<p>The understanding and practice of leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa, in all spheres, is at the heart beat of this work. Questions and concerns over the quality of leadership in most countries in this particular region are reasons which have led to revisit and investigate the formative training of the current cohort of African leadership with a special focus on the ethical aspect of leadership. It is an assumption, in this thesis, that the contemporary cohort of African leadership received their formative training especially in the 1960s and 1970s and that they were deeply influenced by the black consciousness movement and, in association with that, by the emergence of black theology. In this respect, this research project explores the notions of ethics and leadership with a view to determine ways in which an appropriate leadership ethos was portrayed and articulated in the writings of selected exponents of the black theology movement, namely ML King (Jr), Desmond Tutu and Allan Boesak. The purpose of this work is therefore mainly descriptive: to map discourse on a leadership ethos in the context especially of black theology.</p>

Historically there has been an ongoing debate whether leadership is innate behaviour, a trait or a skill. I believe leadership is both a skill and a behaviour that exhibits that skill (Doh 2003). ‘This dual definition generated an additional disagreement over whether leadership can be taught’ (Doh 2003, p. 54). I have had conversations with professors, alumni and leaders who have experience with leadership (broadly defined) and more specifically with leadership programmes. I have asked the experts how they would define leadership; if leaders are born; how the profile of a successful leader looks like; and how we should develop leaders. This study indicates that leadership can be enhanced with the development of (1) explicit knowledge (2) tacit knowledge (3) emotional intelligence (4) and ethical leadership.

<p>The understanding and practice of leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa, in all spheres, is at the heart beat of this work. Questions and concerns over the quality of leadership in most countries in this particular region are reasons which have led to revisit and investigate the formative training of the current cohort of African leadership with a special focus on the ethical aspect of leadership. It is an assumption, in this thesis, that the contemporary cohort of African leadership received their formative training especially in the 1960s and 1970s and that they were deeply influenced by the black consciousness movement and, in association with that, by the emergence of black theology. In this respect, this research project explores the notions of ethics and leadership with a view to determine ways in which an appropriate leadership ethos was portrayed and articulated in the writings of selected exponents of the black theology movement, namely ML King (Jr), Desmond Tutu and Allan Boesak. The purpose of this work is therefore mainly descriptive: to map discourse on a leadership ethos in the context especially of black theology.</p>

Det finns idag mycket kunskap om vilka faktorer som leder till ökat resultat för eleverna. Trots det har vi i Sverige fortfarande en hög andel elever som inte når gymnasiebehörighet i årskurs 9. På den skola jag är verksam som rektor gjordes en nulägesanalys höstterminen 2016 inför ett samverkansprojekt med Skolverket; resultatet av den analysen visar på hur arbetslagsledarna är en outnyttjad resurs. Deras uppdrag har mer kommit att handla om att förmedla information från rektor till laget och att leda lagmöten, än att leda skolutvecklingsprocesser. Mot bakgrund av ovanstående ställer jag följande frågor:  1) Vilket ledarskap utövar arbetslagsledare i olika situationer? 2)  Hur kan arbetslagsledarens syn på det egna uppdraget förstås? 3)  På vilket sätt påverkar olika bakgrundsvariabler hur arbetslagsledaren utövar sitt ledarskap? Ett antal hypoteser ställs upp i syfte att försöka besvara frågorna och datainsamling sker genom att en enkät skickas ut till arbetslagsledare i olika grundskolor. De bakgrundsvariabler som prövas är: kön, tid på arbetsplatsen, tid som arbetslagsledare, hur uppdraget tilldelats, storleken på laget, förstelärare eller inte, och vilken huvudman respondenten har.  Respondenterna får läsa sex olika scenarier och därefter ta ställning till olika handlingsalternativ, utformade utifrån fyra olika teorier om ledarskap: abdikerat ledarskap, auktoritärt ledarskap, kommunikativt ledarskap och etiskt ledarskap. Det finns även ett femte alternativ där respondenten har möjlighet till ett eget alternativ.  Resultatet av undersökningen visar att den ledarskapsstil som arbetslagsledare, oberoende av bakgrund, i högsta grad väljer är den etiskt-kommunikativa ledarskapsstilen, förutom i scenario 1. Vilket handlar om att hantera ett ärende där en kollega inte följer de normer och värden som finns för skolan. Vidare visar en analys av resultatet att det behöver finnas en tydlig uppdragsbeskrivning med ett tydligt mandat som ska vara känt av alla. Då skapas större förutsättningar för arbetslagsledaren att leda de nödvändiga processerna mot ökad måluppfyllelse. / There is a lot of knowledge today about factors that lead to increased results for the students. Nevertheless, in Sweden, we still have a high proportion of students who do not reach secondary competence in grade 9. At the school where I am principal, an analysis was conducted in the autumn term 2016 for a collaboration project with the Swedish National Agency for Education. The result of this analysis shows how the team leaders are an unutilized resource, whose mission has become more about mediate information from the principal to the team and conducting team meetings, than to lead school development processes.  In view of this, I ask the following questions:  1)    Which leaderships do team leaders practise in different situations? 2)    How can team leaders view for their own mission understands? 3)    In what way do different background variables affect the way the team leader practise her leadership?  A number of hypotheses are set up in purpose to try to answer these questions and data collection is done by sending questionnaires to team leaders in various elementary schools. The background variables tested are: gender, time at workplace, time as team leader, how the assignment is assigned, the size of the team, first teacher or not, and what head of school the respondent has.  The respondents reads six different scenarios and then take a stand in different action options, based on the theories of four different leaderships: abdicated leadership, authoritative leadership, communicative leadership, and ethical leadership. There is also a fifth option where the respondent is given the opportunity an alternative of her own.  The result of the survey shows that the leadershipstyle that team leaders, regardless of  background, choose to the highest degree is the ethical-communicative. Except in scenario 1 which is about managing a case where a colleague does not comply with the norms and values ​​of the school. An analysis of the result also shows that there must be a clear mission statement with a clear mandate that should be known by everyone. This will create greater prerequisites for the team leader to lead the necessary processes towards increased goal achievement.

Submitted by Kennyo Ismail (kennyoismail@hotmail.com) on 2013-10-15T18:00:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-10-17T13:28:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-21T17:45:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-21T17:45:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-26 / There are many freemasons who have distinguished themselves as leaders in different times and in different sectors of society. Given that the masonic experience and training is a common characteristic among these leaders, the understanding of the relationship between Freemasonry and the leadership and the measurement of the influence of masonic leaders over their teams, who can also be leaders in their work and social activities, becomes of great relevance to manag ement science and society in general. Based on the theories of social learning, social exchange and social identity, and on the premise of ethical leadership, referenced by masonic literature, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ethical lea dership in moral identity and identification with the organization, as well as the consequences of its member's behaviors inside and outside the masonic organization. Altogether, thirteen hypotheses were formulated, originating two research models that wer e tested empirically through a quantitative study with 1571 freemasons of all Federal Units of Brazil. The discussion was enriched by the content analysis of an open question answered by 933 participants. The results indicate a positive influence of the e thical leadership on the mason's symbolized and internalized moral identity, on their prosocial behavior, their identification with the Blue Lodge, their satisfaction with life and with their group conscietiousness and voice. Finally, the theoretical and p ractical implications of the results are discussed and suggestions for further researchs are presented. / Muitos são os maçons que se destacaram como líderes nas mais diferentes épocas e nos mais diversos setores da sociedade. Tendo a experiência e formação maçônica como característica comum entre tais líderes, a compreensão da relação entre a Maçonaria e a liderança e a mensuração da influência dos líderes maçônicos sobre seus liderados, os quais podem também serem líderes em suas atividades sociais e profissionais, tornam-se de grande relevância para a ciência da administração e a sociedade, de uma forma geral. Tomando por base as teorias de aprendizagem social, de troca social e de identidade social, e partindo da premissa da liderança ética, referenciada pela literatura maçônica, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da liderança ética na identidade moral e na identificação com a organização, considerando ainda as respectivas consequências nos comportamentos dos liderados dentro e fora da organização maçônica. Ao todo, 13 hipóteses foram formuladas, gerando dois modelos de pesquisa que foram testados empiricamente por meio de estudo quantitativo realizado com 1571 maçons de todas as Unidades Federativas do Brasil. A discussão dos resultados foi enriquecida com a análise de conteúdo de uma questão aberta presente no questionário, respondida por 933 participantes. Os resultados indicam uma influência positiva da liderança ética sobre a identidade moral simbolizada e internalizada dos maçons, sobre seu comportamento prósocial, sua identificação com a Loja Maçônica, sua satisfação com a vida e com a consciência e voz de grupo. Por fim, as implicações teóricas e práticas dos resultados obtidos são discutidas e sugestões para futuras pesquisas são apresentadas.

Magister Theologiae - MTh / The understanding and practice of leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa, in all spheres, is at the heart beat of this work. Questions and concerns over the quality of leadership in most countries in this particular region are reasons which have led to revisit and investigate the formative training of the current cohort of African leadership with a special focus on the ethical aspect of leadership. It is an assumption, in this thesis, that the contemporary cohort of African leadership received their formative training especially in the 1960s and 1970s and that they were deeply influenced by the black consciousness movement and, in association with that, by the emergence of black theology. In this respect, this research project explores the notions of ethics and leadership with a view to determine ways in which an appropriate leadership ethos was portrayed and articulated in the writings of selected exponents of the black theology movement, namely ML King (Jr), Desmond Tutu and Allan Boesak. The purpose of this work is therefore mainly descriptive: to map discourse on a leadership ethos in the context especially of black theology. / South Africa

Magister Commercii - MCom / Against the background of major corporate scandals internationally and in South Africa, questions are being asked about the level of morality of leaders in organisations. This study assessed the level of moral reasoning of senior managers in a South African company in the insurance industry. The study was based on Kohlberg’s Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) Theory and an assessment of key literature pieces relating to ethical leadership and business ethics. Research has demonstrated that ethical leaders have a significant influence on an organisation’s performance, reputation, sustainability, ethical climate and employee engagement. Globally and in the South African corporate context it is therefore important for organisations to understand the capacity of its leaders to behave ethically so that appropriate interventions can be engaged in. More specifically, this study aimed to assess the level of moral reasoning of managers in a large South African organisation and examined the relationship between the variables age, gender, race, tenure and education on the one hand and the level of moral reasoning on the other hand. This study also assessed the reliability of the Managerial Moral Judgment Test (MMJT). This study was a cross-sectional, quantitative study utilising a previously developed questionnaire, the Managerial Moral Judgment Test. This study contributed to the very sparse body of knowledge of managerial moral reasoning in the South African business context, while the research results can be used to identify managerial training and development needs in ethics in the organisation studied. This study found that the moral reasoning levels of managers at the research site, is at the conventional level, while the variables age, gender, race, tenure and education have no significant influence on the level of moral reasoning. In addition, this study established the internal reliability of the Managerial Moral Judgment Test and located ethical leadership and business ethics in the literature.

This thesis covers the topic of the ethical aspects of business. The paper defines what an ethics and a business ethics are and it describes selected tools of business ethics. The practical part focuses on building company called Skanska and on its view of business ethics. This part consists of an interview with managing director of Skanska SK a.s. and of a questionnaire survey. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the level of the business ethics in this building company. The main research question is: "How important part do the ethical aspects represent in the company Skanska?"

The main purpose of our study was to gain a deeper understanding of how culture influences the interpretation of ethical leadership by both leaders and followers in Zambia and Sweden. The study was conducted using an interpretative narrative inquiry with a small sample of ten participants (i.e. leaders and followers) selected using a purposive sampling method. The participants were drawn from six small and medium local authorities in Sweden (three medium size Kommuns) and Zambia (Two municipalities and one District Council). The empirical data was collected using semi-structured interview guides with interview sessions lasting 45 minutes on average. The data collected was transcribed and analyzed using narrative and thematic analysis. Based on this analysis, we came up with four main themes regarding the interpretation of ethical leadership by leaders and followers, and these are: Morality, Law, Humanity and Nature which constitute our Culture-Ethical Leadership interpretation model.   The empirical narratives demonstrated some similarities in the interpretation of ethical leadership between leaders and followers in Sweden and Zambia. The leaders and followers from both countries affiliated ethical leadership to morality, humanity, adherence to the law, and, caring and protecting nature. Our research also led us to conclude that there is a degree of variance in the interpretation of ethical leadership which relates to the differences in the cultural contexts. In Zambia, leaders and followers show high inclination to the law as being ethical which is reflected in Bello (2012)’s statement that failure to follow rules and regulations is a manifestation of unethical leadership while in Sweden, leaders and followers are inclined to high morality and humanity influenced by high levels of trust as narrated by our participants from Sweden. / <p>Alumbwe leza!</p>

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