Orientador: Helena Coutinho Franco de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T05:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raposo_HelenaFonseca_D.pdf: 7490061 bytes, checksum: b7d93ea4b63d773168cdfcbe34c70392 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A proteína de transferência de colesteril éster (CETP) transfere colesterol esterificado (CE) das HDL para as lipoproteínas que contêm apo B, em troca de triglicérides. Assim, a CETP promove a redução dos níveis de HDL-colesterol no plasma, aumentando o risco de aterosclerose. Recentemente, nosso grupo verificou que camundongos transgênicos que expressam a CETP (CETP-Tg) apresentam menor adiposidade que os controles não transgênicos (NTg). Neste trabalho investigamos possíveis mecanismos que expliquem a redução da adiposidade. Camundongos CETP-Tg e controles NTg (C57/BL6 background) foram tratados com dieta padrão desde o desmame até os 5 meses de idade. Camundongos CETP-Tg apresentaram redução nos depósitos de tecido adiposo (~30%). Essa redução da adiposidade não foi compensada por deposição ectópica de lipídeos no fígado ou músculo, nem foi consequência de alteração do balanço de gordura (ingestão vs. excreção). Lipogênese in vivo e em adipócitos isolados (estimada por 3H2O e 14C-acetato) foram similares entre os grupos. A retenção de lipídeos exógenos e a captação de glicose pelo fígado, músculo e tecidos adiposos (estimada após dose oral de 3H-trioleina e injeção IP de 3H-2- deoxiglicose, respectivamente) não evidenciaram nenhuma diferença entre os genótipos. No estado alimentado, a expressão da CETP aumentou (~50%) a lipólise basal in vivo e estimulada por isoproterenol em adipócitos isolados. Coerentemente, os níveis de RNAm para HSL (hormone sensitive lipase) e ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase) estavam aumentados, assim como FATP1 (fatty acid transport protein 1). No tecido adiposo marrom, verificou-se elevação nos níveis de ATGL, FATP1 e UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1). Além disso, o conteúdo protéico do receptor beta 3 adrenérgico também estava aumentado nos extratos de membrana celular de tecido adiposo visceral e marrom dos animais CETP-Tg. A expressão da CETP também elevou em cerca de 10% a taxa metabólica corporal (VO2 e gasto energético). Conclui-se que a CETP altera a expressão e/ou função de proteínas relacionadas à lipólise e termogênese, aumentando o gasto energético global e reduzindo a massa de gordura corporal. Em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem uma nova função antiadipogênica para a CETP / Abstract: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a plasma protein that mediates the exchange of triglycerides for esterified cholesterol from HDL to the apoB containing lipoproteins. In this way, CETP promotes reduction of plasma HDLcholesterol and, thus, increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Recently, we found that CETP expressing mice (CETP-Tg) presented less adipose tissue mass than nonexpressing controls. In this work we investigated possible mechanisms to explain these findings. CETP-Tg and non-transgenic (NTg) control mice (C57/BL6 background) were fed with chow diet from weaning to 5 month of age. CETP-Tg mice had reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat depots (~30%) that was not compensated by lipid ectopic deposition and could not be explained by differences in fat intake and excretion. Lipogenesis rates in vivo and in isolated adipocytes (estimated using 3H2O and 14C-acetate) were similar in both CETP-Tg and control mice. Lipid retention and glucose uptake by liver, muscle and adipose tissues (estimated after an oral dose of 3H-triolein and IP injection of 3H-deoxiglucose) showed no significant differences between groups. In the fed state, CETP group showed higher (~50%) basal lipolysis rates in vivo and in isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis rates in isolated adipocytes. In accordance, visceral adipose hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA expression were elevated, as well as fatty acid transport protein (FATP1). In brown adipose tissue, ATGL, FATP1 and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) were increased. Furthermore, beta 3 adrenergic receptor proteins mass were upregulated in visceral and brown adipose tissues membrane extracts. In addition, whole body energy expenditure (measured by respirometry) was found to be elevated in CETP-Tg mice (10%). In conclusion, CETP change expression and function of proteins related to lipolysis and thermogeneis, thus, increasing whole body energy expenditure and resulting in less body fat content. These findings disclose a novel anti-adipogenic role for CETP / Doutorado / Fisiologia / Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21816号 / 農博第2329号 / 新制||農||1066(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5188(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 梅澤 俊明, 教授 矢﨑 一史, 教授 植田 充美 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Hierarchical systems that integrate nano- and macroscale structural elements can offer enhanced stability over traditional immobilization methods. Microparticles were synthesized using interfacial assembly of lipase with (CLMP-N) and without (CLMP) nanoparticles into a crosslinked polymeric core, to determine the impact of the highly ordered system on lipase stability in extreme environments. Kinetic analysis revealed the macrostructure significantly increases the turnover rate (kcat) following immobilization. The macrostructure also stabilized lipase at neutral and basic pH values, while the nanoparticles influenced stability under acidic pH conditions. A greener solvent, choline chloride and urea, was applied to produce sugar ester surfactants. Microparticles exhibited decreases in the turnover rate (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) following exposure, but retained over 60% and 20% activity after exposure at 50 ºC and 60 ºC, respectively. CLMP and CLMP-N outperformed the commercially available lipase per unit protein in the production of sugar esters. The utilization of greener solvent systems with hierarchical immobilized enzyme systems has the potential to improve processing efficiency and sustainability for the production of value-added agricultural products.

Denna studie undersöker hur serietecknare gestaltar sig själva visuellt i sina verk. Där undersökningen utgår ifrån konstnären och serietecknaren Ester Erikssons seriebok Jag Esters rester (2017). Fokuset för analysen är huvudkaraktären Ester och hur Ester är en visuell representation av Erikssons självbild. Jag utgår ifrån att karaktären Ester är Erikssons alter ego och med denna studie undersöker jag hur användandet av ett alter ego kan fungera som utgångspunkt för ett konstnärskap. Den självbiografiska serien präglas av autenticitet och subjektivitet där betraktaren förväntar sig att det som skildras är verkligt och sant, men att detta inte nödvändigtvis är fallet då det som framställs är serietecknarens subjektiva uppfattning av sig själv och den upplevda händelsen som presenteras. Det är Erikssons subjektiva uppfattning av jaget som Ester representerar, där Eriksson valt ut vilka egenskaper som hon vill lyfta fram, förstärka eller inte visa alls. Att se på självframställningen som ett alter egot skapar en distans mellan konstnären och det tecknade jaget. Det är distanseringen mellan det upplevda jaget och det konstruerade jaget som sker när ens jag blir till ett alter ego som gör det möjligt att få tillgång till andra sidor av sig själv. Denna distansering sker när serietecknaren tecknar sig själv som en seriefigur.

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Master thesis deals with electrical insulating fluids in electrical engineering. It includes the distribution of liquids by ISO standard, distribution of oils and the current state of research into alternative electrical insulating liquids and description of selected dielectric properties. Furthermore, measurements were taken of selected electrical properties of the samples, and later their evaluation.

Thermoplastic blends of several biodegradable polymers with lignin (L) and lignin esters were prepared by solvent casting and melt processing. Among the biodegradable thermoplastics were cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), and a starch-caprolactone blend (SCL). Lignin esters included acetate (LA), butyrate (LB), hexanoate (LH), and laurate (LL). Blend characteristics were analyzed in terms of thermal and mechanical properties. The results indicate widely different levels of interaction between two polymer constituents. Melt blended samples of CAB/LA and CAB/LB were compatible on a 15-30 nm scale when probed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and the glass transition temperatures of the blends followed Fox equation, whereas those of CAB/LH and CAB/LL showed distinct broad transitions on the same scale. Melt blending produced well dispersed phases whereas large phase separation evolved out of solvent castings. Crystallinity and melting points of PHB and PHBV were affected by the incorporation of lignin component, revealing some interaction between the blend constituents. Blends of SCL with L and LB revealed significant effect on crystallinity and melting temperatures of poly-caprolactone component, revealing polymer-polymer interaction between SCL and lignin components. An increased degree of crystallinity was observed in the case of higher-Tg L compared to lower Tg LB. Improvememt in modulus (and in some cases strength also) was observed in almost all blends types due to the glassy reinforcing behavior of lignin. / Master of Science

Biodegradable thermoplastic composites were prepared using high modulus lyocell fibers and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). Two reinforcement fiber types: fabric and continuous fiber tow were used. Fabric had advantages of uniform alignment and easier processing, but lacked the use as a unidirectional reinforcement and a continuous method of matrix application. Three different matrix application methods were screened for both fiber types. Matrix application by suspension of particles in water was not feasible because of particle sizes > 15 &micro m. The other disadvantages were high moisture absorption during matrix application and void formation during consolidation. Melt processing technique using alternating sandwich structure of fabrics and CAB films produced composites with impressive appearance, low void contents and low moisture absorption. However, SEM results revealed interfacial failure and extensive fiber pull out. Relatively larger fiber and matrix regions were present on the scale of 10^-3m. Solution prepregging technique using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as a solvent for CAB and continuous fibers as reinforcement produced composites with uniform matrix distribution, high tensile strengths and high modulus, and even wetting of fibers by CAB. A maximum tensile modulus of 21.5 GPa and a maximum strength of 251.7 MPa were achieved for a continuous fiber reinforced composites at a volume fraction of 66.5% compared to 0.8 GPa and 76 MPa for the matrix, respectively. Void contents and water absorption were relatively high compared to comparable carbon fiber composites. / Master of Science

Mechanical properties of (woven carbon fiber / vinyl ester matrix) composites can be greatly improved if the interphase between the reinforcing high-strength low-weight fiber and the thermoset resin is made more compliant. In order to improve the adhesion of the vinyl ester matrix to the carbon fiber, a thermoplastic coating such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) can be used as an intermediate between the matrix and the fiber. The extent of mutual diffusion at the (sizing material / polymer matrix) interphase plays a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of the composite. In this research, the molecular interdiffusion across a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone))/vinyl ester monomer (PVP/VE) interface is being investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The ATR method which can be used to characterize the transport phenomena, offers several advantages, such as the ability to monitor the diffusion <I>in situ</I> or to observe chemical reactions. In order to separate the effects of the vinyl ester monomer diffusion and the crosslinking reaction, ATR experiments were carried out at temperatures below the normal curing temperature. Diffusion coefficients were determined by following variations in infrared bands as a function of time, and fitting this data to a Fickian model. The values of the diffusion coefficients calculated were consistent with values found in the literature for diffusion of small molecules in polymers. The dependence of diffusion coefficients on temperature followed the Arrhenius equation. Hydrogen bonding interactions were also characterized. The diffusion model used in this study, however, does not seem to be appropriate for the particular (PVP/VE) system. Because the glass transition temperature of the PVP changed as diffusion proceeded, one would expect that the mutual diffusion coefficient did not stay constant. In fact, it was shown that the Tg can drop by 140oC during the diffusion process. A more suitable model of the (PVP/VE) system should take into account plasticization, hydrogen bonding, and especially a concentration dependent diffusion coefficient. Further analysis is therefore needed. / Master of Science

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19197号 / 農博第2136号 / 新制||農||1034(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4943(農学部図書室) / 32189 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 西尾 嘉之, 教授 木村 恒久, 教授 髙野 俊幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM