Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A hipótese de doutoramento aqui proposta consiste na necessidade teórica de repensar o conceito de irresponsabilidade organizada, oriundo da obra do sociólogo alemão Ulrich Beck, a partir da realidade do Município de Teresópolis, localizado na Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, cenário de uma tragédia ocorrida em janeiro de 2011. Serão ainda considerados os debates envolvendo a revogação do segundo Código Florestal pela Lei 12.651/2012, especialmente os relativos às áreas de preservação permanente nos topos de morro, faixas marginais de proteção e encostas com declividade superior a 45 graus. A hipótese da presente tese é que o conceito de irresponsabilidade organizada seja repensado diante da necessidade de explicar a organização jurídica de riscos reconhecidos a partir de processos políticos. Inclui-se na hipótese a análise de situações nas quais, mesmo ante a existência de normas jurídicas validamente editadas e aplicáveis, persiste a omissão na gerência dos riscos por elas disciplinados. A pesquisa trabalhará com a análise crítica da teoria da sociedade de risco e do conceito em questão, considerando estudos, relatórios e demais documentos referentes à tragédia teresopolitana e à edição da atual legislação florestal. / The hypothesis proposed in this doctoral research is the need to rethink the concept of organized irresponsibility, derived from the work of the german sociologist Ulrich Beck, on the grounds of the reality of the city of Teresópolis, located in the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where a tragedy occurred in January 2011. It will also consider the discussions involving the repeal of the Brazilian Second Forest Code by the law 12.651/2012, particularly those concerning the so called permanent preservation areas on the tops of hills, river bands and slopes with an inclination angle higher than 45 degrees. The hypothesis of this thesis is that organized irresponsibility should be reconsidered, given the need to explain the legal organization of recognized risks by political processes. Includes, also, the analysis of situations in which, even on the existence of legal rules validly issued and enforceable, persists the omission in the management of disciplined risks. This research, with a critical analysis of the theory of the risk society and the concept mentioned above, considers studies, reports and other documents relating to the local tragedy and the current forest legislation.

Chapter one offers an introduction and a general outline of argument. Chapter two lays out the current scholarship on human rights and the environment and presents rejoinders to three prominent lines of objection to linking human rights and environmental interests: conceptual, those arising from issues of recognition, vagueness and conflicts between human rights, ecological, especially from those seeking protections for the environment regardless of its utility to humans, and those wishing to expand human rights beyond human interests, and adjudication concerns, namely from those sceptical that the polycentric nature of environmental issues create an insurmountable barrier to any significant improvements through judicially enforced human rights. Chapter three introduces and defends the environmental minimum as a normative framework for systematically conceptualizing the relationship between human rights and the environment. As such, it is chiefly concerned with ensuring a good faith regulatory engagement with environmental pollution: specific risks to recognised human rights trigger the environmental minimum, which then provides minimum standards (legal, established and emerging) that set the standard of review for determining whether a violation of human rights has occurred. Chapter four deals with the crucial empirical argument, outlining how the framework can systematically account for and consistently guide the further development of the case law under the European Convention on Human Rights. This conclusion rests on a comprehensive analysis of the environmental case law since 1950 using quantitative methods to expose doctrinal patterns previously not recognized in legal scholarship. Finally, chapter five explores and evaluates the potential benefits of the environmental minimum framework beyond human rights adjudication. Specifically, it investigates benefits to the varied fields of public law, regulatory policy, International Environmental Law, constitutionalism, and other international human rights treaties.

A crise ambiental obteve maior atenção a partir da segunda metade do século XX, quando a situação se agravou após um período de grandes guerras e a posterior reconstrução estrutural e econômica da Europa. O Brasil busca se adequar, ainda que mais formalmente que de forma efetiva, a esta discussão, buscando compatibilizar, em um país ainda em desenvolvimento, o crescimento econômico a preservação de seus biomas naturais. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar o impacto que a Zona Franca de Manaus apresenta no Bioma amazônico no Estado do Amazonas, estado onde foi implementada, comparando o ao estado do Pará, estado que apresenta semelhanças populacionais, políticas, geográficas e ambientais, porém não tem um Polo Industrial de dimensões da Zona Franca. O trabalho foi realizado através do método caracterizado como descritivo e explicativo sob as ferramentas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental com os objetivos específicos de buscar analisar os fundamentos da discussão sobre a crise ambiental agravada no século XX observando a situação do Brasil contemporâneo, que busca a compatibilização do crescimento econômico com as problemáticas da sustentabilidade, e como esta perspectiva se apresenta dentro dos fundamentos econômicos que norteiam os polos de crescimento de acordo com a Théorie des Pôles de Croissance do economista François Perroux, que engloba não apenas o crescimento econômico como também a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, e, a partir desta perspectiva, como, através do estudo de caso e análise de dados estatísticos, o Polo Industrial de Manaus vem impactando no bioma da região. / The environmental crisis got more attention from the second half of the twentieth century, when the situation worsened after a period of world wars and subsequent structural and economic reconstruction of Europe. Brazil tries to adapt, even more formally than effectively, to this discussion, seeking to reconcile, in a still developing country, economic growth and the preservation of it natural biomes. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of the Free Zone of Manaus on the Amazon Biome in the State of Amazonas, where it was implemented, comparing it to the state of Pará, a state that presents population, political, geographic and environmental similarities, But does not have an Industrial Pole of Free Zone dimensions. The work was carried out through the method described as descriptive and explanatory under the tools of bibliographical research, documentary with the specific objectives of seeking to analyze the foundations of the discussion on the environmental crisis aggravated in the twentieth century observing the situation of contemporary Brazil, which tries the compatibilization Of economic growth with the problems of sustainability, and how this perspective presents itself within the economic foundations that guide the poles of growth according to the "Théorie des Pôles de Croissance" by the economist François Perroux, which encompasses not only economic growth but also the improvement of the quality of life of the population, and, from this perspective, how, through the case study and analysis of statistical data, the Industrial Pole of Manaus has impacted on the biome of the region.

abstract: Amsonia kearneyana is an endangered herbaceous plant endemic to a small area of the Baboquivari Mountains in southern Arizona. It exists in two distinct habitat types: 1) along the banks of a lower elevation ephemeral stream in a xeroriparian community, and 2) a higher elevation Madrean oak woodland on steep mountain slopes. Half of the largest known montane population (Upper Brown Canyon) was burned in a large fire in 2009 raising questions of the species capacity to recover after fire. This research sought to understand how the effects of fire will impact A. kearneyana's ability to recruit and survive in the burned versus unburned areas and in the montane versus xeroriparian habitat. I compared population size, abiotic habitat characteristics, leaf traits, plant size, and reproductive output for plants in each habitat area for three years. Plants in the more shaded unburned montane area, the most populated population, presented with the most clonal establishment but produced the least amount of seeds per plant. The unshaded burned area produced more seeds per plant than in the unburned area. Lower Brown Canyon, the xeroriparian area, had the fewest plants, but produced the most seeds per plant while experiencing higher soil temperature, soil moisture, photosynthetically active radiation, and canopy cover than the montane plants. This could indicate conditions in Lower Brown Canyon are more favorable for seed production. Despite ample seed production, recruitment is rare in wild plants. This study establishes germination requirements testing soil type, seed burial depth, temperature regimes, and shade treatments. Trials indicate that A. kearneyana can germinate and grow in varied light levels, and that soil type and seed burial depth are better predictors of growth than the degree of shade. Finally, this study examined the law, regulation, policy, and physiological risks and benefits of a new management strategy and suggests that "conservation by dissemination" is appropriate for A. kearneyana. Conservation by dissemination is the idea that a protected plant species can be conserved by allowing and promoting the propagation and sale of plants in the commercial market with contingent collection of data on the fate of the sold individuals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Plant Biology 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:12:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_tmfp_me_fran.pdf: 701169 bytes, checksum: b531c021c3f78a9a99f0b9382c89a378 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com efeito, os temas pertinentes ao Meio Ambiente são inesgotáveis e de impressionante atualidade, posto que o desequilíbrio ambiental acentua-se a cada dia que passa em um cenário complexo típico de uma sociedade tecnológica e científica em construção, ameaçando sobremaneira a qualidade de vida humana, senão a sua própria sobrevivência. Nesse modo de ver, a questão preliminar, ao abordar o tema proposto, refere-se à necessidade da sociedade global proteger juridicamente o Meio Ambiente em sua totalidade. Como conseqüência, constata-se que o campo de estudo do Direito Ambiental vem crescendo e se sofisticando com novos princípios e institutos, cedendo espaço para todos os elementos integrantes dos sistemas ecológicos, inclusive o humano. Aliás, possivelmente, a mais importante característica do Direito Ambiental é a de que seus princípios e normas possuem nítido caráter humanista do imperativo ético da dignidade da pessoa humana. A esse respeito, visando-se a promover um novo olhar sobre o Meio Ambiente é que caminha a presente dissertação de mestrado, ordenando reflexões dedutivas e históricas sobre o tema em sua inerente amplitude, integrando-se os conhecimentos da Ciência Ecológica, do Direito Ambiental e da Ética em torno de um conjunto de problemas e limitações humanas para que o maior bem estar possam vir a ser atingido por todos. De outra parte, torna-se igualmente importante à proteção do Meio Ambiente através do processo educativo. A Educação Ambiental deve ser promovida em todos os níveis de ensino, fato este disposto no artigo 225, parágrafo 1º, inciso VI da Constituição Federal, porquanto é necessário educar e conscientizar a coletividade quanto à efetiva gravidade da degradação ambiental mundial. Aliás, a oportunidade trazida pela Educação Ambiental e seu conseqüente... / Indeed, issues related to the Environment are endless and incredibly up to date, regarding the fact that environmental imbalance gets bigger day after day in a complex scene which is typical of a technological and scientific society that is being formed, threatening the quality of human life, not to mention its own survival. From that viewpoint, the preliminary issue, when approaching the proposed topic, refers to global society s need to juridically protect the Environment as a whole. As a consequence, it s been noticed that the field of study of Environmental Law has been growing and becoming more and more sophisticated with new principles and institutes; making room for every component of ecological systems, including the human one. Possibly, Environmental Law s most important characteristic is that its principles and rules have a sharp humanistic character of the ethic imperative of human dignity. With that respect, aiming at promoting a different look over the environment is the objective of this very master s degree essay, with deductive and historic reflection on the theme in its inherent amplitude, integrating knowledge of Ecological Science, Environmental Law, and Ethics related to a group of human problems and limitations so that all people are able to achieve major well being. Besides, it s equally important to protect the Environment through educational processes. Environmental Education must be implemented in each and every level of education, as stated on the Federal Constitution 225(1)(6), for it s necessary to teach and make people fully aware of the effective seriousness of worlwide environmental degradation. By the way, the opportunity brought about by Environmental Education and its subsequent ethic awakening may indicate the beginning of a new era of cooperation among nations and peoples, looking forward to new inspirations that contact with Nature and with humanistic idea...(Complete abstract click access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:12:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_rs_me_rcla.pdf: 3496276 bytes, checksum: f72aafe952d8f74c7c45c35415b48350 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This dissertation is the result of a research of qualitative nature, in its study of case approach, that aimed to analyze the possible contributions to the political-pedagogic practices of environmental NGOs when incorporate elements of Environmental Law. It has as unity of analysis a program of mobilization and monitor work about the quality of Tiete River s water, developed by an environmental NGO with the participation of several social actors. The analysis was accomplished since the collected datum in the interviews, in the remarks and documents. It was verified that the incorporation of the Environmental Law in the program in question materializes by different means and that necessarily do not exclude themselves. These means are moments that the environmental juridical field but this it makes present as environmental laws, but that as explanation of concepts and courses, but, still, as an instrument for the solution of social- -environmental conflicts. Regarding to the characteristics that the political-pedagogic practices of Environmental Education acquires when they incorporate elements of Environmental Law, it was verified that this issue is intrinsically related to the degree of interface of the environmental juridical field in the regarded practices. Thus, if the interface is tenuous and moderate, merely annexing information, the informative character prevails, however, if this interface structure wider than the others ones, being the Environmental Law utilized as instrument of fronting the social- -environmental conflicts, the politics dimension emerges, becoming itself the main characteristic of these practices, justifying them as political- -pedagogic practices. The result obtained with the research demonstrated that the incorporation of the Environmental Law by Environmental Education is as possible as necessary because it becomes a concrete perspective of aggregation with a greater consistency.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1190056 bytes, checksum: 4b75e2b802d70b78d1b769a826bcae41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the work under discussion , we seek an intersection between the law, the environment and society. To study the human factors, their origins and impacts for sociodesenvolvimento a historical, pragmatic and deductive - use of secondary sources or search indirect approach is taken. The research is directed to establish possible questioning and critical analysis on the adverse environmental phenomena , sustainable development, semiarid, savanna, society, economy, politics, culture and climate change. Think the complexity of this issue, its indivisibility, its assumptions and possible alternatives to prevent environmental injustices is the core of this dissertation. The method of administration and forms of exploitation are being planned as normative specific regulations, public policies and conduct of the consolidation process of environmental citizenship in Brazil have been distorted, reaching strengthen systemic environmental crisis. Thus, a legal analysis of the environmental implications of extreme weather events, including desertification, with fulcrum in achieving sustainable development is taken. As environmental law behaves in the face of this environmental degradation , human and deterioration of natural and energy resources, mitigating the effects of human activities. Indicators of socioeconomic levels and savanna biome are revealed alarming as the destruction of fauna and flora, quality of life and set that promotes the maintenance of life and keeping people in the semi-arid northeast. In this context, the implications on the legal perspective as a result of this unsustainability and complex crisis that affects contemporary civilization are intertwined and depend on integrated responses. / No trabalho em comento, busca-se uma intersecção entre o direito, o meio ambiente e a sociedade. Para estudar os fatores antrópicos, suas origens e impactos para o sociodesenvolvimento é feita uma abordagem histórica, dedutiva-pragmática e utilização de fontes secundárias ou pesquisa indireta. A pesquisa é direcionada para estabelecer possíveis questionamentos e análise crítica sobre os fenômenos ambientais adversos, desenvolvimento sustentável, semiárido, caatinga, sociedade, economia, política, cultura e mudanças climáticas. Pensar a complexidade dessa temática, sua indivisibilidade, seus pressupostos e possíveis alternativas para obstar as injustiças ambientais é o cerne desta dissertação. O modo de gestão e as formas de instrumentalização como estão sendo planejados os regramentos normativos, as políticas públicas e a condução do processo de consolidação da cidadania ambiental no Brasil têm sido distorcida, chegando a fortalecer a crise ambiental sistêmica. Sendo assim, é feita uma análise jurídica das implicações socioambientais dos fenômenos climáticos extremos, dentre eles, a desertificação, com fulcro no alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Como o direito ambiental se comporta diante da presente degradação ambiental, humana e deterioração dos recursos naturais e energéticos, mitigando os efeitos das atividades humanas. Os indicadores dos níveis socioeconômico e do bioma caatinga se revelam alarmantes quanto à destruição da fauna e flora, qualidade de vida e conjunto que propicia a manutenção da vida e fixação do homem no semiárido nordestino. Nesse contexto, as implicações na ótica jurídica em consequência dessa insustentabilidade e complexa crise que atinge a civilização contemporânea estão interligadas e dependem de respostas integradas.

A responsabilidade civil é um dos institutos mais antigos do direito, sendo que seus antecedentes remontam a Roma Antiga. A responsabilidade civil foi inserida no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro em um primeiro momento em sua modalidade subjetiva, cujos elementos estavam fixados na ação ou omissão, na culpa, no dano e no nexo de causalidade. Com a intensificação dos processos industriais e a complexidade das relações entre indústrias e consumidores passou a ser vista sob a modalidade objetiva, em que bastava para responsabilizar o agente causador, a existência do dano e no nexo causal entre este a ação. A responsabilidade civil se aprimorou até passar a ser analisada sob o plano ambiental, impulsionada pelos grandes danos ambientais provocados pela indústria contra o meio ambiente. De modo que atualmente pode-se dizer que coexiste a responsabilidade civil objetiva com relação ao consumidor e ao meio ambiente, de maneira simultânea. O que é dano ao consumidor, também pode ser dano ao meio ambiente. Neste aspecto objetiva-se abordar a responsabilidade civil pós-consumo por parte dos fabricantes que a um só tempo agridem o meio ambiente e provocam danos à saúde e ao bem-estar do consumidor. Defende-se a necessidade da extensão da relação de consumo a partir da intervenção estatal nas relações privadas e coloca-se em teste o princípio da função social e ambiental deste contrato como forma de buscar a responsabilidade pós-consumo dos fabricantes. Todavia, necessária a existência de uma mudança na postura dos consumidores e de uma tomada de consciência por parte da indústria para fazer com que seja garantido o equilíbrio entre atividade econômica, meio ambiente e consumo, para passar a adotar a consciência socioambiental que revele o desenvolvimento sustentável e assegure a sadia qualidade de vida às presentes e futuras gerações. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T16:00:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mathias F Gewehr.pdf: 662865 bytes, checksum: 3f585cb8e3f7ae07ff32055d6ab4b573 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T16:00:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mathias F Gewehr.pdf: 662865 bytes, checksum: 3f585cb8e3f7ae07ff32055d6ab4b573 (MD5) / The civil liability is one of the justinian codes oldest of the law, being that its antecedents retrace Old Rome. The civil liability was inserted in the Brazilian legal system at a first moment in its subjective modality, whose elements were fixed in the action or omission, the guilt, the damage and the causal nexus. With the intensification of the industrial processes and the complexity of the relations between industries and consumers it passed to be seen under the objective modality, where it was enough to make responsible the causing agent, the existence of the damage and in the causal nexus enters this the action. The civil liability if improved until passing to be analyzed under the ambient plan, stimulated for the great ambient damages provoked by the industry against the environment. In way that currently can be said that the objective civil liability with regard to the consumer and to the environment coexists, in simultaneous way. What it is damage to the consumer, also can be damage to the environment. In this objective aspect to approach the civil liability after-consumption on the part of the manufacturers who to one time attack the environment and only provoke damages to the health and well-being of the consumer. It is defended necessity of the extension of the relation of consumption from the state intervention in the private relations and is placed in test the principle of the ambientsociofunction of this contract as form to search the responsibility after- consumption of the manufacturers. However necessary the existence of a change in the position of the consumers and of a taking of conscience on the part of the industry making with that the balance between economic activity, environment and consumption is guaranteed, to start to adopt the ambientsocioconscience that discloses the sustainable development and assures the healthy quality of life to the presents and futures generations.

No presente trabalho traça-se o perfil das decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça envolvendo a matéria de Direito Ambiental, primando pela análise mais detalhada a respeito da aplicabilidade dos princípios da prevenção, da precaução e do poluidor-pagador na solução do conflito submetido à apreciação do Poder Judiciário. Considerando a importância e relevância dos princípios dentro do ordenamento jurídico, a presente pesquisa abrange uma breve compreensão sobre o conceito de princípios e sobre os princípios de direito ambiental em particular, sendo examinados de forma pormenorizada cada um dos princípios selecionados como enfoque central para o estudo e exame de casos concretos. No estudo de casos busca-se ponderar sobre a influência dos princípios de direito ambiental da prevenção, da precaução e do poluidor-pagador nas decisões emanadas da Corte Suprema e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Cientes de que, diferentemente das normas cuja aplicabilidade depende da perfeita consonância entre o fato e o dispositivo legal, os princípios carregam em seu âmago a subjetividade, a generalidade e a universalidade como características de sua essência, e, por isso, encontram espaço na solução das mais diversas matérias. Urge, aqui, estreitar a análise relativa à ascendência dos princípios ambientais da prevenção, da precaução e do poluidor-pagador na resolução de lides judiciais que tratam do meio ambiente. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-15T13:41:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jefferson da Silva Varella.pdf: 1140623 bytes, checksum: ae618c075389a799bb84b333bbf36e6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-15T13:41:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jefferson da Silva Varella.pdf: 1140623 bytes, checksum: ae618c075389a799bb84b333bbf36e6f (MD5) / In this paper we draw the profile of the decisions of the Supreme Court and the Upper Court involving the field of environmental law, striving for more detailed analysis regarding the applicability of the principles of prevention, precaution and the polluter pays principle in conflict resolution submitted to the Judiciary. Considering the importance and relevance of the principles within the legal framework, this research covers a brief understanding about the concept of principles and the principles of environmental law in specific, is examined in detail each of the principles selected as a central focus for the study and test cases. In the case study seeks to examine the influence of environmental law principles of prevention, precaution and the polluter pays principle in the decisions of the Supreme Court and Upper Court. Aware that, unlike the standards whose applicability depends on the perfect line between fact and legal provision, the principles at its core subjectivity, generality and universality as characteristics of its essence, and therefore find space in the solution of the most several matters. It here, closer analysis of the descent of the environmental principles of prevention, precaution and the polluter pays principle in resolving judicial labors dealing with the environment.

O presente trabalho investiga se a sustentabilidade ambiental da região dos Campos de Cima da Serra do Rio Grande do Sul pode ser alcançada através do turismo rural, pois este é considerado como fator importante no processo cultural, econômico, social e principalmente da preservação do meio ambiente em comunidades. Dessa forma, o turismo rural torna-se uma alternativa para se obter o desenvolvimento sustentável, por conciliar a relação dicotômica entre preservação do meio ambiente e desenvolvimento. Assim, este trabalho propõe apresentar esta relação de preservação versus desenvolvimento, através do turismo rural que está sendo implementado na região estudada, por esta apresentar rica diversidade ambiental propiciando uma das mais belas paisagens do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-23T18:25:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Nara Beatriz Pereira Orci.pdf: 1337181 bytes, checksum: 78b4251483bbc9409692559c4586d947 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-23T18:25:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Nara Beatriz Pereira Orci.pdf: 1337181 bytes, checksum: 78b4251483bbc9409692559c4586d947 (MD5) / This study shows that the environmental sustainability of the region of Campos de Cima da Serra do Rio Grande do Sul can be achieved through rural tourism, as this is considered as an important factor in cultural, economic, social and especially the preservation of the environment in communities. Thus, rural tourism is becoming an alternative to achieve sustainable development by reconciling the dichotomous relationship between environmental preservation and development. Thus this work proposes to present the relationship of preservation versus development, through rural tourism that could be implemented in the region studied by the present environment providing a rich diversity of the most beautiful landscapes in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.