The antimicrobial effects of cinnamon, clove and ginger (grand and fresh) extracts against Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Pichia fermentans were studied in this thesis. Selected spices were extracted in three solvents (ethanol, water and ethyl acetate) and inhibition effect on tested microorganisms was studied using two methods disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic compounds from spices were also determined. The results showed that cinnamon and clove extracts in ethyl acetate and ethanol were a promising antimicrobial substances for all tested microorganisms. Combination of cinnamon and clove especially ethyl acetate extracts showed an aditive effect. However, in the case of broth dilution method, fresh ginger inhibited bacterial growth under optimal growth conditions of Bacillus subtilis (35 °C, pH 7, 250 rpm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for all susceptible microorganisms was determined 8,3 mg/ml. The highest amounts of polyphenolic substances were found in cinnamon and clove ethanol extract and this result was in correlation with antioxidant activity.

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Keywords: ars moriendi, castrum doloris, early modern period, epitaphs, funeral essentials, funeral procession, funeral sermons, Prague, sepulcher essentials, tomb stones The thesis introduces a specific part of the cultural history of the early modern period - the funeral culture. Considering the extensiveness of thematter, the scope has been limited to the area of Prague, to the cultural sphere of secular nobility and to the time period between the years 1500 and 1700. Naturally, the timeframe is not and cannot be absolute given the nature of this subject matter, which is culture. In the introductory chapter, the paper seeks to clarify eschatology and religious conditions in the early modern period, depicting death and its grip in the 16th and 17th centuries. Each chapter is devoted to a specific phenomenon of the funeral culture, in the same order in which the succession should logically follow shortly before and after the death of an important person. As such, the thesis specifically discusses the doctrine of "good death" - so called ars moriendi, exhibitions of the body, the funeral procession, construction of the Castrum Doloris, funeral sermons, and provision of funeral monuments. At the conclusion, the thesis ventures into the geographically and religiously distant Duchy of Finland, which...

Resumé The official title of my thesis is Application for an appeal review on the points of law in civil procedure. The main objective of this thesis is to describe the development of an institute of an application for an appeal review throughout the legal history of the civil procedure in the area of the Czech Republic up to current state, with a particular focus on the conditions of admissibility of such application and its essentials. My thesis is composed of three chapters. The first chapter is to introduce the reader to the historical development of an application of an appeal review from the very beginning in the 18th century up to date. In particular, the landmark Constitutional Court decision (sp. zn. Pl. ÚS 29/11) is emphasized in the end of the chapter. The second chapter deals with the actual legislation of an application for an appeal review in The Code of Civil Procedure. Its main goal is to describe this institute as whole. It is also to provide the reader with further analysis of some controversial issues of the actual legislation as the conditions of admissibility of an application and its essentials required by the law. Finally, it manifests the attitude of the judiciary towards these problematic features of the actual legislation. The third chapter contains the brief explication about an...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sakabe_r_me_jabo.pdf: 484637 bytes, checksum: 524d3e07db3df0075ffd97b02ea8fc33 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação alimentar com ácidos graxos essenciais sobre o desempenho produtivo, variáveis hematológicas, acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos em lamínulas de vidro implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de tilápias. Foram distribuídos 300 peixes (69,86 ± 5,01 g) em 20 caixas (15 peixes/caixa), com capacidade para 310 L, abastecidas com água corrente, vazão de um litro/minuto e aeração suplementar. Os peixes foram submetidos a cinco dietas contendo 28% PD e 3200 Kcal ED/kg. Foram utilizadas duas fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais: óleo de soja (OS) e óleo de linhaça (OL) nas proporções de 100% OS, 75% OS + 25% OL, 50% OS + 50% OL, 25% OS + 75% OL e 100% OL, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Após 15 dias de aclimatação, os peixes receberam as dietas experimentais durante quatro meses, duas vezes ao dia, correspondente a 3,0% da biomassa. Mensalmente foi realizada biometria dos peixes para avaliar o desempenho produtivo. Após 120 dias, os animais foram submetidos ao implante das lamínulas no tecido subcutâneo para avaliação da resposta inflamatória e das variáveis hematológicas (número de eritrócitos, porcentagem de hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e volume globular médio) dois, quatro, seis e oito dias após o implante. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e hematológico. Quanto à cinética dos macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos por corpo estranho foi observado crescente acúmulo em função do tempo de implante entre os tratamentos, precocidade na formação de gigantócitos tipo Langhans para os peixes alimentados com 100% de óleo de linhaça ao sexto dia (P<O,OOO 1) enquanto que no oitavo dia houve a formação acentuada de gigantócitos tipo Langhans (P<O,OOO I) nas lamínulas implantadas nos peixes... / The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the alimentary supplementation with essentials fattys acids on the productive performance, variables hematologicals, accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells in coverslips of glass implanted in the subcutaneous connective tissue of tilapias. 300 fish were distributed (69,86±5.01 g) in 20 aquariums (15 fishes/aquarium), with capacity for 310 L, supplied with current water, f10w of one liter/minute and supplemental aeration. The fish was submitted the five diets contend 28% PD and 3200 Kcal ED/kg. Two acid sources of essentials fattys acids were used: soybean oil (OS) and linseed oil (OL) in the ratios of 100%, 75% + 25% OL, 50% + 50% OL, 25% + 75% OL and 100% OL, with four repetitions for treatment. After 15 days of acclimatization, the fish was received the experimental diets during four months, two times/day, correspondent 3.0% of the biomass. Monthly biometry of the fish was carried through to evaluate the productive performance. After 120 days, the animals were submitted to the imp1antation of coverslips in the subcutaneous connective tissue for eva1uation of the inf1ammatory response and hematologicals variables (number of erythrocytes, percentage of haematocrit, tax of hemoglobin and average corpuscular volume) two, four, six and eight days after the implantation. Significant difference was not observed (P>O,O5) between the treatments for the parameters of productive and hematological performance. All that to kinetic of the macrophages and the formation of giants cells for strange body increasing accumulation in function of the time of implantation between the treatments was observed, premature in the formation of giants cells Langhans type for fish fed with 100% of linseed oil to sixth day (P<O,OOO 1), while that in the eighth day it had the accented formation of giant cell Langhans type (P<O,OOO 1) in coverslips ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

The principal sensory modality employed in learning is vision, and that not only increases the difficulty for vision impaired students from accessing existing educational media but also the new and mostly visiocentric learning materials being offered through on-line delivery mechanisms. Using as a reference Certified Cisco Network Associate (CCNA) and IT Essentials courses, a study has been made of tools that can access such on-line systems and transcribe the materials into a form suitable for vision impaired learning. Modalities employed included haptic, tactile, audio and descriptive text. How such a multi-modal approach can achieve equivalent success for the vision impaired is demonstrated. However, the study also shows the limits of the current understanding of human perception, especially with respect to comprehending two and three dimensional objects and spaces when there is no recourse to vision.

[pt] Um dos desafios diários para professores é encontrar meios para motivar seus alunos a aprender Matemática. A fim de obter sucesso nesse processo, ler sobre experiências que tiveram resultados positivos sempre leva os professores a pensar que existe um caminho melhor a ser seguido. Este trabalho traz dois projetos que tiveram como objetivo principal despertar um maior interesse dos alunos em Matemática e foram aplicados em algumas salas de aula dos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental: a Olimpíada Interna de Matemática e a criação de uma nova disciplina, chamada Fundamentos, que busca fazer com que o aluno consiga perceber melhor as diferentes inteligências através de aulas elaboradas por uma equipe pedagógica e professores de Matemática em um colégio particular do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Além disso, traz uma pesquisa realizada com alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental que tiveram contato com um desses projetos em 2015 e 2016. Esta pesquisa mostra a percepção dos alunos sobre o trabalho realizado na disciplina criada, que tem como norteador do planejamento de conteúdos o desenvolvimento das inteligências múltiplas. Nesta nova disciplina, os alunos são apresentados a diferentes tipos de problemas que envolvem raciocínio lógico, interpretação de texto, percepção espacial e outras habilidades que são agregadas ao currículo dos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental para desenvolver melhor o desempenho dos alunos na vida escolar. / [en] One of the daily challenges for teachers is to find ways to motivate their students to learn math. In order to succeed in this process, reading about experiences that have had positive results always leads teachers to think that there is a better way to be followed. This work presents two projects that had as main objective to arouse a greater interest of the students in Mathematics and were applied in some classrooms of the Final Years of the Elementary School: the Internal Olympiad of Mathematics and the creation of a new discipline, called Essentials, that Seeks to make the student better understand the different intelligences through classes developed by a pedagogical team and teachers of mathematics at a private school in the State of Rio de Janeiro. In addition, it brings a survey conducted with students of the ninth grade of Elementary School who had contact with one of these projects in 2015 and 2016. This research shows the students perception about the work done in the discipline created, which has as guiding content planning The development of multiple intelligences. In this new discipline, students are introduced to different types of problems involving logical reasoning, text interpretation, spatial perception, and other skills that are added to the curriculum of the Final Years of Elementary School to better develop students performance in school life.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação alimentar com ácidos graxos essenciais sobre o desempenho produtivo, variáveis hematológicas, acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos em lamínulas de vidro implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de tilápias. Foram distribuídos 300 peixes (69,86 ± 5,01 g) em 20 caixas (15 peixes/caixa), com capacidade para 310 L, abastecidas com água corrente, vazão de um litro/minuto e aeração suplementar. Os peixes foram submetidos a cinco dietas contendo 28% PD e 3200 Kcal ED/kg. Foram utilizadas duas fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais: óleo de soja (OS) e óleo de linhaça (OL) nas proporções de 100% OS, 75% OS + 25% OL, 50% OS + 50% OL, 25% OS + 75% OL e 100% OL, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Após 15 dias de aclimatação, os peixes receberam as dietas experimentais durante quatro meses, duas vezes ao dia, correspondente a 3,0% da biomassa. Mensalmente foi realizada biometria dos peixes para avaliar o desempenho produtivo. Após 120 dias, os animais foram submetidos ao implante das lamínulas no tecido subcutâneo para avaliação da resposta inflamatória e das variáveis hematológicas (número de eritrócitos, porcentagem de hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e volume globular médio) dois, quatro, seis e oito dias após o implante. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e hematológico. Quanto à cinética dos macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos por corpo estranho foi observado crescente acúmulo em função do tempo de implante entre os tratamentos, precocidade na formação de gigantócitos tipo Langhans para os peixes alimentados com 100% de óleo de linhaça ao sexto dia (P<O,OOO 1) enquanto que no oitavo dia houve a formação acentuada de gigantócitos tipo Langhans (P<O,OOO I) nas lamínulas implantadas nos peixes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the alimentary supplementation with essentials fattys acids on the productive performance, variables hematologicals, accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells in coverslips of glass implanted in the subcutaneous connective tissue of tilapias. 300 fish were distributed (69,86±5.01 g) in 20 aquariums (15 fishes/aquarium), with capacity for 310 L, supplied with current water, f10w of one liter/minute and supplemental aeration. The fish was submitted the five diets contend 28% PD and 3200 Kcal ED/kg. Two acid sources of essentials fattys acids were used: soybean oil (OS) and linseed oil (OL) in the ratios of 100%, 75% + 25% OL, 50% + 50% OL, 25% + 75% OL and 100% OL, with four repetitions for treatment. After 15 days of acclimatization, the fish was received the experimental diets during four months, two times/day, correspondent 3.0% of the biomass. Monthly biometry of the fish was carried through to evaluate the productive performance. After 120 days, the animals were submitted to the imp1antation of coverslips in the subcutaneous connective tissue for eva1uation of the inf1ammatory response and hematologicals variables (number of erythrocytes, percentage of haematocrit, tax of hemoglobin and average corpuscular volume) two, four, six and eight days after the implantation. Significant difference was not observed (P>O,O5) between the treatments for the parameters of productive and hematological performance. All that to kinetic of the macrophages and the formation of giants cells for strange body increasing accumulation in function of the time of implantation between the treatments was observed, premature in the formation of giants cells Langhans type for fish fed with 100% of linseed oil to sixth day (P<O,OOO 1), while that in the eighth day it had the accented formation of giant cell Langhans type (P<O,OOO 1) in coverslips ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: Flávio Ruas de Moraes / Coorientadora: Fabiana Pilarski / Banca: Margarida Maria Barros / Banca: Ana Lúcia Salaro / Mestre

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T14:18:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Diniz Branquinho Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1860778 bytes, checksum: 57f967b8e465d2fa1c640f68d77b08f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T14:23:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Diniz Branquinho Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1860778 bytes, checksum: 57f967b8e465d2fa1c640f68d77b08f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T14:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Diniz Branquinho Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1860778 bytes, checksum: 57f967b8e465d2fa1c640f68d77b08f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / The National Drug Policy aims to guarantee people's access to essential drugs. In order to make possible the evaluation of drugs availability, WHO developed and disseminated lists of principle essential drugs or tracers that function as markers that allow monitoring. This study aimed to analyze the tracer drugs availability, in primary health care services, evaluated in Program for Access and Quality Improvement. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, using secondary data from national database of the external evaluation of the Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) carried out in 41 Primary Health Care facilities at the city that’s hub of pharmaceutical industry in the country. The lists of tracer drugs (global list and regional list) proposed by WHO in 2008 were used to select the variables analyzed in this study. The main finding related to organizational factors was the presence of pharmacies in the Basic Health Units (BHU) without storage rooms. The average of availability for all tracer drugs investigated was 51.41%, lower than the acceptable value proposed by WHO. Not all BHU who said they had the drug in stock, have had them enough to meet the demands of the population. About controlled tracer drugs, they were unavailable in all the Basic Health Units (BHU). It was concluded that the availability of essential tracer drugs do not meet the demand of primary care despite of being on the city that’s pole of the pharmaceutical industry. Local managers have rethink processes and the organization of Pharmaceutical Services, including human resources, since these essential drugs should be available in all BHU in sufficient quantity to meet the population's needs. / A Política Nacional de Medicamentos tem como principal objetivo a garantia do acesso da população a medicamentos essenciais. Com o intuito de tornar possível a avaliação da disponibilidade, a OMS desenvolveu e divulgou listas de medicamentos essenciais principais ou traçadores que funcionam como marcadores que permitem o monitoramento. Este estudo objetivou analisar a disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais traçadores, nos serviços de Atenção Básica à Saúde, avaliados no Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal, utilizando dados secundários do banco de dados da base nacional da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) realizado em 41 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de município polo da indústria farmacêutica no país. Utilizou-se as listas de medicamentos essenciais traçadores (global list e regional list) propostas pela OMS em 2008, para seleção das variáveis analisadas nesse estudo. O principal resultado encontrado referente a fatores organizacionais foi a presença de farmácias nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde sem salas de estocagem. A média de disponibilidade para o conjunto dos medicamentos essenciais traçadores investigados foi de 51,41%, ficando abaixo do valor aceitável de 80% proposto pela OMS. Nem todas as UBS que disseram ter o medicamento em estoque, o tinham em quantidade suficiente para atender as demandas da população. Em relação aos medicamentos essenciais traçadores controlados, estavam indisponíveis em todas as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Concluiu-se, que a disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais traçadores não atende a demanda da Atenção Básica apesar deste município ser polo da indústria farmacêutica. Repensar a partir dos gestores locais os processos e a organização da Assistência Farmacêutica, incluindo recursos humanos, uma vez que esses medicamentos essenciais deveriam estar disponíveis em todas as UBS em quantidade suficiente para atender às necessidades da população.