Environmental problems had intensified with the sedentarization of man and with the modification of the natural landscape or first nature with the emergence and implantation of cities. With the growth of cities also increased environmental problems within the urban environment. The currently standard of many cities is unsustainable due to various reasons such as lack of urban planning, pollution, garbage problem, the irregular housing, lack of sanitation, among many others that could be mentioned. With the emergence of these problems emerges also a constant concern with environmental issues and the preservation of nature. Environmental education arises as an alternative, in an attempt to mitigate the damage caused by man, and also to educate society to care for and preserve the environment, changing its posture with nature and with the use of natural resources, trying to live in a sustainable society. The main objective of this paper was evaluate, from the use of mind maps, how the students from 7th grade at State High School Padre Ângelo Bartelle in the city of Rosário do Sul RS, perceive urban environmental problems. These objectives were achieved by working with the concept of perception in the classroom, discussing the relationship between society and the consumption together with students, and linking it with existent global environmental problems. Afterwards, students confected mental maps which represented the main environmental problems of your living space. The mental maps of the students were analyzed with the aid of the phenomenological method and analysis methodology proposed by Kozel (2001). Based on the analysis of mental maps made by students, it was identified the main environmental issues raised by the students as being the most serious within your living space in the urban environment. Several environmental problems were pointed out by them, but the garbage was the main one. Therefore, it is required a deep Environmental Emancipatory Education work, facing this problem and resuming the pursuit of awareness not for just recycling, but also an attitude toward the consumption and to the search for alternatives that can transform the living space. Keywords: Environmental Problems, Perception, Mental Maps, Environmental Education / Os problemas ambientais intensificaram-se com a sedentarização do homem e com a modificação da paisagem natural ou primeira natureza com o surgimento e a implantação das cidades. Com o crescimento das cidades aumentaram também os problemas ambientais dentro do meio urbano. O padrão de grande parte das cidades hoje é insustentável devido a diversos motivos como a falta de planejamento urbano, a poluição, o problema do lixo, as moradias irregulares, a falta de saneamento básico, entre tantos outros que podem ser mencionados. Com o surgimento desses problemas emerge também uma preocupação constante com a questão ambiental e com a preservação da natureza. A Educação Ambiental surge como uma alternativa, na tentativa de se amenizar os danos causados pelo homem, e também de se educar a sociedade para como cuidar e preservar o meio ambiente, mudando a sua postura com a natureza e com o uso dos recursos naturais, tentando viver em sociedade de forma sustentável. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar, a partir do uso de mapas mentais, como os alunos da 7ª série da Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Padre Ângelo Bartelle no município de Rosário do Sul RS, percebem os problemas ambientais urbanos. Esses objetivos foram alcançados trabalhando com o conceito de percepção em sala de aula, discutindo as relações da sociedade com o consumo junto com os alunos, fazendo a ligação com os problemas ambientais globais existentes. Num segundo momento os alunos confeccionaram mapas mentais onde representaram os principais problemas ambientais do seu espaço vivido. Os mapas mentais dos alunos foram analisados com o auxílio do método fenomenológico e da metodologia de análise proposta por Kozel (2001). Com base na análise dos mapas mentais confeccionados pelos alunos, identificaram-se os principais problemas ambientais apontados pelos alunos como sendo os mais graves dentro do seu espaço vivido no meio urbano. Vários foram os problemas ambientais apontados por eles, mas o que foi o principal deles é o lixo. Exige-se assim um trabalho de Educação Ambiental Emancipatória mais profundo voltado para esse problema retomando a busca da conscientização não só para a reciclagem, mas também de uma postura em relação ao consumo e para a busca de alternativas que transformem o espaço vivido.

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AbstractBackground: Among the biggest threats to mankind are various environmental problems which have been mainly triggered by human interference with the planet. There have been various ineffective efforts to mitigate these detrimental effects. Therefore, another solution might come in the form of social enterprises tackling the aforesaid environmental problems. However, to increase the impact, they need to scale up. It is therefore of paramount importance to understand their major scale-up challenges as well as proposed solutions to scale up successfully. Along with that, we also scrutinize further scale-up opportunities to uncover the hidden potential of scaling up. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between social enterprises and their power to tackle environmental problems. We further build on what social enterprises tackling environmental problems must do to mitigate identified scale-up challenges successfully and to be able to seize any scale-up opportunity that comes their way with the main aim of scaling up their positive environmental impact.Method: Ontology – Relativism; Epistemology – Social Constructionism; Strategy –Qualitative, Exploratory; Approach – Inductive; Design – Grounded theory; Data Collection –10 semi-structured interviews; Sampling – Purposive, snowball; Data Analysis – Grounded AnalysisConclusion: Several factors hinder scaling up and solutions to those lie mainly in four key concepts i.e. business idea, value proposition, competency and collaboration. That has been presented in our proposed model (The Hot Air Balloon Model of Scaling Up). We believe that if these four key concepts are well addressed by SEEPs, they are likelier to overcome challenges as well as are in a better position to attract opportunities. Successful scale-up leads to better financial performance along with the overall objective of scaling up the positive environmental impact.

Many researchers argue that there is a demand for a new way of teaching and learning to better equip us for the value pluralistic society we are living in. Research has shown that teachers are reluctant to teach about value pluralistic subjects. This thesis aims to study how rural Mongolian teachers view the human-nature relationship in relation to the current situation in Mongolia, characterized by economic growth and environmental issues. Ethical perspectives are applied on the teachers’ views in order to bring structure to the different ways of viewing the human-nature relationship. The study shows that the teachers’ values change depending on if they look at their personal relationship to nature or put nature in relation to society. The results prove that even though personal values are complex it is possible to bring structure to how we understand them. The result provides an example of how complex value pluralistic issues can be structured in order to enable an understanding of them. Furthermore, the thesis suggests that ethical perspectives can be used in education for sustainable development when striving for a new way of teaching and learning.

Syftet med denna empiriska studie är att belysa hur 10 elever i årskurs fem uppfattar miljöproblem och framtiden. Studien har tillämpat den kvalitativa metoden fokusgrupper och klarlägger begreppet hållbar utveckling samt globala insatser inom hållbar utveckling.  Vidare har hållbar utveckling i läroplanen speciellt framhävts samt tidigare forskning om elevers uppfattningar kring hållbar utveckling, miljöproblem och framtiden. Resultatet visar att elever har kunskaper om olika slags miljöproblem. Dock är nedskräpning det mest diskuterade miljöproblemet. Eleverna hade olika uppfattningar kring framtiden.  Majoriteten av eleverna uppfattade en hemsk framtid med flertal olika skadliga konsekvenser. Ett fåtal elever hade bättre förväntningar kring framtiden och menade att världens länder kommer att samarbeta kring internationella lagar för en bättre framtid. Slutligen har eleverna diskuterat hur samhället borde arbeta för att skapa en hållbar planet. / The purpose of this empirical study is to illustrate how 10 students in grade five perceive environmental problems and the future. The study has applied the qualitative method focus groups and clarifies the concept of sustainable development and global initiatives in sustainable development. The study has also highlighted sustainable development in the Swedish curriculum along with previous research on students' perceptions about sustainable development, environmental problems and the future. The result indicates that the students have knowledge of various kinds of environmental problems. However, littering was the most discussed environmental problem by the students. The students perceived contrarily about the future. The majority of students perceived a horrible future with destructive consequences. A few students had better expectations about the future and believed that nations would cooperate on international laws for a greater future. Lastly, the students discussed how the society should work to create a sustainable planet.

High mercury levels in fish are one of the major environmental problems in Sweden. Mercury has many negative effects on human health with a specified limit found in the daughter directive (2008/105/EC). In accordance with the Water Management Act (SFS 2004:660), the chemical status of water bodies where mercury levels exceed limit values are deemed to be classified to have ‘poor status.' This study therefore aims to investigate possible links between water chemistry parameters and mercury levels in pike by collecting and compiling available data on mercury levels in fish. It also aims to find the relation between soil types in the lake's catchment area and the mercury concentration in pike. The study began with a literature review and a summary of results from previous studies with purpose of getting an understanding of results from previous studies as well as the laws and regulations related to mercury. Data concerning mercury levels in fish withinl 31lakes in Västmanland County, which were selected based on data availability. Comparisons were subsequently made between mercury levels in fish, the lake water’s chemistry and soil types in the area. Furthermore, the data collection showed that information about mercury levels in all lakes in the county of Västmanland is not complete and in many cases obsolete and no lakes in the county have mercury levels below the limit. That is, no lakes in the county are currently meeting the requirement and several lakes have concentrations of mercury in pike which exceed the limit for foodstuff. The statistical analysis of the chemical status showed a negative correlation between mercury concentration and alkalinity, and also a somewhat negative correlation between mercury concentration and pH levels which however was not significant. No effect of absorbance, oxygen, total carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found. The statistical analysis of soil property in the lake basins shows a positive correlation between the percentage prescribed in the catchment area and the concentration of mercury in fish and a negative correlation between the percentage of open land in the catchment area and the concentration of mercury.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo realizado em uma região com presença de muitas áreas irrigadas na Bacia do Ribeirão dos Cocais - Casa Branca/SP, em termos de avaliação de problemas ambientais e aspectos geológicos e geotécnicos. Para sua realização, em uma primeira etapa, foram identificadas e delimitadas as áreas irrigadas por pivô central e os reservatórios, seguida de uma avaliação temporal e espacial. Em seguida, foram realizados trabalhos de campo, com o objetivo de coletar amostras de solo e água para posteriores análises em laboratório. De modo geral, o estudo permitiu concluir que as áreas irrigadas têm seu comportamento em função de características geológicas e geotécnicas dos materiais geológicos, assim como o cálculo da lamina de água para irrigação depende destas propriedades. A bacia objeto do estudo apresenta diversos problemas ambientais como presença de metais no solo, nas águas superficiais e subterrâneas decorrentes do uso de fertilizantes junto da prática de irrigação, assim como problemas na dinâmica das águas superficiais devido a construção dos reservatórios, erosão, assoreamento, eutrofização, turbidez e alterações dos canais de drenagem. / This paper presents the results from a study accomplished in a region with many irrigated areas in the Ribeirão dos Cocais - Casa Branca/SP, in terms of environmental problem, geological and geotechnical aspectassessment. For its accomplishment, in a first step, the central pivot - irrigated areas and reservoirs were identified and delimited, followed by a temporal and spatial analysis. In addition, field work for collectinggeological material and water samples for further laboratory tests. In general, the study allowed to conclude that behavior of the irrigated areas is controlled by geological and geotechnical characteristics of the geological materials, as well as the calculation of water layer for irrigation depends on these properties. The basin object of this study presents several environmental problems such as the presence of metals in the soil, surface and ground waters arising from the use of fertilizers by the practice of irrigation, as well as problems in the dynamics of surface water due to the construction of reservoirs, erosion, siltation, turbidity, eutrophication of the reservoirs and drainage channels and changes of drainage channel characteristics.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-28T12:40:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EuricoBCN_DISSERT.pdf: 496690 bytes, checksum: 9efd6a0fd01d3387af78fdd547095be2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T12:40:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EuricoBCN_DISSERT.pdf: 496690 bytes, checksum: 9efd6a0fd01d3387af78fdd547095be2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In Mossoró, economic development generated many socio-environmental problems simultaneously. We are interested in knowing how this situation is faced by social and political segments in the municipality. The general objective of the research was to identify as Public Power, community leaders, and social representation of the environment related to the possibility of eradicating the environmental problems of the municipality. The specific objectives were to identify what kind of conception about environmental problems exist among residents of the municipality, to verify how the functions of environmental agencies in the municipality are performed, to verify how the interaction between environmental agencies of different spheres of power in the municipality is, Identify whether community leaders are experiencing difficulty in carrying out their functions, identify how community leaders interact with public authorities to address local environmental issues, check how community leaders articulate with residents to address environmental issues, and Community leaders are articulated to address local environmental issues. The research has a descriptive and explanatory approach, and the method used was qualitative. The procedures for data collection were interviews, questionnaires, and documentary analysis. Participants were collaborators representing SEMURB, the Environmental Education Secretariat, the Environmental Inspection Secretariat (SEMURB appendices), and IDEMA, both located in the city center. Also interviewed were leaders of the Community Council of Alto do São Manoel 01, Airport 02, and Belo Horizonte, Hipólito 01, São João da Várzea, and Barrinha; And the FIACMM, the representative of CUC, and FECEB, as well as 100 residents of the municipality. With the latter the questionnaires were applied. Interviews were conducted with Council leaders and representatives of IDEMA and SEMURB. The documentary analysis was done in consultation with sites of IDEMA, city hall, ANOREG, IBGE, and documents obtained. It has been shown that the IDEMA website is rich in information while the SEMURB website is not good enough. The social representation of environmental problems for many people in the municipality may be tied to the mechanical assimilation of information on the subject. The survey also revealed that public environmental management in Mossoró go through difficulties due to resource scarcity, but professionals do what they can. In relation to the community movement in Mossoró, the result of the research demonstrated that it is weakened on the one hand, because some Council leaders have become conniving with the Public Power beacons to weaken the movement in exchange for personal advantages. As a result, the population gives little support to the community movement for disbelief in the movement itself and in politics / Em Mossoró o desenvolvimento econômico gerou muitos problemas socioambientais simultaneamente. Nos interessamos em saber como essa situação é enfrentada por segmentos sociais e políticos no município. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar como Poder Público, líderes comunitários, e representação social do meio ambiente se relacionam com a possibilidade de erradicação dos problemas ambientais do município. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar que tipo de concepção sobre os problemas ambientais existe entre moradores do município, constatar de que maneira são desempenhadas as funções de órgãos ambientais no município, verificar como é a interação entre órgãos ambientais de diferentes esferas de poder no município, identificar se os órgãos pesquisados experimentam alguma dificuldade para conseguir desempenhar suas funções, identificar como os líderes comunitários interagem com o poder público para tratar dos problemas ambientais locais, verificar como os líderes comunitários se articulam com os moradores para tratar dos problemas ambientais, e constatar como líderes comunitários se articulam entre si para tratar dos problemas ambientais locais. A pesquisa tem enfoque descritivo e explicativo, e o método utilizado foi o qualitativo. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados foram entrevistas, questionários, e análise documental. Os participantes foram colaboradores representantes da SEMURB, da Secretaria de Educação Ambiental, da Secretaria de Fiscalização Ambiental (apêndices da SEMURB), e do IDEMA, ambos situados no centro da cidade. Também foram entrevistados líderes do Conselho Comunitário do Alto do São Manoel 01, do Aeroporto 02, e Belo Horizonte, Hipólito 01, São João da Várzea, e Barrinha; e ainda, o dirigente da FIACMM, o representante da CUC, e da FECEB, além de 100 moradores do município. Com estes últimos foram aplicados os questionários. As entrevistas foram feitas com os líderes de Conselho e representantes do IDEMA e SEMURB. A análise documental foi feita em consulta de sites do IDEMA, da prefeitura, da ANOREG, do IBGE, e de documentos obtidos. Ficou demonstrado que o site do IDEMA é rico em informações enquanto o da SEMURB deixa a desejar. A representação social dos problemas ambientais para muitas pessoas no município pode estar atrelada à assimilação mecânica de informações sobre o assunto. A pesquisa revelou ainda que a gestão pública ambiental em Mossoró passar dificuldades por escassez de recursos, mas os profissionais fazem o que podem. Em relação ao movimento comunitário em Mossoró, o resultado da pesquisa demonstrou que ele se encontra enfraquecido por um lado, porque alguns líderes de Conselho se tornaram coniventes com as balizas do Poder Público para enfraquecer o movimento em troca de vantagens pessoais. Em consequência, a população dá pouco apoio ao movimento comunitário por descrença no próprio movimento e na política / 2017-07-28

A problemática ambiental tem evoluído diante do acelerado avanço tecnológico que demanda cada vez mais recursos naturais. O avanço tecnológico aliado ao crescimento populacional e urbano tem levado ambientalistas a discutirem o futuro do Planeta, constatando-se que a demanda por espaços naturais é cada vez mais necessária, bem como sua capacidade em resistir às agressões ambientais. Diante dessa situação já verificada desde o século XIX, entende-se que amplos espaços verdes protegidos da ação humana, além de benéficos à saúde física e mental da população, preservam ecossistemas importantes para a manutenção da biodiversidade. Hoje, parques urbanos cada vez mais merecem destaque diante do reconhecimento de seus benefícios. Entender como a população se relaciona com estes espaços e qual sua percepção acerca dos mesmos tem sido uma estratégia importante na medida em que fornece elementos que possibilitam adequá-los às necessidades e expectativas das pessoas. No caso específico do Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau, localizado no município de Giruá - RS, entender como a população do entorno e freqüentadores se relacionam e o percebem contribui para compreender a relação da população com o Parque, bem como suas expectativas com relação a essa área verde. Para tanto, faz-se necessária a análise da percepção ambiental que a população possui do Parque, valorizando suas experiências pessoais e memórias apreendidas através do método fenomenológico para extrair de suas manifestações as opiniões pessoais, semelhanças, conflitos e controvérsias como expressão da sensibilidade dos atores sociais. Concluiu-se que o Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau é uma iniciativa importante para a conservação dos recursos naturais na cidade de Giruá, contudo ainda não atende todos os objetivos propostos no seu projeto de criação. Tal situação contribui para a percepção ambiental de muitos dos entrevistados que vêem o Parque como um local sem atrativos, embora tal percepção se contraponha àqueles que se relacionam de forma saudável com o Parque e possuem um sentimento topofílico bastante forte sentindose responsáveis por ele. / The evolution of the environmental problem facing the accelerated technological advancement which demands more and more natural resources associated to the increasing population and urban growth, have taken environmentalists to discuss the future of the planet and the demand for green areas is more necessary, as well as their capacity to resist to environmental aggressions. In the face of this situation which we have been experiencing since century XIX, it can be understood that large green areas protected from human intervention not only benefit human physical and mental health but also preserve important ecosystems which are imperative to preserve biodiversity. Currently, urban parks deserve an increasing distinction due to the recognition of its benefits. Understand how the population relate with these areas and what their perception about them have been an important strategy since it provides elements which make possible to adjust them to the needs and expectations of the people and, in this specific case, understand how the population of the surrounds and the attendees relate and perceive Elso Pilau Integrated Urban Park (Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau) in the city of Giruá, State of Rio Grande do Sul, contributes to understand the relation between the population and the park and the expectations for this green area. In order to do so, it is necessary to analyze the population’s environmental perception of the park, valuing their private experiences and memories apprehended by the phenomenological method to reach the population’s private opinions, similarities, conflicts, controversies as an expression of the social actors’ sensitivity. Finalizing, this study showed that Elso Pilau Integrated Urban Park (Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau) is an important initiative to preserve natural resources in Giruá, though it does not achieve all the goals which were proposed in the project yet. This situation contributes to the environmental perception from many interviewees, who see the Park as a place without attractions, although such perception countervails to those that relate with the Park and have a quite strong “topofílico” feeling, feeling responsible for it.

A problemática ambiental tem evoluído diante do acelerado avanço tecnológico que demanda cada vez mais recursos naturais. O avanço tecnológico aliado ao crescimento populacional e urbano tem levado ambientalistas a discutirem o futuro do Planeta, constatando-se que a demanda por espaços naturais é cada vez mais necessária, bem como sua capacidade em resistir às agressões ambientais. Diante dessa situação já verificada desde o século XIX, entende-se que amplos espaços verdes protegidos da ação humana, além de benéficos à saúde física e mental da população, preservam ecossistemas importantes para a manutenção da biodiversidade. Hoje, parques urbanos cada vez mais merecem destaque diante do reconhecimento de seus benefícios. Entender como a população se relaciona com estes espaços e qual sua percepção acerca dos mesmos tem sido uma estratégia importante na medida em que fornece elementos que possibilitam adequá-los às necessidades e expectativas das pessoas. No caso específico do Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau, localizado no município de Giruá - RS, entender como a população do entorno e freqüentadores se relacionam e o percebem contribui para compreender a relação da população com o Parque, bem como suas expectativas com relação a essa área verde. Para tanto, faz-se necessária a análise da percepção ambiental que a população possui do Parque, valorizando suas experiências pessoais e memórias apreendidas através do método fenomenológico para extrair de suas manifestações as opiniões pessoais, semelhanças, conflitos e controvérsias como expressão da sensibilidade dos atores sociais. Concluiu-se que o Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau é uma iniciativa importante para a conservação dos recursos naturais na cidade de Giruá, contudo ainda não atende todos os objetivos propostos no seu projeto de criação. Tal situação contribui para a percepção ambiental de muitos dos entrevistados que vêem o Parque como um local sem atrativos, embora tal percepção se contraponha àqueles que se relacionam de forma saudável com o Parque e possuem um sentimento topofílico bastante forte sentindose responsáveis por ele. / The evolution of the environmental problem facing the accelerated technological advancement which demands more and more natural resources associated to the increasing population and urban growth, have taken environmentalists to discuss the future of the planet and the demand for green areas is more necessary, as well as their capacity to resist to environmental aggressions. In the face of this situation which we have been experiencing since century XIX, it can be understood that large green areas protected from human intervention not only benefit human physical and mental health but also preserve important ecosystems which are imperative to preserve biodiversity. Currently, urban parks deserve an increasing distinction due to the recognition of its benefits. Understand how the population relate with these areas and what their perception about them have been an important strategy since it provides elements which make possible to adjust them to the needs and expectations of the people and, in this specific case, understand how the population of the surrounds and the attendees relate and perceive Elso Pilau Integrated Urban Park (Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau) in the city of Giruá, State of Rio Grande do Sul, contributes to understand the relation between the population and the park and the expectations for this green area. In order to do so, it is necessary to analyze the population’s environmental perception of the park, valuing their private experiences and memories apprehended by the phenomenological method to reach the population’s private opinions, similarities, conflicts, controversies as an expression of the social actors’ sensitivity. Finalizing, this study showed that Elso Pilau Integrated Urban Park (Parque Urbano Integrado Elso Pilau) is an important initiative to preserve natural resources in Giruá, though it does not achieve all the goals which were proposed in the project yet. This situation contributes to the environmental perception from many interviewees, who see the Park as a place without attractions, although such perception countervails to those that relate with the Park and have a quite strong “topofílico” feeling, feeling responsible for it.