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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Three Studies Examining the Effects of Psychological Distance on Judgment and Decision Making in Accounting

Weisner, Martin 01 January 2015 (has links)
This dissertation comprises three studies, a literature review and two experimental studies, that center on the effects of psychological distance on judgment and decision-making in accounting. Construal level theory (CLT) of psychological distance (Liberman and Trope 1998; Trope and Liberman 2003), a framework recently developed in the field of social psychology, constitutes the theoretical foundation for each study. The first study reviews extant literature on CLT and illustrates the theory's potential for investigating previously unexplained phenomena within the accounting domain. Selected publications that apply CLT in contexts that are of particular interest to accounting researchers are emphasized and a series of broad, CLT-based research questions pertaining to various accounting domains are offered. The second study applies CLT to the audit context by investigating whether the performance of common auditing tasks that require varying degrees of abstract thinking affect decision-makers' overall mindset and hence their subsequent judgment. Results from the second study have important implications for audit practice as auditors work in environments that require frequent shifts in focus due to multiple client or project demands. The third study applies CLT to the enterprise risk management context by examining how spatial distance from a risk assessment object and risk category (i.e., the type of risk) affects decision-makers' assessment of the probability that the risk will materialize. The third study thus informs the corporate governance literature by identifying psychological distance as a potential source for judgment bias during the risk assessment process. Overall, the results reported in this dissertation suggest that psychological distance systematically affects individuals' judgment subject to the caveat that the judgment of concern falls within the domain of the decision-maker's routine cognition. By presenting empirical evidence from both the audit and the risk management domain, the studies contribute to our understanding of the heuristics and biases in judgment and decision-making in professional settings that are of interest to accounting research.
42

Optimizing enterprise risk management: a literature review and critical analysis of the work of Wu and Olson

Choi, Y., Ye, Xiaoxia, Zhao, L., Luo, A.C. 10 February 2015 (has links)
No / Risks exist in all aspects of our lives. Using data in both Scopus and ISI Web of Science, this review paper identifies pioneer work and pioneer scholars in enterprise risk management (ERM). Being ranked the first based on the review data, Desheng Wu has been active in this area by serving as a good academic network manager on the global research network, His global efforts with diverse networking have enabled him to publish outstanding papers in the field of ERM. Therefore, this paper also conducts a literature review of his papers and critical analysis of the work of Wu and Olson, from the perspective of the ERM, to glean implications and suggestions for the optimization and customization of the ERM. / NFSC grant (Grant # 71471055), the 100-Talents plan Program at Chinese Academy of Sciences and 1000-Talents plan Program for the Young Scientists.
43

Análise da relação entre grau de internacionalização e nível de maturidade em gestão de riscos corporativos / Analysis of the relation between degree of internationalization and maturity level of enterprise risk management

Bution, Jefferson Luiz 21 October 2016 (has links)
A Gestão de Riscos Corporativos (GRC) tem despertado interesse da academia desde a década de 1990, quando foi definida como uma administração abrangente e holística dos riscos empresariais, em contraste à Gestão Tradicional de Riscos que objetiva proteção. Desde então, a maior parte dos estudos empíricos disponíveis sobre a GRC pretenderam associá-la a desempenho ou eficiência e pouco há sobre sua relação com o processo de internacionalização de empresas. O menor foco da literatura sobre essa relação desperta atenção, uma vez que o processo de internacionalização implica na exposição a riscos inerentes às diversas geografias e frequentemente atípicos nos países de origem das empresas. Dessa forma, a GRC pode ser uma vantagem competitiva no processo de internacionalização. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação investigou a relação entre Grau de Internacionalização (GI) e Nível de Maturidade em Gestão de Riscos Corporativos (NMGRC) de empresas brasileiras. Para isso, utilizou-se de análise de conteúdo dos Formulários de Referência de 72 empresas listadas nos três níveis de governança corporativa da BM&F Bovespa no ano fiscal de 2013. Por meio da técnica estatística multivariada de Análise de Componentes Principais foram definidos três construtos para a composição do GI (Receita do Exterior, Recursos Físicos e Humanos no Exterior e Participação em Sociedades no Exterior) e três para NMGRC (Liderança na Gestão de Riscos, Suporte Externo para Gestão de Riscos e Prática de Gestão de Riscos). Os construtos então foram agrupados em um índice composto para NMGRC e GI, seguidos de propostas métricas aplicáveis a dados primários. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas de forma associativa, por meio de correlações, entre grupos, com a análise de quatro agrupamentos ordenados por GI; e de forma preditiva, com emprego de Regressão Logística Ordinal. Os resultados mostraram uma relação direta e proporcional entre o Nível de Maturidade em Gestão de Riscos Corporativos e o Grau de Internacionalização das empresas pesquisadas pelos três métodos de análise. Quanto ao efeito da GRC no GI, esta última teve maior relação com Liderança na Gestão de Riscos, seguida em importância por Prática de Gestão de Riscos. O construto Suporte Externo para Gestão de Riscos não foi conclusivo. Quanto ao efeito da internacionalização no NMGRC, a maior relação foi encontrada para Receita do Exterior, seguida de Recursos Físicos e Humanos no Exterior. O construto Participação em Sociedades no Exterior não foi conclusivo. Com esses resultados, esta dissertação encontrou indícios de que o engajamento da alta direção com a GRC pode trazer vantagem no atingimento dos objetivos de internacionalização das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, principalmente quando as receitas do exterior aumentam ou há alocação de recursos físicos e humanos fora do país. / The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been of academic interest since the 90´s when it was defined as a wider and holistic management of business risks, in contrast to the Traditional Risk Management practice, which intends to protection. Since then, the vast majority of available empirical researches on ERM aimed to associate it with performance and efficiency and scarce literature is found on its relationship with the internationalisation process. The absence of this connection draws attention as the internationalisation process involves the exposition of a firm to risks derived from the array of involved geographies, frequently unusual in its origin country. Then, the ERM is potentially a competitive advantage in the internationalisation process of a firm. This research investigated the relationship between the Degree of Internationalisation (DI) and the Maturity Level of Enterprise Risk Management (MLERM) thru empirical data. To meet this objective, a documental research on 72 listed companies in the three top tier corporate governance index of the Brazilian Stock Exchange was conducted. Data was extracted from the forms officially submitted to the government market authority in the fiscal year of 2013 by an extensive content analysis. Using the multivariate statistic method of Principal Component Analysis, three constructs were defined to DI (Revenues from Abroad, Physical and Human Resources Abroad and Interest in Societies Abroad) and three to MLERM (Leadership in Risk Management, External Support to Risk Management and Risk Management Practices). These constructs were then used to build composite indexes to MLERM and DI, followed by a proposition of counterpart indexes applicable to primary data. The statistical analysis were made in three ways: associative, with use of correlations; between groups, with the analysis of four clusters ranked by their DI; and predictive, with the use of Ordinal Logistic Regression. The results have shown a proportional and direct relation between the Maturity Level of Enterprise Risk Management and the Degree of Internationalization of researched companies by the three applied methods. As for the effect of ERM on ID, the later shown greater relation to Leadership in Risk Management, followed in importance by Risk Management Practices. The construct External Support to Risk Management was inconclusive. As for the effect of internationalization on MLERM, the greater relation was found to Revenues from Abroad, followed in importance by Physical and Human Resources Abroad. The construct Interest in Societies Abroad was inconclusive. With these results this research has found indications that the engagement of the higher directive board towards ERM may be an advantage in achieving the internationalization targets of Brazilian public companies, mainly when the revenues from abroad increase or there are human or physical resources invested out of the borders.
44

Análise da relação entre grau de internacionalização e nível de maturidade em gestão de riscos corporativos / Analysis of the relation between degree of internationalization and maturity level of enterprise risk management

Jefferson Luiz Bution 21 October 2016 (has links)
A Gestão de Riscos Corporativos (GRC) tem despertado interesse da academia desde a década de 1990, quando foi definida como uma administração abrangente e holística dos riscos empresariais, em contraste à Gestão Tradicional de Riscos que objetiva proteção. Desde então, a maior parte dos estudos empíricos disponíveis sobre a GRC pretenderam associá-la a desempenho ou eficiência e pouco há sobre sua relação com o processo de internacionalização de empresas. O menor foco da literatura sobre essa relação desperta atenção, uma vez que o processo de internacionalização implica na exposição a riscos inerentes às diversas geografias e frequentemente atípicos nos países de origem das empresas. Dessa forma, a GRC pode ser uma vantagem competitiva no processo de internacionalização. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação investigou a relação entre Grau de Internacionalização (GI) e Nível de Maturidade em Gestão de Riscos Corporativos (NMGRC) de empresas brasileiras. Para isso, utilizou-se de análise de conteúdo dos Formulários de Referência de 72 empresas listadas nos três níveis de governança corporativa da BM&F Bovespa no ano fiscal de 2013. Por meio da técnica estatística multivariada de Análise de Componentes Principais foram definidos três construtos para a composição do GI (Receita do Exterior, Recursos Físicos e Humanos no Exterior e Participação em Sociedades no Exterior) e três para NMGRC (Liderança na Gestão de Riscos, Suporte Externo para Gestão de Riscos e Prática de Gestão de Riscos). Os construtos então foram agrupados em um índice composto para NMGRC e GI, seguidos de propostas métricas aplicáveis a dados primários. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas de forma associativa, por meio de correlações, entre grupos, com a análise de quatro agrupamentos ordenados por GI; e de forma preditiva, com emprego de Regressão Logística Ordinal. Os resultados mostraram uma relação direta e proporcional entre o Nível de Maturidade em Gestão de Riscos Corporativos e o Grau de Internacionalização das empresas pesquisadas pelos três métodos de análise. Quanto ao efeito da GRC no GI, esta última teve maior relação com Liderança na Gestão de Riscos, seguida em importância por Prática de Gestão de Riscos. O construto Suporte Externo para Gestão de Riscos não foi conclusivo. Quanto ao efeito da internacionalização no NMGRC, a maior relação foi encontrada para Receita do Exterior, seguida de Recursos Físicos e Humanos no Exterior. O construto Participação em Sociedades no Exterior não foi conclusivo. Com esses resultados, esta dissertação encontrou indícios de que o engajamento da alta direção com a GRC pode trazer vantagem no atingimento dos objetivos de internacionalização das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, principalmente quando as receitas do exterior aumentam ou há alocação de recursos físicos e humanos fora do país. / The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been of academic interest since the 90´s when it was defined as a wider and holistic management of business risks, in contrast to the Traditional Risk Management practice, which intends to protection. Since then, the vast majority of available empirical researches on ERM aimed to associate it with performance and efficiency and scarce literature is found on its relationship with the internationalisation process. The absence of this connection draws attention as the internationalisation process involves the exposition of a firm to risks derived from the array of involved geographies, frequently unusual in its origin country. Then, the ERM is potentially a competitive advantage in the internationalisation process of a firm. This research investigated the relationship between the Degree of Internationalisation (DI) and the Maturity Level of Enterprise Risk Management (MLERM) thru empirical data. To meet this objective, a documental research on 72 listed companies in the three top tier corporate governance index of the Brazilian Stock Exchange was conducted. Data was extracted from the forms officially submitted to the government market authority in the fiscal year of 2013 by an extensive content analysis. Using the multivariate statistic method of Principal Component Analysis, three constructs were defined to DI (Revenues from Abroad, Physical and Human Resources Abroad and Interest in Societies Abroad) and three to MLERM (Leadership in Risk Management, External Support to Risk Management and Risk Management Practices). These constructs were then used to build composite indexes to MLERM and DI, followed by a proposition of counterpart indexes applicable to primary data. The statistical analysis were made in three ways: associative, with use of correlations; between groups, with the analysis of four clusters ranked by their DI; and predictive, with the use of Ordinal Logistic Regression. The results have shown a proportional and direct relation between the Maturity Level of Enterprise Risk Management and the Degree of Internationalization of researched companies by the three applied methods. As for the effect of ERM on ID, the later shown greater relation to Leadership in Risk Management, followed in importance by Risk Management Practices. The construct External Support to Risk Management was inconclusive. As for the effect of internationalization on MLERM, the greater relation was found to Revenues from Abroad, followed in importance by Physical and Human Resources Abroad. The construct Interest in Societies Abroad was inconclusive. With these results this research has found indications that the engagement of the higher directive board towards ERM may be an advantage in achieving the internationalization targets of Brazilian public companies, mainly when the revenues from abroad increase or there are human or physical resources invested out of the borders.
45

Sensemaking Operational Risk Manager : a qualitative study on how to become successful as an operational risk manager in the Swedish financial sector.

Österlund, Joakim, Jens, Rasmusson January 2019 (has links)
This research sheds light on the nature of the role of the operational risk controller in the financial services industry. The focus is on understanding how operational risk controllers interact with different layers of the organisation and become influential with the business lines and senior management. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with operational risk controllers, and it was found that their work is becoming increasingly focused on managing people with a view to creating mutual understanding. To achieve this, operational risk controllers should work more as independent facilitators in their interactions with the first line and senior management, as engaged toolmakers when adapting and reconfiguring tools, and as non-financial risk controllers when attempting to enable business leaders to understand the magnitude of operational risks.
46

Modelo para Identificação e Gerenciamento do Grau de Risco de Empresas - MIGGRI

Souza, Joana Siqueira de January 2011 (has links)
A Gestão de Riscos tem sido uma problemática bastante discutida nos últimos tempos. A necessidade de identificar, medir e controlar o grau de risco nas empresas tem aumentado na medida em que aumentam também as incertezas que circundam as organizações. Entretanto, a gestão de riscos tem sido muito discutida no ambiente de projetos, quando se busca avaliar os riscos associados a um projeto de investimento. Porém, apesar desta informação ser importante e necessária, atualmente se faz necessário ampliar as informações de risco, buscando identificar os riscos que afetam a empresa como um todo, focando em seus diferentes tipos de negócio. Neste contexto surge a Gestão de Riscos Corporativos (ou Enterprise Risk Management – ERM), metodologia que busca identificar, medir e controlar riscos de negócio e é o tema desta pesquisa. Para a Gestão de Riscos Corporativos já foram desenvolvidos modelos como o COSO (2007) e normas como a AS/NZS 4360 (1999) e a NBR ISO 31000 (2009), porém nestes modelos muita atenção é dada às etapas a serem desenvolvidas para uma gestão completa, sem associar claramente as ferramentas e conceitos que devem ser usados em cada etapa, bem como há um foco restrito aos aspectos quantitativos, havendo dificuldade para o tratamento de riscos classificados como qualitativos. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta a construção de um Modelo Conceitual para Gestão de Riscos Corporativos, o qual foi validado através de um Estudo de Campo em duas empresas que possuem o processo de ERM relativamente estruturado. Como resultado gerouse um Modelo Preliminar, cujo principal objetivo é criar um conjunto de indicadores parciais e global que auxiliem os gestores a controlar os riscos aos quais seus negócios estão expostos, permitindo a comparação entre diferentes Unidades de Negócio (UN) de uma mesma organização. O Modelo Preliminar está apoiado em uma estrutura matricial de controle e é composto por seis fases: (i) Estruturação e Planejamento – focada em organizar o processo de Gestão de Riscos na empresa; (ii) Contexto de risco – cujo objetivo é identificar e ranquear os riscos aos quais as UNs estão expostas; (iii) Grau de exposição ao risco – fase que visa avaliar quanti e qualitativamente os riscos priorizados na fase anterior, buscando calcular os indicadores de riscos propostos, gerando o Grau de Risco de cada UN; (iv) Grau desejado de exposição ao risco – fase que busca identificar o grau de tolerância ao risco desejado pela empresa, com intuito de alinhar o grau de exposição calculado ao tolerado pela organização; (v) Tratamento dos riscos – fase onde os riscos críticos são identificados e ações de contingência são propostas para o ajuste do Grau de Risco em cada UN avaliada; e (vi) Monitoramento dos riscos – fase de gerenciamento contínuo dos riscos, onde responsabilidades de controle são definidas, visando um monitoramento horizontal dos riscos, comparando as diferentes UNs da organização. Este Modelo Preliminar foi aplicado em uma empresa de grande porte do setor de construção civil, sendo avaliadas suas duas UNs. Durante a aplicação, todas as seis fases foram realizadas, sendo possível calcular o Grau de Risco de cada UN, definindo ações contingenciais para os riscos mais críticos, estruturando um processo de controle formal e alinhado às expectativas da organização. Por fim, foi gerado um modelo final, chamado MIGGRI – Modelo para Identificação e Gerenciamento do Grau de Risco de Empresas, com algumas modificações realizadas devido à aplicação prática, concluindo-se que o modelo desenvolvido preenche as lacunas identificadas na literatura sobre Gestão de Riscos, contribuindo para esta ascendente área de pesquisa. / Recently, Risk Management issues have been widely discussed. There is an increasing need to identify, measure and control the levels of risk within enterprises as the levels of uncertainty that surround them also rise. Risk management, however, is commonly discussed at the level of projects, when the aim is to assess the risks associated with an investment project. Notwithstanding the importance and necessity of such information, nowadays it is necessary to expand the information on risks, attempting to identify the risks that affect the enterprise as a whole, focusing on its different types of business. In this context there arises the concept of Enterprise Risk Management – ERM, methodology whose objective is to identify, measure and control business risks and which is the central theme of the present research. Models such as COSO (2007) and regulations such as AS/NZS 4360 (1999) and ISO 31000 (2009) have already been developed for Enterprise Risk Management; however, in these models much attention has been given to the steps that must be developed for a complete management without clearly associating the tools and concepts that must be used in each step, and there is also a focus restricted to the quantitative aspects, while there is difficulty in the assessment of risks classified as qualitative. Therefore, this research aims at presenting the construction of a Conceptual Model for Enterprise Risk Management, validated by means of a Field Study in two companies that employ the ERM process in a relatively structured form. This resulted in a Preliminary Model, whose main objective is to create a set of partial and global indicators that aid managers in controlling risks to which their businesses are exposed, allowing for a comparison between different Business Units (BU) in a same organization. The Preliminary Model is supported by a control matrix structure and is composed of six stages: (i) Structuring and Planning – focused on organizing the Risk Management process in the company, (ii) Risk Context – whose objective is to identify and rank the risks to which the BUs are exposed; (iii) Risk Exposure Level – aims to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the risks prioritized at the previous stage, attempting to calculate the proposed risk indicators, generating the risk level (RL) of each BU; (iv) Intended risk level – this stage aims to identify the level of tolerance to risk intended by the company, having the intention of aligning the calculated RL to what the organization tolerates; (v) Treat the risks – stage in which the critical risks are identified and contingency measures are proposed for the reduction of the RL of each BU assessed; and (vi) Risk monitoring – stage of constant risk management, in which control responsibilities are defined in regards to a horizontal risk monitoring, comparing the different BUs of the organization. This Preliminary Model was applied in a large-sized company in the construction industry, and its two BUs were assessed. During the application, the six stages were carried out, and it was possible to calculate the risk level of each BU, to define the contingency measures for the most critical risks, and to structure a formal control process aligned with the expectations of the organization. Finally, a final model was generated, called MIGGRI – Modelo para Identificação e Gerenciamento do Grau de Risco de Empresas (Model for the Management and Identification of Risk Level in Enterprises), with some alterations due to the practical application, concluding that the model developed fills the gaps identified in the literature on Risk Management, thus contributing to this arising field of research.
47

Risk Management Strategies for Sustainable Rental Real Estate Profitability

Fusch, Christina 01 January 2019 (has links)
Some rental property owners lack risk management strategies that enable them to budget for sustainable profitability. This study provides rental property owners with risk management strategies for sustainable profitability to maintain business stability during market volatility and create stable, well-maintained housing for tenants. A mini ethnographic case study was conducted to determine the key risk management budgeting strategies rental property owners in the greater Seattle area have used to achieve sustainable profitability for at least 10 years. Enterprise risk management was applied to assess the role risk played in small rental property businesses and budgeting for sustainable profitability. Participant observation, interviews, and document review were conducted with rental property owners who had achieved sustainable profitability for at least 10 years. Data analysis software was leveraged to code the data and identify 4 key risk management budgeting strategies that contributed to sustainable profitability. The rental property owners included these 4 risk management budgeting strategies into their business: incorporating risk identification, response, and monitoring into firm strategy; cultivating a risk management network that effectively enabled them to mitigate risk; risk response to industry regulations; and creating a positive social change impact. Building on the results, 4 models of risk management budgeting were created for rental property owners searching for strategies to achieve sustainable profitability. The rental property owners in the study applied these 4 risk management budgeting strategies to achieve sustainable profitability and contribute to positive social change such as improving the well-being of tenants and communities.
48

Enterprise Risk Management : insights on emerging risks from the German banking sector

Nöth-Zahn, Stephanie January 2017 (has links)
IT innovations have reshaped banking and will continue to do so. They are a manifestation of indispensable progress, yet risks emerge from IT innovations. Historic data and accounts of emerging risk experiences are rather scarce. Hence, they present a special challenge to risk management as they are hard to identify. Moreover, traditional risk management practices, relying on historic data, may not be fully adequate. What solutions can be offered by risk management to manage these risks? When is an uncertainty understood as an emerging risk? Who needs to be involved in the risk management process?The research asks the seemingly obvious question, yet this important topic has been regularly neglected in academics as well as in practice. Both literature and theoretical basis have only recently developed so as of yet there is little availability of varying viewpoints and reliable theories. 70% of the banks interviewed do notactively consider emerging risks in their risk management process. The banks take a reluctant position in general, waiting to see how things develop. Only three banks have a proactive approach and manage emerging risks from IT innovation in using an enterprise-wide approach such as Enterprise Risk Management (ERM).Therefore, this work develops a conceptual framework which aims to fill the research gap between ERM as an approach to holistic portfolio risk management and the lack of academic and practical work on emerging risks. The conceptual framework explores how banks can apply ERM to manage emerging risks in the future. Researching this topical phenomenon, extending today's common application and understanding of emerging risks and ERM in practice and academia is one of the most challenging tasks confronting future risk management (Bromiley et al., 2015).To the author's knowledge, this project is one of the first to take this challenge.
49

Análise do impacto corporativo de riscos a partir de um modelo de gestão de riscos orientado a ambientes inovadores

Etges, Ana Paula Beck da Silva January 2015 (has links)
Empresas orientadas à inovação são submetidas a inúmeras incertezas e riscos. Porém, modelos de Gestão de Riscos que mensurem resultados econômicos e financeiros em ambientes inovadores ainda são escassos na literatura e no âmbito prático. Influenciada por esse contexto, esta dissertação propõe, testa e valida um modelo de Gestão de Riscos em processos de inovação que permite mensurar indicadores econômicos de impacto de riscos. A partir destes, discute-se o efeito dos riscos identificados a partir do processo de inovação na gestão corporativa da empresa. Para isso, estruturou-se a pesquisa em três etapas: (i) identificação dos principais eventos de risco inerentes ao ambiente inovativo, através de uma Revisão Sistemática da literatura, seguida de uma pesquisa empírica com empresas de Parques Tecnológicos brasileiros; (ii) proposição de modelo protótipo de Gestão de Riscos orientado a processos inovadores elaborado a partir das principais técnicas de análise e identificação de risco utilizadas em processos de inovação, identificadas através de Revisão Sistemática da literatura; e (iii) teste e validação do modelo protótipo em um ambiente real através da realização de um Estudo de Caso em uma empresa com estratégia inovadora instalada em um Parque Tecnológico brasileiro, permitindo a discussão do impacto corporativo dos riscos analisados a partir do processo de inovação. Entre as ferramentas que embasam o modelo, destaca-se o uso da análise probabilística de riscos, através da Simulação de Monte Carlo, relacionada ao custo do processo de inovação, calculado a partir do método ABC de custeio. Entre as principais contribuições acadêmicas deste trabalho tem-se: a sugestão de um indicador econômico, traduzido através do Value at Risk, para o processo de inovação em uma empresa, o que ainda é escasso na literatura; e a consolidação dos principais eventos de risco inerentes ao ambiente inovativo. No que diz respeito à contribuição ao meio prático, o modelo proposto indica ferramentas modulares e sequenciais para que empresários possam replicá-lo em diferentes situações. / Companies with innovation-oriented strategy are subject to uncertainties and risks, which lack the management practices for the use of quantitative indicators and especially in currency format. In this sense, risk management models that measure economic and financial results in innovative environments are still scarce in the literature and the practical field. Influenced by this context, this work proposes, tests and validates a risk management model oriented to innovation processes that allows us to measure economic indicators of risk impact. From these, is discussed the effect that the risks identified from the innovation process refer to the corporate management of the company. To achieve this result, structured the analysis in three steps: (i) identification of major risk events that are tangent innovative environment through a systematic literature review, followed by a survey of Brazilian Technology Parks companies; (ii) search for the main techniques of analysis and identification of risk used in innovation processes, from a systematic literature review and prototype model proposition risk management oriented innovative processes; and (iii) testing and validation of the prototype model in a real environment with innovative strategy -company installed in a Brazilian-Technology Park, by conducting a Case Study, allowing discussion of the business impact that the risks analyzed from the process innovation refer. Among the tools that support the model, there is the use of probabilistic risk analysis through Monte Carlo simulation related to the cost of the innovation process, calculated from the implementation of Activity-based Costing method. Contributes academically by the suggestion of an economic indicator, translated through the Value at Risk, to the process of innovation in a company, which is still scarce in the literature. With regard to the contribution to the practical environment, the model indicates sequential modules and tools for businesses it can replicate in different environments.
50

Modelo para Identificação e Gerenciamento do Grau de Risco de Empresas - MIGGRI

Souza, Joana Siqueira de January 2011 (has links)
A Gestão de Riscos tem sido uma problemática bastante discutida nos últimos tempos. A necessidade de identificar, medir e controlar o grau de risco nas empresas tem aumentado na medida em que aumentam também as incertezas que circundam as organizações. Entretanto, a gestão de riscos tem sido muito discutida no ambiente de projetos, quando se busca avaliar os riscos associados a um projeto de investimento. Porém, apesar desta informação ser importante e necessária, atualmente se faz necessário ampliar as informações de risco, buscando identificar os riscos que afetam a empresa como um todo, focando em seus diferentes tipos de negócio. Neste contexto surge a Gestão de Riscos Corporativos (ou Enterprise Risk Management – ERM), metodologia que busca identificar, medir e controlar riscos de negócio e é o tema desta pesquisa. Para a Gestão de Riscos Corporativos já foram desenvolvidos modelos como o COSO (2007) e normas como a AS/NZS 4360 (1999) e a NBR ISO 31000 (2009), porém nestes modelos muita atenção é dada às etapas a serem desenvolvidas para uma gestão completa, sem associar claramente as ferramentas e conceitos que devem ser usados em cada etapa, bem como há um foco restrito aos aspectos quantitativos, havendo dificuldade para o tratamento de riscos classificados como qualitativos. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta a construção de um Modelo Conceitual para Gestão de Riscos Corporativos, o qual foi validado através de um Estudo de Campo em duas empresas que possuem o processo de ERM relativamente estruturado. Como resultado gerouse um Modelo Preliminar, cujo principal objetivo é criar um conjunto de indicadores parciais e global que auxiliem os gestores a controlar os riscos aos quais seus negócios estão expostos, permitindo a comparação entre diferentes Unidades de Negócio (UN) de uma mesma organização. O Modelo Preliminar está apoiado em uma estrutura matricial de controle e é composto por seis fases: (i) Estruturação e Planejamento – focada em organizar o processo de Gestão de Riscos na empresa; (ii) Contexto de risco – cujo objetivo é identificar e ranquear os riscos aos quais as UNs estão expostas; (iii) Grau de exposição ao risco – fase que visa avaliar quanti e qualitativamente os riscos priorizados na fase anterior, buscando calcular os indicadores de riscos propostos, gerando o Grau de Risco de cada UN; (iv) Grau desejado de exposição ao risco – fase que busca identificar o grau de tolerância ao risco desejado pela empresa, com intuito de alinhar o grau de exposição calculado ao tolerado pela organização; (v) Tratamento dos riscos – fase onde os riscos críticos são identificados e ações de contingência são propostas para o ajuste do Grau de Risco em cada UN avaliada; e (vi) Monitoramento dos riscos – fase de gerenciamento contínuo dos riscos, onde responsabilidades de controle são definidas, visando um monitoramento horizontal dos riscos, comparando as diferentes UNs da organização. Este Modelo Preliminar foi aplicado em uma empresa de grande porte do setor de construção civil, sendo avaliadas suas duas UNs. Durante a aplicação, todas as seis fases foram realizadas, sendo possível calcular o Grau de Risco de cada UN, definindo ações contingenciais para os riscos mais críticos, estruturando um processo de controle formal e alinhado às expectativas da organização. Por fim, foi gerado um modelo final, chamado MIGGRI – Modelo para Identificação e Gerenciamento do Grau de Risco de Empresas, com algumas modificações realizadas devido à aplicação prática, concluindo-se que o modelo desenvolvido preenche as lacunas identificadas na literatura sobre Gestão de Riscos, contribuindo para esta ascendente área de pesquisa. / Recently, Risk Management issues have been widely discussed. There is an increasing need to identify, measure and control the levels of risk within enterprises as the levels of uncertainty that surround them also rise. Risk management, however, is commonly discussed at the level of projects, when the aim is to assess the risks associated with an investment project. Notwithstanding the importance and necessity of such information, nowadays it is necessary to expand the information on risks, attempting to identify the risks that affect the enterprise as a whole, focusing on its different types of business. In this context there arises the concept of Enterprise Risk Management – ERM, methodology whose objective is to identify, measure and control business risks and which is the central theme of the present research. Models such as COSO (2007) and regulations such as AS/NZS 4360 (1999) and ISO 31000 (2009) have already been developed for Enterprise Risk Management; however, in these models much attention has been given to the steps that must be developed for a complete management without clearly associating the tools and concepts that must be used in each step, and there is also a focus restricted to the quantitative aspects, while there is difficulty in the assessment of risks classified as qualitative. Therefore, this research aims at presenting the construction of a Conceptual Model for Enterprise Risk Management, validated by means of a Field Study in two companies that employ the ERM process in a relatively structured form. This resulted in a Preliminary Model, whose main objective is to create a set of partial and global indicators that aid managers in controlling risks to which their businesses are exposed, allowing for a comparison between different Business Units (BU) in a same organization. The Preliminary Model is supported by a control matrix structure and is composed of six stages: (i) Structuring and Planning – focused on organizing the Risk Management process in the company, (ii) Risk Context – whose objective is to identify and rank the risks to which the BUs are exposed; (iii) Risk Exposure Level – aims to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the risks prioritized at the previous stage, attempting to calculate the proposed risk indicators, generating the risk level (RL) of each BU; (iv) Intended risk level – this stage aims to identify the level of tolerance to risk intended by the company, having the intention of aligning the calculated RL to what the organization tolerates; (v) Treat the risks – stage in which the critical risks are identified and contingency measures are proposed for the reduction of the RL of each BU assessed; and (vi) Risk monitoring – stage of constant risk management, in which control responsibilities are defined in regards to a horizontal risk monitoring, comparing the different BUs of the organization. This Preliminary Model was applied in a large-sized company in the construction industry, and its two BUs were assessed. During the application, the six stages were carried out, and it was possible to calculate the risk level of each BU, to define the contingency measures for the most critical risks, and to structure a formal control process aligned with the expectations of the organization. Finally, a final model was generated, called MIGGRI – Modelo para Identificação e Gerenciamento do Grau de Risco de Empresas (Model for the Management and Identification of Risk Level in Enterprises), with some alterations due to the practical application, concluding that the model developed fills the gaps identified in the literature on Risk Management, thus contributing to this arising field of research.

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