Student Number : 9603019J - MSc dissertation - School of Architecture and Planning - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / The aim of this research report is to determine the viability of the hypothesis that ethnic enclaves have the potential to contribute positively to urban regeneration. This research is motivated by the importance that is placed on regenerating cities at present and by the fact that many cities around the world, including Johannesburg, are intensely diverse and are composed of a significant number of ethnic minority groups. The Johannesburg Inner City area of Fordsburg has been chosen as a case study. The area has for many years been closely associated with the Indian community of Johannesburg and appears to be showing signs of renewed interest and rejuvenation. Secondary research has been employed as a means to structure the theoretical base of the report and to explain current debates regarding urban regeneration and ethnic enclaves. Quantitative and qualitative criteria have been applied in analysing the findings regarding the scenario in Fordsburg. According to the theory, even in the modern contemporary metropolis, members of society still ascribe to ethnic identities and organise themselves spatially into ethnic enclaves within cities. It is also revealed that urban regeneration can be achieved through several means and that initiatives that target and include ethnic minorities have the potential to produce coherent and desirable results. This includes meaningful input from public sector, private sector and members of community. In analysing Fordsburg, it is shown that the area could definitely be considered as an ethnic enclave and is undergoing a certain amount of regeneration. This regeneration has been mainly driven by the private sector and members of community who identify with the Indian/South Asian enclave. While public sector input has been less significant in Fordsburg’s regeneration, it is nevertheless asserted that ethnic enclaves do have the potential to positively promote urban regeneration.

Le 11 mars 1990 marque la fin du régime autoritaire de Pinochet qui dura environ 17 années. Ce jour les nouvelles autorités démocratiques prirent leurs fonctions débutant ainsi le processus de consolidation démocratique. Même avant le changement de régime, autrement dit pendant le processus de transition à la démocratie, se mit en évidence qu'un des principaux défis des gouvernements démocratiques devait être la suppression des enclaves autoritaires. Ceux-ci, fissurent et dénaturent un régime démocratique en permettant que certaines institutions et/ou acteurs déterminent les limites de la consolidation démocratique.Dans cette recherche nous analysons les effets de deux types de d'enclaves autoritaires, les institutionnels et celles des acteurs. Par rapport au premier type d'enclaves nous décidons d'analyser la Constitution de 1980, le système électoral binominal et la Loi d'Amnistie de 1978. En particulier il nous intéresse d'observer comment ils furent supprimés, désarticulés, neutralisés ou annulés pendant la consolidation démocratique. Quant au second type d'enclaves nous décidons d'analyser le comportement des juges de la Cour Suprême, l'armée et quelques secteurs à l’intérieur des partis politiques de la droite chilienne. Notre attention est destinée à déterminer si ces acteurs éprouvèrent un processus de mutation qui leur permettrait de se détacher de la connotation d'enclave autoritaire. / March 11th of 1990 marks the end of Pinochet´s authoritarian regime, which lasted about 17 years. That day the new democratic authorities took office thereby initiating the process of democratic consolidation. Before the change of regime, during the process of transition to democracy, it became clear that one of the main challenges of the democratic government would be the elimination of authoritarian enclaves. These erode and undermine a democratic regime allowing certain institutions and/or stakeholders to determine the limits of democratic consolidation.In this research we analyze what happened with two types of authoritarian enclaves, institutional and stakeholder. Regarding the first type of enclave we decided to analyze the Constitution of 1980, the binominal electoral system and the Amnesty Law of 1978. We were particularly interested in seeing how these were suppressed, unarticulated, neutralized or canceled during the democratic consolidation. As for the second type of enclave we chose to analyze the behavior of the judges of the Supreme Court, the Army and some sectors within the political parties of the Chilean right. Our attention was aimed at determining if these stakeholders had undergone a process of change that allowed them to get rid of the connotation of the authoritarian enclave.

Les péridotites en enclaves dans les kimberlites sont classées en sept types structuraux qui constituent trois grands groupes: structures à gros grain (équante et tabulaire), structures de tectonite (porphyroclastique, en mosaïque et en mosaïque fluidale) et enfin structures secondaires (tabulaires et à gros grain), qui correspondent à différents états du manteau supérieur. Cette classification est fondée essentiellement sur l'olivine qui est le minéral le plus abondant, le plus ductile et le mieux connu du manteau supérieur. On compare les cortèges d'enclaves des différents pipes kimberlitiques entre eux, puis les xénolites des kimberlites avec ceux des basaltes: il en résulte que les structures de tectonites des premiers correspondent à des taux de déformation et des contraintes plus élevés que les structures des seconds.

Gated communities are the new forms of residential settlements, which emerged as a response to changing urban dynamics, becoming increasingly common across the world. Fenced or walled off from the surrounding and limiting the access of the nonresidents, gated communities are in an attempt to create an alternative way of living by eliminating the disadvantages of the ordinary city life and providing secure, well-managed, well-maintained and peaceful environments. On the other hand, gated communities are open to ongoing discussions and controversies. Gating attitude is mostly criticized in many fields, especially causing corruptions on the social and physical cohesion of the cities. Turkey is also witnessing these conflicts by the growing number of private residential areas. In this respect, this study tries to examine the contemporary development of gated communities in Turkey. To this end, a research study was conducted in &Ccedil / ankaya, the central district of Ankara. Zirvekent residential settlement &ndash / as an exemplar of gated communities- and its close neighborhood Birlik Mahallesi &ndash / as an exemplar of non-gated communities- were chosen as the study areas. Thereby, in the light of the analysis it was aimed to reveal the relationships and the differences between gated and non-gated residents, addressing their demographic characteristics, preferences, perceptions and evaluations for the certain physical and social aspects. Due to the results of the research study, the demographic characteristics of the residents in Zirvekent Settlement and Birlik Mahallesi showed differences especially regarding their ages, their education and income levels. The findings also revealed that Zirvekent residents were feeling much more secure in their houses when compared to Birlik residents. Furthermore, the residents of Zirvekent were mostly satisfied with their physical and social environments, and accordingly they associated their present houses to their ideal ones and they desire to continue to live in them more than non-gated residents in Birlik Mahallesi.

Les similitudes observées entre les enclaves microgrenues sombres des deux granites étudiés révèlent un processus de formation unique. qui peut être étendu aux enclaves d'autres massifs intrusifs calco-alcalins. L'interprétation suivante est proposée: - les enclaves microgrenues sont des roches ignées témoignant de la coexistence de magmas de composition contrastée qui ont interagi de manière complexe à différents stades de leur évolution respective selon le processus général suivant: - mise en contact d'un magma basique s.l. chaud et peu cristallisé avec un magma granitique partiellement cristallisé en base de chambre magmatique, - mélanges mécaniques répétés et en proportions variables conduisant à la déstabilisation des phénocristaux du magma granitique (plagioclases à "patchy-zoning", feldspaths alcalins à couronne rapakivi, ocelles de quartz à liseré de ferromagnésiens) dans les magmas hybrides résu ltant, échanges chimiques sélcctifs favorisés par la présence de fluides, -injection et dispersion en enclaves des magmas hybrides dans les parties supérieures plus froides et visqueuses de la chambre magmatique, - cristallisation rapide des enclaves jusqu'à disparition du contexte de surfusion, échanges chimiques intenses avec le granite sous contrôle minéralogique et en présence de fluides (enrichissement des enclaves en alcalins et ions à forte densité de charge, développement d'une bordure centimétrique sombre), - fin de cristallisation plus lente en parallèle avec celle du granite. Le granite miocène du Monte Capanne résulte de mélanges entre un magma anatectique dominant d'origine crustale métapélitique et un magma basaltique mantellique représenté par les enclaves dans un contexte distensif postsubduction. Le granite tardi-varisque du Mont-Blanc contient deux familles d'enclaves (magnésiennes et ferriferes) distinctes, la seconde ayant des caractères chimiques anormaux excluant l'identification définitive de sa source. Des fïlons tardifs de composition identique à celle des enclaves magnésiennes confirment l'origine magmatique de ces dernières. Le granite du Mont-Blanc provient de la fusion d'une croûte granulitique profonde en contexte distensif épirogénique favorisée par l'intrusion de magmas basiques d'origine mantellique dont l'existence est attestée par les enclaves et les filons. Le magma granitique comprend une éventuelle composante mantellique dont la proportion est inconnue. Les enclaves microgrenues des granitoïdes calco-alcalins en général sont considérées comme le témoin de la coexistence de magmas basique et acide non consanguins. mais cogénétiques dans le sens où l'existence du premier a pu induire celle du second. Leur hybridation peut engendrer d'importants volumes de magmas de composition intermédiaire.

The Post-Fordist structure has aroused as a response to the stable/rigid configuration of Fordism that caused a bottleneck within capitalist organization since the mid 1970s. This period is also labeled as flexible accumulation that is based on the least circulation period of capital and as a result turnover time of the consumption objects. Here, consumption becomes a cultural activity besides its role of meeting material necessities and calls for a form of culture, in which the symbolic value of any object is of significance more than its use-value. Within this frame, the study selected a new form of contemporary housing provision as an exemplification area / the gated enclaves that represent a form of investment for the legitimization of values projected by the consumer culture. They are especially located at the new urban development areas, shared by high income level owners / surrounded by exclusionary devices like / walls, fences and private security mechanisms, and provide additional privatized services. This study aims at studying the modes of marketing strategies of these newly emerging housing provisions in Ankara that all are constructed around the theme of &ldquo / a distinct life style&rdquo / through their representational media. Therefore the study will investigate how the idea of distinctness is made public and by means of spatial analyses, how and to what extent the assertion of distinctness is achieved or constituted a genuine position within the academic or professional architectural culture will be investigated while such concepts as &ldquo / homogenization&rdquo / and &ldquo / distinctness&rdquo / will be also in agenda.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mak_matf_me_rcla.pdf: 2223494 bytes, checksum: 2303f1745b22c1ca8b3779053d0fd44c (MD5) / O espaço geográfico e por conseqüência, o espaço urbano, devem ser considerados produto e condição das relações humanas, portanto, um sistema indissociável de objetos e ações. Dentro desta visão temos que os elementos não devem ser estudados isoladamente, de forma fragmentada, pois isso afastaria qualquer análise da realidade. Seguindo a metodologia do estudo da forma, estrutura, função, e processo, este trabalho analisará um aspecto muito comum nas cidades nos dias atuais: as edificações abandonadas. Inicialmente definidas como brownfields, termo aqui substituído por enclaves anacrônicos, ou seja, objetos técnicos que permanecem alheios ao processo de modernização espacial. São edificações e instalações que tiveram seu ciclo de vida interrompido por um processo de declínio econômico ou funcional, impulsionado por novas dinâmicas de produção social do espaço de escalas regionais ou até mesmo globais, que a tornaram obsoletas, degradadas e disfuncionais, demandando uma reordenação, já que estas se mostram no espaço como fraturas temporais à espera de uma nova função ou uso. Este trabalho, realizado na cidade de Campinas, tem o objetivo de avaliar dois diferentes processos de recuperação de enclaves anacrônicos, um realizado pelo poder público e outro pela iniciativa privada, buscando alcançar o entendimento de qual destes métodos apresenta resultados mais positivos à sociedade, fazendo-se uso da idéia de preservação da memória e de uso e consumo do espaço. / The Geographic space and the urban space might be considered product and condition of human relationships and therefore a whole set of objects and actions. In this way we may consider that the elements shouldn t be studied detached, in a fragmentary way, under the risk of realize unreal analysis. Following the study methodology of form, structure, function and process this work will analyze a common aspect of the cities nowadays: abandoned or under usefully buildings. At first, they were called brownfields, term afterwards replaced by anachronistic broke, in other words, technical objects that remam absorbed to space modernization process. They are buildings and settlements that had their life cycle interrupted by a functionally or economically decline process, propelled by new ctynamics of space social production with regional or global scales that became them outmoded, degraded and dysfunctionally, needing new ordination because they presents themselves like a temporal fracture that waiting new functions or uses. This work - realized in Campinas, Brazil - has the objective of appraise two different recuperation process of anachronistic broke: one realized by State and another by private initiative, waiting understand which of this methods presents better results to society, using the concepts of memory preservation, use and consume of the space.

Geóloga / A los 33°S, en territorio chileno y argentino, existe una fragmentación de las franjas batolíticas representativas del arco magmático del Paleozoico tardío. Al norte de 33°S, en la Cordillera Frontal, aflora el Batolito Elqui-Limarí, de edad Misisípico Superior - Triásico Superior, mientras que al sur de 33°S, en la costa, aflora el Batolito Costero, entre 33°-39°S, de edad, esencialmente, Pensilvánico. La presencia de enclaves graníticos de edad Carbonífero tardío, incluidos en un dique máfico mesozoico emplazado en el Complejo Metamórfico del Choapa, en el sector costero de Huentelauquén (31°30 S), podría sugerir la prolongación del Batolito Costero hacia el norte, bajo la cobertura meso-cenozoica. Este trabajo presenta un estudio detallado de las características petrográficas y geoquímicas, además de dataciones U-Pb e isotopía de Hf en circones, mediante el método LA-ICP-MS, de una muestra de enclave, con el fin de aportar nuevos antecedentes para la evolución tectono-magmática del margen occidental de Gondwana, durante el Paleozoico tardío. El enclave corresponde a un monzo-sienogranito, hololeucocrático, con microclina, sin máficos primarios frescos y con texturas de intercrecimiento y magmáticas tardías. Los resultados geoquímicos en roca total de elementos mayores y elementos traza indican que correspondería a un granito desarrollado en un ambiente de margen típico de subducción, con magmatismo de arco asociado, fraccionamiento de piroxeno y plagioclasa durante su cristalización, sin la influencia de granate, a partir de un protolito ígneo. Las dataciones U-Pb en circones de la muestra de enclave arrojan una edad de cristalización pensilvánica de 318.6±2 Ma, con un rango de edades entre 305 y 335 Ma. Las determinaciones isotópicas de Lu-Hf en la muestra de enclave entregan valores ℇHf(i) entre 0 y +7, mostrando una componente juvenil predominante y edades modelo tDM desde el Mesoproterozoico tardío al Neoproterozoico temprano (tDM=1.22-0.85 Ga). La concordancia de estas características, excepto en las isotópicas, con las conocidas para el Batolito Costero parecen confirmar la idea de una prolongación de éste hacia el norte, bajo la cobertura meso-cenozoica y el basamento metamórfico. Asimismo, mediante el estudio geocronológico e isotópico en circones heredados en lavas y plutones cenozoicos en la Alta Cordillera (34°S), se sugiere que las componentes pensilvánicas del Batolito Elqui-Limarí se extenderían hacia el sur, en subsuperficie, hasta, por lo menos, estas latitudes. Se propone que, durante el Misisípico Superior-Pensilvánico, se habrían desarrollado dos arcos simultáneos, paralelos e independientes, representados por el Batolito Elqui-Limarí, en la Alta Cordillera, y el Batolito Costero, en la costa, emplazados en la litósfera como una zona de tipo MASH, cuya fuente principal sería una corteza continental antigua y reciclada, con pulsos discretos provenientes de la astenósfera, en zonas de debilidades corticales heredadas, representadas, por ejemplo, por los magmas de los enclaves graníticos. Estos dos arcos simultáneos se habrían desarrollado por la migración de un terreno alóctono o para-alóctono desde el W hacia el margen occidental de Gondwana, que correspondería al Terreno X, o Terreno de Atacama o de Domeyko, como se lo nombra en este estudio, separado de Chilenia por una sucesión alineada de afloramientos de metamorfitas interpretadas como remanentes de un prisma de acreción. El arco de la Alta Cordillera se habría desarrollado en el borde trasero de Chilenia, mientras que el arco de la Cordillera de la Costa se habría desarrollado en el borde W del Terreno Atacama o Domeyko.

No description available.

Ce travail descit les formations granitiques, gneiss de la vallée du Vénéon . Il en fait aussi une description tectonique ( 1965).