Esta dissertação está dividida em oito partes. As três primeiras são Introdução, Metodologia - que desenvolvi para poder realizar a análise dos versos e poemas de Campos - e a Apresentação do poeta em questão. A quarta, quinta, sexta e sétima partes constituem o corpo das análises, propriamente ditas. A quarta parte é dedicada ao tema da Identidade onde discuto a fissura entre o \"eu\" e o \"mim\", operada pelo poeta, além da possibilidade da volta da diferença nas imagens poéticas da noite, da água, da morte e da máscara. A quinta é dedicada à Violência, onde aponto e discuto o sacrifício da palavra e o vício de \"sentir tudo de todas as maneiras\" num momento em que o maquinário e a multidão estão a causar profundas impressões nas pessoas. Na sexta parte, caracterizo a Memória, em Campos, como memória-sensação para, a partir daí, atualizar as sensações de lucidez, tédio e pavor do poeta perante o mundo. Seguem-se as Considerações Finais e a Bibliografia. O que tento mostrar com minhas análises é a criação da subjetivação através do entendimento da ação da violência naquilo que normalmente é chamado de identidade e memória. Entretanto, faço isso através das imagens dos poemas de Campos, porta das \"sensações brutais e amorais\", para, ao mesmo tempo em que apresento a possibilidade da criação ética e estética-de-si, poder apontar para o pavor frio de um presente tomado como ideal. / The present essay is divided in eight parts. The three first are Introduction, Methodology and Presentation of the poet Álvaro de Campos, Fernando Pessoa heteronym. The fourth, fifth and sixth parts are the body of the analysis, strictly speaking. They are named, respectively, Identity, where I discuss the split between \"I\" and \"me\", accomplished by the poet, besides the possibility of the turn of the difference, managing poetic images of night, water, death and mask; Violence, where I point out and discuss the sacrifice of the word and the indulgence of \"feel all in every ways\"; and Memory, where I try to characterize the memory-sensation in Campos, and the bringing up to date the sensations of the poet\'s lucidity, tediousness and terror before the world. The last two parts are Final Considerations and Bibliography. The purpose of these analyses is to point out the creation of subjection by the means of the action of violence in what is usually called identity and memory. Nevertheless I do it using Campos poems images, the poet of \"brute and amoral sensations\", for, at the same time that I present the possibility of the ethic creation and aesthetic-of-oneself, be able of pointing out the cold terror of the present as an ideal.

Although women are more likely to seek advanced degrees, there are substantial gaps between men and women in terms of employment rates, wages, and positions of power. This cross-sectional study aligned with the social cognitive career theory and investigated how specific demographic variables (age and education level) interacted and influenced work-related characteristics (decision latitude, self-efficacy, and work ethic) to address issues women experience in the workplace. Females who identified as working a minimum of 15 hours per week and over the age of 18 were contacted via social media or in person. A snowball effect occurred when participants invited peers to participate. Two-hundred and eighty-six females completed an online survey including demographic questions and items from 3 instruments: Job Content Questionnaire, Short Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale, and Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile-Short Form. The research questions helped evaluate the differences and interactions between the independent variables age and education level on the dependent variables decision latitude, self-efficacy, and work ethic. Six one-way analyses of variance were used to assess for differences, and 3 two-way analyses of variance were used to assess for interactions between 5 age groups and 4 education levels. The analyses showed only 1 significant difference between education level and decision latitude. The current research may influence social change at an individual level within career or therapeutic counseling and policies and procedures at the organizational level. The information can create positive change for women within current work environments as they increase responsibilities or advance to positions of power.

Narcissism has increased in the past 3 decades. Entitlement is a component of narcissism, and substantial research indicates that entitlement is associated with negative behaviors such as aggression, relationship conflict, incivility, and unreasonable expectations in the workplace, learning environments, and relationships. Despite such findings, factors such as self-control, work ethic, and self-efficacy that might explain the variance in entitlement in adolescents has received little investigation. Social cognitive theory indicates that continuous reciprocal relationships exist between personal, behavioral, and environmental factors. The study employed cross-sectional survey research to gather data from 118 students in Grades 10, 11, and 12 in the United States. A multiple regression was used to investigate whether each of self-control, as measured by the Self-Control Scale; work ethic, as measured by the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile-Short Form; and self-efficacy, as measured by the General Self-Efficacy Scale, explained unique variance in the criterion variable entitlement, as measured by the Psychological Entitlement Scale, and a correlational analysis was used to examine the relationships between the variables. Self-control and work ethic displayed statistically significant negative correlations with entitlement, and each explained unique variance in entitlement. Self-efficacy was not a predictor of entitlement. The findings indicate that parents, teachers, and practitioners should design interventions aimed to increase work ethic and increase self-control to curb entitlement and its negative effects.

La vente immobilière est devenue un contrat de méfiance où s’entrechoquent différents droits et obligations. Ce sont les droits du vendeur contre ceux de l’acquéreur voire des tiers comme les occupants du bien. Face à cette crise de confiance, les enjeux moraux de ce contrat présentent un réel intérêt surtout au regard de la moralisation de la vente d’immeuble par l’action combinée du législateur et du juge. Ces derniers vont s’intéresser au bien des contractants dépassant ainsi le domaine strict du droit. En effet, la morale est évaluée selon des critères d’appréciation de bien ou de mal alors que la justice procède à son évaluation sur la base de critère de juste ou d’injuste. Le droit, objet de la justice, concerne « le juste rapport des biens et des choses réparties entre citoyens ». Le bien consistant « dans une juste mesure, un point d’équilibre où se réalise l’harmonie du tout et de ses parties », le domaine de l’étude concerne tout aussi bien l’équilibre du contrat de vente immobilière que la conduite des acteurs du contrat. / The real estate sale has become a contract of distrust. In this contract, various rights and obligations conflict. Specifically, there are seller’s rights versus purchaser’s rights or third party rights like that of the property’s occupant. In the face of this crisis of trust, the moral stakes of this contract raise great interest, in particular regarding the moralization of real estate sale by the combined action of the legislature and judges. They are interested in the good of all contracting parties where the mere domain of law is exceeded. Indeed, in terms of morality, an action is evaluated according criteria of right and wrong, whereas, in terms of justice, an action is evaluated according criteria of fair and unfair. Law, which is based on justice, concerns « the fair balance of assets sharing between citizens ». The good consists of « an equilibrium where harmony among all parties is realized by a fair measure ». The subject of this thesis is about balance between the contract of real estate sale and the behavior of contract players.

Entre la tradition de l'écriture et celle de l'oralité, l'écrit administratif, à Abidjan , est un écrit entre deux. Il se situe entre deux cultures que véhiculent une langue officielle au statut légitimé par la constitution et des langues locales issues de quatre groupes linguistiques et qui, bien que non enseignées, sont couramment pratiquées par les populations. Dans une telle situation de diglossie et contrairement aux pratiques orales en français qui , en Afrique francophone, mettent en relief une appropriation du français par des phénomènes d'interférences lexicales, syntaxiques et des adjonctions ou des troncations, l'écrit administratif apparaît comme un document correctement écrit des points de vue syntaxique et lexical. Cependant, comme dans toute rencontre, le contact des langues en présence influe sur le comportement langagier des locuteurs. Dans le cadre de l'écrit administratif, les locuteurs prennent appui sur les dispositifs langagiers oraux, mieux connus et mieux maîtrisés, pour construire leurs écrits. Ce dispositif, marqué essentiellement par une éthique de l'altérité qui fait de la parole un art, est source d'étrangeté du fait de son éloignement des normes conventionnelles de l'écrit administratif. Cette étrangeté qui n'est que la manifestation de l'étranger dans sa pratique du français administratif, révèle une esthétique discursive particulière. Ainsi, l'expression de l'identité linguistique, l'écrit administratif est également à percevoir comme le lieu d'une interculturalité et le locuteur un passeur favorisant le lien nécessaire entre les peuples et les cultures. / Between the tradition of the writing and that of the orality, the formal writing, in Abidjan, is a writing between two. It is located between two cultures that convey an official language to the status legitimated by the constitution and the local languages from four linguistic groups and which , althought not taught, are commonly practiced by the populations. In such a situation diglossia and contrary to practices in french, wich oral, in francophone Africa, highlight a ownership of the French language by the phenomenon of interference lexical, syntactic and additions or truncations, formal writing appears as a document properly written of points of view syntactic and lexical. However, as in any meeting, the contact of the languages affects the behaviour of language speakers. In the framework of the formal writing, speakers take support on the oral devices, better known and better controlled, to build their writing. This device, characterized by an ethic of otherness which makes the talk an art, is a source of strangeness because of its expulsionof standards of the administrative writing. This strangeness reveals an aesthetic discursive particular. Thus, expression of the linguistic identity, administrative writing is also to perceive as the place of interculturality and, the speaker, a boatman favouring the necessary link between people and cultures.

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur studie- och yrkesvägledare på Jobbtorg arbetar med de dilemman som kan uppstå kring de etiska riktlinjerna. Författarnas hypotes har varit att det är svårt att tillämpa de etiska riktlinjerna i en målstyrd verksamhet som Jobbtorg. En kvalitativ metod har används där fem slumpmässigt utvalda studie- och yrkesvägledare på Jobbtorg Stockholm har intervjuats. Resultatet visar på att studie- och yrkesvägledarna upplever dilemman kring deras yrkesetik, men har utarbetat olika strategier för att hantera dessa dilemman. Det visade sig att studie- och yrkesvägledarna hade skapat sig ett stort arbetsutrymme kring studie- och yrkesvägledningen på Jobbtorg. Dilemman som de intervjupersonerna istället belyste var bland annat ekonomiska riktlinjer inom försörjningsstöd, att förmedla objektiv information och aspiranternas önskan om expertutlåtanden.</p> / <p>The purpose of this essay was to examine how the guidance counselour on Jobbtorg Stockholm works with the dilemmas which may arise over the ethical guidelines. The authors' hypothesis has been that it is difficult to apply the ethical guidelines of a targeted activity such as Jobbtorg. A qualitative approach was used in which five randomly selected guidance counselours on Jobbtorg Stockholm were interviewed. The result shows that guidance counselours experience dilemmas about their professional ethics, but have developed different strategies to deal with these dilemmas. It turned out that the guidance counselours have created a wide space around the guidance and counseling on Jobbtorg. Dilemmas that the interviewees rather highlighted, among other was economic policies, to provide objective information and the clients desire for expert advice.</p>

<p>The<strong> </strong><em>Aim</em><strong> </strong>of this study is to interpret and analyse what is considered to be professional responsibility within substance abuse treatment in the unique perspective of Ubuntu philosophy. The <em>Method</em><strong> </strong>is of hermeneutic tradition, which is based upon qualitative research with five interviews. <em>Result:</em><strong> </strong>Ubuntu philosophy can be seen as a perspective when interacting with clients, professionals and surrounding community. Ethical responsibility is by the professionals considered as a positive attitude, different approaches and respect for the profession, co-workers and clients. The <em>Discussion</em><strong> </strong>enlightens the importance of education, ethical responsibilities and how the Ubuntu philosophy creates a holistic perspective in treatment. <em>Conclusion:</em><strong> </strong>There will always be differences when working with people but the differences should not be considered as dilemmas more as challenges.</p>

<p> </p><p>The aim of this essay is to gain knowledge of how individual social students believe that ethical codes should be used in social work, and what the individual social students believe that an ethical code should contain. In this essay I have chosen to work on a qualitative approach because I am looking for subjective experiences. I have chosen to use my focused interviews as data collection method. Interviews are a good choice to find out people's experiences of a phenomenon. The result shows that some of the students felt that ethical codes should be used as support for ethical decisions in their daily work. The other students felt that ethical codes should be used in various forms of mentoring groups, which reflected on ethical dilemmas. Finally, I had a question about what the social students felt that the ethics code should contain. The answer to this question was a rather belated response: the rights of clients, responsibilities for social workers, emphasis on what is important in social work, and what characteristics you should have as a social worker.</p>

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Konsulter utbildar ledare inom ledarskap. Öppna ledarskapsutbildningar vänder sig främst till nyblivna ledare, vars kunskaper inom ämnet många gånger är vagt. Vad som tas upp i dessa utbildningar, formar ledare och därmed organisationer.</p><p>Moderna företag behöver moderna ledare. Strömningar i samhället medför en ökad medvetenhet bland kunderna om organisationers image. Det är viktigt för dagens ledare att anpassa sig till det som sker i samhället.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar utformningen av öppna ledarskapsutbildningar. Vidare vill vi studera innehållet i dessa utbildningar och undersöka om, och i så fall i vilken omfattning, de tre dagsaktuella aspekterna genus, etik/moral och miljö/hållbarhet tas upp.</p><p>Uppsatsen bygger på det hermeneutiska synsättet, som hela tiden söker nya sätt att försöka förstå olika företeelser. För att skapa oss en djupare och mer fullständig uppfattning av de tre aspekternas upptagning i de öppna ledarskapsutbildningarna, ansåg vi att en kvalitativ metod var nödvändig. Vi valde endast att intervjua fem företag, då vi ansåg att fler intervjuer skulle vara för tidskrävande. Vi har försökt fånga in aktörernas olikheter i fråga om storlek och bakgrund, för att skapa variation i urvalet.</p><p>Ledarskap kan beskrivas som en process vars syfte är att påverka en organiserad grupp att nå uppsatta mål. För att kunna göra det krävs att ledare förstår och skapar förståelse inom organisationen. Kommunikation, konflikthantering, feedback, ökad delaktighet och situationsanpassat ledarskap är exempel på områden som är relevanta för ledarskapet.</p><p>Genus, etik/moral och miljö/hållbarhet är tre aspekter som dagligen berörs i samhällsdebatten. Genus är det socialt konstruerade könet, som talar om vad som är maskulint och feminint. En ledare bör uppmärksamma de normer som finns och reproduceras i vardagen, för att motverka uppkomsten av ojämställdhet och fördomar inom organisationen. Etik/moral tar upp vad som är rätt och fel. Ledare måste se till att de skapar förutsättningar för arbete med etik, de har ett ansvar för dess existens i organisationen. För miljödiskursen utgör hållbarhet en viktig del, den avser samhällets behov av utveckling på ett ansvarsfullt sätt. Det ligger på ledarens ansvar att se till att detta efterlevs inom organisationen.</p><p>Innehållet i de öppna ledarskapsutbildningarna var överlag lika hos respondenterna. Feedback från kunderna, pekas ut som den primära källan till utveckling av utbildningarna. Detta kan dock ifrågasättas. Kundernas okunskap inom ämnet kan bidra till att de förlitar sig blint till konsulternas expertis, vilket kan leda till att kvalitets höjande kritik uteblir.</p><p>Genus, etik och moral inkluderades i viss mån, hos några av respondenterna. Uteblivandet av de tre aspekterna tyder på att majoriteten av konsulterna är kvar i ett teknokratiskt synsätt. Konsulterna verkar fokusera mer på vad som genererar vinst för företaget, än att skapa mervärde för kunderna. Ett modernt ledarskap bör spegla det samhälle vi idag lever i, varför genus, etik och miljö är av relevans för ledarskapet.</p> / <p>Summary</p><p>Many consultants offer and shape educations within the leadership field. Open leadership educations are mainly for individuals whom have just been appointed managers or leaders, and whose knowledge regarding leadership is limited. What is included in leadership education will shape leaders, and thus organizations.</p><p>Modern companies need modern leaders. What is considered modern and relevant to society as a whole will affect organizations’ image. It is important for leaders of today to adjust to what happens in society.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that affect the shaping of open leadership educations. Further, we wanted to study the content of this type of education and examine whether, and possibly to what extent, it includes the three contemporary aspects of gender; ethics and morals; and the environment and sustainability.</p><p>This paper is built upon a hermeneutic perspective, with a purpose of always looking for new ways of understanding different phenomena. To gain a deeper and more complete understanding of the inclusion of the three aspects in leadership education, we considered a qualitative method necessary. We chose to interview only five companies, since we estimated that any more would be too time consuming. We have tried to capture the actors’ differences regarding size and background, to obtain variation in our selection.</p><p>Leadership can be described as a process with a purpose to affect an organized group to achieve certain goals. To do so, it is required that the leader has and creates understanding within the organization. Communication, managing conflicts, feedback, increased participation and situational-adapted leadership are examples of issues that are relevant for the leadership discourse.</p><p>Gender; ethics and morals; and the environment and sustainability are three aspects that are in focus of the current public debate. Gender refers to the two sexes, but as social constructions. It tells us what is supposed to be masculine and feminine. A leader should be attentive to norms that are reproduced in everyday life, to counteract the emergence of inequality and prejudice within organizations. Ethics and morals have to do with what is considered right and wrong. Leaders must make sure that they create the conditions needed to work with ethics; they have a responsibility for its existence within the organization. Sustainability is an important part of the environmental discourse, and refers to society’s need for responsible development. It is the leaders’ responsibility to make sure that this is conformed to within the organization.</p><p>The content of open leadership education that we have examined was generally similar between respondents. Feedback from costumers was pointed out as the single strongest source of educational development. However, this can be questioned: customers’ ignorance regarding the subject could contribute to a blind reliance on the consultants’ expertise, with a risk of missing out on quality-enhancing critique.</p><p>The aspects of gender; ethics and morals; and the environment and sustainability where somewhat included in the responses. The absence of the three aspects suggests that the vast majority of consultants still have a technocratic point of view. Consultants seem to be more focused on what will profit the company than to create surplus value for costumers. A modern leadership should reflect our society, and thus, gender; ethics and morals; and the environment and sustainability are indeed relevant for leadership.</p>

The Aim of this study is to interpret and analyse what is considered to be professional responsibility within substance abuse treatment in the unique perspective of Ubuntu philosophy. The Method is of hermeneutic tradition, which is based upon qualitative research with five interviews. Result: Ubuntu philosophy can be seen as a perspective when interacting with clients, professionals and surrounding community. Ethical responsibility is by the professionals considered as a positive attitude, different approaches and respect for the profession, co-workers and clients. The Discussion enlightens the importance of education, ethical responsibilities and how the Ubuntu philosophy creates a holistic perspective in treatment. Conclusion: There will always be differences when working with people but the differences should not be considered as dilemmas more as challenges.