soft and hard tissues of the maxillofacial complex. A series of studies were conducted aimed at 1) establishing 3?D facial anthropometric norms for Hong Kong young adults, 2) determining 3?D facial anthropometric features in skeletal Class II and III deformities, 3) characterizing the oropharyngeal space in Class II and III skeletal deformities, 4) exploring clinical applications of 3?D colour maps, 5) establishing a non?invasive technique for estimating serial volume changes and 6) creating virtual craniofacial models by fusing 3?D photographs and CBCT images. Study 1: A stereophotographic system was used to capture 3?D images of 103 Hong Kong Chinese young adults with normal balanced faces. An anthropometric analysis protocol with linear, angular and proportional measurements was developed to establish a normative database and quantify dysmorphology. The Hong Kong Chinese norms were distinct from Caucasians, especially with regard to ocular and nasal measurements. Facial height and nasolabial measurements differed significantly between Hong Kong males and females. Study 2: Anthropometric analyses of 3?D facial images from 41 skeletal Class II and 43 Class III subjects were performed. The Class II subjects had increased lower facial height compared with Class III, who had longer total facial heights and narrower faces. While Class II deformity primarily resulted from mandibular deficiency with a normal maxilla, Class III presented as combined midfacial hypoplasia and mandibular hyperplasia. Study 3: Anthropometric characteristics of the oropharygeal space in skeletal Class II and III were evaluated using 62 CBCT scans. The retroglossal (RG) and retropalatal (RP) volumes and average cross sectional areas were significantly larger in Class III than Class II skeletal deformity. The RP compartment was larger but less uniform than the RG compartment in both Classes. Study 4: 3?D photographs or CBCT images acquired at two different time points were superimposed using a common unaffected area. 3?D colour maps were generated depicting distance differences between superimposed images in a graphical format. These maps were used as an objective tool for treatment planning and assessing outcomes after orthognathic surgery, bimaxillary distraction and facial trauma. Study 5: 3?D photogrammetry was employed for planning soft tissue expansion (STE) and transplantation of a vascularised scapular flap in hemifacial microsomia. This technique facilitated the identification of extent and degree of tissue deficiency, selection of the appropriate tissue expander, monitoring volumetric changes during STE and estimation of the free flap dimensions. Study 6: 3?D facial photographs and CBCT scans of 29 subjects were merged to create virtual craniofacial models with natural surface texture. Accuracy was assessed with 3?D colour maps and Root Mean Square (RMS) error. The CBCT and 3?D photographic data were integrated while minimizing average RMS error to 0.441mm. These virtual composite craniofacial models permitted concurrent 3?D assessment of bone and soft tissue. / published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

本論文的主要目的是建立一套人臉辨識系統，即使在光源不足或甚至是完全黑暗的環境下也能夠正確地進行身分辨識。在完全黑暗的情形下，我們可以利用具有夜視功能(近紅外線)的攝影機來擷取影像，然而，近紅外線影像通常呈現亮度非常不均勻的情形，導致我們無法直接利用現有的人臉辨識系統來作辨識。因此，我們首先觀察近紅外線影像的特性，然後依據此特性提出一個影像成像的模型；接著，利用同構增晰的原理來減低因成像過程所造成的不均勻現象；經由實驗的結果，我們得知現有的全域式人臉辨識系統無法有效地處理近紅外線影像，因此，我們提出了一個新的區域式的人臉辨識演算法，針對光線不足的情況作特殊考量，以得到較佳的辨識結果。本論文實作的系統是以最近點分類法來作身份辨識，在現有的32個人臉影像資料集中，正確的辨識率達75%。 / The main objective of this thesis is to develop a face recognition system that could recognize human faces even when the surrounding environment is totally dark. The images of objects in total darkness can be captured using a relatively low-cost camcorder with the NightShot® function. By overcoming the illumination factor, a face recognition system would continue to function independent of the surrounding lighting condition. However, images acquired exhibit non-uniformity due to irregular illumination and current face recognition systems may not be put in use directly. In this thesis, we first investigate the characteristics of NIR images and propose an image formation model. A homomorphic processing technique built upon the image model is then developed to reduce the artifact of the captured images. After that, we conduct experiments to show that existing holistic face recognition systems perform poorly with NIR images. Finally, a more robust feature-based method is proposed to achieve better recognition rate under low illumination. A nearest neighbor classifier using Euclidean distance function is employed to recognize familiar faces from a database. The feature-based recognition method we developed achieves a recognition rate of 75% on a database of 32 people, with one sample image for each subject.

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This thesis addresses analysis, evaluation and simulation of low complexity face detection algorithms and tracking that could be used on mobile phones. Network access control using face recognition increases the user-friendliness in human-computer interaction. In order to realize a real time system implemented on handheld devices with low computing power, low complexity algorithms for face detection and face tracking are implemented. Skin color detection algorithms and face matching have low implementation complexity suitable for authentication of cellular network services. Novel approaches for reducing the complexities of these algorithms and fast implementation are introduced in this thesis. This includes a fast algorithm for face detection in video sequences, using a skin color model in the HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) color space. It is combined with a Gaussian model of the H and S statistics and adaptive thresholds. These algorithms permit segmentation and detection of multiple faces in thumbnail images. Furthermore we evaluate and compare our results with those of a method implemented in the Chromatic Color space (YCbCr). We also test our test data on face detection method using Convolutional Neural Network architecture to study the suitability of using other approaches besides skin color as the basic feature for face detection. Finally, face tracking is done in 2D color video streams using HSV as the histogram color space. The program is used to compute 3D trajectories for a remote surveillance system.

Dans l’aéronautique et plus précisément dans les avions tout électrique, l’objectif visé est de réduire les masses et volumes des composants. Pour cela, les actionneurs électriques remplacent progressivement les actionneurs hydrauliques et mécaniques. Ces actionneurs électriques ont besoin d’être commandés ; le projet THOR (projet européen dans lequel s’inscrit cette thèse) vise entre autres à développer un étage de commande permettant de piloter des interrupteurs de puissance. Les interrupteurs étant situés à proximité directe de l’étage driver et les tensions de sorties pouvant atteindre 3 kV, une isolation galvanique est obligatoire. Anciennement, les optocoupleurs étaient utilisés pour assurer l’isolation galvanique dans les étages de commande. Cependant, afin de pouvoir utiliser ces composants dans un environnement thermique contraignant et assurer une meilleure intégration, les opto-coupleurs ne sont plus adaptés et sont remplacés par des transformateurs. Dans ce contexte, s’inscrivent les travaux de cette thèse où l’objectif principal est de développer, réaliser et caractériser des transformateurs planaires intégrables répondant au cahier des charges THOR. Dans un premier temps, un état de l’art sur les différentes technologies de fabrication de transformateurs planaires est établi avant de choisir la technologie et les matériaux utilisés dans ces composants. Dans un deuxième temps, on s’intéresse au choix et au dimensionnement du transformateur. Deux structures répondant au cahier des charges THOR ont été retenues et dimensionnées à l’aide d’un logiciel de simulation (HFSS) : une structure entrelacée et une structure ‘face to face’. Ces deux structures ont été réalisées et caractérisées à l’aide d’un LCRmètre en basse fréquence et d’un Analyseur Vectoriel de Réseaux (VNA) en haute fréquence. Pour les deux structures, la caractérisation a permis de vérifier les valeurs des inductances magnétisantes supérieures à 1 μH souhaitées par le projet THOR et des facteurs de couplages supérieurs à 0,9 déterminées par simulation. D’autres paramètres importants du cahier des charges ont été également extraits à savoir la capacité interbobinage où des capacités inférieures à quelques pF ont été obtenues et des résistances d’enroulement inférieures à 10 Ω ont été relevées / In aeronautics and more specifically in an all-electric aircraft, the main objective is to reduce the mass and volume of the components. For this, the electric actuators gradually replace hydraulic and mechanical actuators. These electric actuators need to be commanded; THOR project (European project supporting this thesis) aims to develop a control stage to command the power switches. The switches are located in the direct vicinity of the driver stage with an output voltage that can reach up to 3 kV hence the need for a galvanic isolation. Formerly, the opto-couplers were used to provide galvanic isolation in the control stages. However, in order to use these components in thermal constraining environment and ensure better integration, opto-couplers are no longer appropriate and are replaced by transformers. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is to develop, realize and characterize integrated planar transformers that meet the THOR specifications. At first a state of art on the different manufacturing technologies of planar transformers is established before choosing the technology and the materials used in the fabrication of our planar transformers. In a second step, we are interested in the choice and size of the transformer structure. Two structures that met the THOR specifications were selected and resized using a simulation software (HFSS). Finally, these two structures were realized and characterized using an RLC-meter at low frequency and a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) at high frequency. For both structures, the characterization allowed to verified the magnetizing inductance greater than 1 μH desired by the THOR project and a coupling factor greater than 0,9 obtained par simulations. Other important parameters were also extracted namely the inter-winding capacity where less than few pF wasobtained and the windings resistance has been identified less than 10 Ω