This thesis analyses the consistency of WTO law with international environmental law and general international law in the field of trade and environment. GATT obligations require trade measures to comply with national treatment (Article III) and most –favoured nation treatment (Article I) and to prohibit import and export restrictions (Article XI). GATT exceptions permit measures to protect human, animal or plant life or health (Article XX(b)) and to conserve exhaustible natural resources (Article XX(g). This thesis analyses the consistency of unilateral and multilateral environmental measures with these GATT obligations and exceptions. It argues that the Article XX exceptions should be interpreted according to the proximity of interest between the country using trade restrictions and the environmental problem. It argues further that Article XX should be interpreted in accordance with customary international law regarding sovereign equality, non-intervention and the doctrine of necessity. Applying the principle of sovereign equality to WTO rights, this thesis proposes that WTO provisions be designed and interpreted to compensate for the economic inequality of WTO members in order to ensure equal access to WTO rights. Moreover, the principle of non-intervention should be applied in the WTO context to prohibit economic coercion. Unilateral environmental trade restrictions fail both tests. They use economic coercion to intervene in the internal affairs of sovereign States and are available in practice only to countries with significant market power. However, the doctrine of necessity may be invoked to excuse the non-observance of WTO and other international obligations to permit the use of trade restrictions to address urgent environmental problems with which the enacting country has a jurisdictional nexus.

Thesis (M. Ed)--University of Technology, Sydney, 2006.

Thesis (LL. M.)--Judge Advocate General's School, United States Army, 1990. / "April 1990." Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-181). Also issued in microfiche.

Thesis (LL.M.). / Written for the Faculty of Law, [Institute of Comparative Law]. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/07/24). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D.C.L.). / Written for the Institute of Comparative Law. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/08/04). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Potsdam, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004. / Title from title screen (viewed 14 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Adviser: Michael Dreiling. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborg University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-44).