As fístulas arteriovenosas da região do seio cavernoso constituem as fístulas carotidocavernosas que podem ser diretas ou indiretas. As indiretas são raras, a sua sintomatologia é variada e o tratamento é controverso. Este estudo compreendeu a análise prospectiva de 44 pacientes portadores de fístulas carotidocavernosas indiretas (FCCI) no período de 01 de janeiro de 1994 e 31 de janeiro de 2004, 42 com etiologia espontânea e dois pacientes com etiologia traumática, sendo estes analisados separadamente. Doze (12) pacientes foram submetidos à conduta expectante e orientados a realizar manobras de compressão carótido-jugular. O tratamento endovascular foi realizado por via arterial, venosa ou combinação dos dois, num total de 30 pacientes. Considerando o grupo inteiro, ocorreu trombose espontânea em aproximadamente 24% dos pacientes. Os sintomas e o aspecto angiográfico após o tratamento evoluíram com melhora ou cura em 100% dos casos, com oclusão completa das FCCI em 63,3%, a grande maioria destes submetidos a apenas um procedimento. Além dos acessos venosos tradicionais aos seios cavernosos, vias de acesso alternativas através da veia oftálmica superior foram realizadas por punção percutânea de veia facial, veia supratroclear ou veia frontal. O material embolizante mais utilizado foi o adesivo tissular líquido, \"cola\", isoladamente ou em conjunto com outros materiais. Houve complicações transitórias em 13,3% dos pacientes tratados e nenhuma complicação permanente foi observada, o que demonstrou a baixa morbidade deste procedimento / The arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus (CS) region constitute the carotid-cavernous fistula, which can be direct or indirect. The indirect type is quite rare, its clinical features is very inespecific and its treatment modalities controversial. Forty-four patients with indirect carotid-cavernous fistulas (ICCF) were studied in a prospective manner between January 1994 to January 2004, 42 with spontaneous etiology and 2 with traumatic etiology, being these analyzed separately. Twelve (12) patients were submitted to a expectant management and instructed to perform carotid-jugular compression. Endovascular treatment was accomplished by arterial approach, vein approach or combination of both, in a total of 30 patients. Considering the entire group, spontaneous thrombosis was observed in approximately 24%. Symptoms and the angiographic features after endovascular treatment improved or disappeared in 100% of the cases, with total obliteration in 63.3%, most of them submitted to just one procedure. Despite the traditional venous routes to the CS, alternative accesses through the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) were accomplished by percutaneous puncture of the facial, supratrochlear or frontal vein. Liquid adhesive (glue) was the most often embolic material used isolated or with other materials. No permanent complication was observed and only 13,3% of the patients treated cursed with transitory complications, what demonstrated the low morbidity of this procedure

Foram selecionados 231 indivíduos, no período de abril de 1997 a janeiro de 1998, divididos em dois grupos controle com 88 indivíduos e 143 pacientes com doença arterial coronária. Os pacientes foram subdivididos em dois grupos: 59 com angina estável e 84 com IAM. Foram analisadas as características clínicas, fatores de risco, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, perfil lipídico, glicemia, tabagismo, apoliproteína Al, apoliproteína B, lipoproteína (a), fibrinogênio, ácido úrico e hemograma completo. Análise multivariada mostrou que a idade, o HDL-colesterol, leucócitos e monócitos foram fatores de risco independentes para doença arterial coronária. / Between april 1997 and january 1998, 231 patients were selected and divided into two groups: control group with 88 patients and 143 patients with coronary artery disease. The latter group was then divided into two subgroups: 59 patients with stable angina and 84 patients with AMI. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile, glycemia, smoking, apoliprotein Al, apoliprotein B, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, uric acid and total blood cell count were analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed age, HDL-cholesterol, leukocytes and monocytes as independent risk factors for coronay heart disease.

Food insecurity or low-access to good quality, affordable foods affects minority women and children disproportionately (Herndon, 2014; Ivers & Cullen, 2011; Lee, 2012; Wigg Dammann & Smith, 2009). Linked to the rise in nutritionrelated and other health problems afflicting these populations (e.g., malnutrition, obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure among others) (Azarbad & Gonder- Frederick, 2010; Bove & Olson, 2006; Larson, Story, & Nelson, 2009), this issue has been gaining some attention. Still, programs combating weight and “weightrelated disorders” generally focus on individualistic solutions (Orbach, Bodies 2009)—such as increasing daily exercise and vilifying certain diets. Dismissing important spatial and systematic aspects, these approaches rather perpetuate problematic socio-political, economic, medical, and ideological biases informing our understanding of poverty, health and food. This project offers and alternative perspective. Most importantly, it 1) scrutinizes sexist, classist and racist constructs across the literature on overweight, obesity, poverty, and health; 2) examines the relationship between our food system, the growth in nutrition-related diseases, and the intersections of gender, race, and class within food insecure communities; and 3) analyzes interview data looking for important and resonating themes that could guide the development of more efficient local food access strategies. As this study shows, these women’s experiences, knowledge, and strategies have the potential of, not only helping eradicate food insecurity across South Florida, but also combating a great number of the nutrition-related health problems afflicting these populations. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is widespread in asthma, and epidemiological studies point to an association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and poor asthma control and increased severity. In humans. Vitamin D is principally derived from sunlight induced cutaneous conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D and oral supplementation. We sought to determine if established and chronic-persistent adult asthma patients from a South-Florida pulmonary patient population, with abundant sunshine availability and oral vitamin D supplementation exhibit vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. A trend to vitamin D insufficiency was observed in approximately 65% of both adult asthma patients and apparently healthy (non-asthmatic) volunteers. . The transcription factors required for Th9 conversion, PU.1 and IRF-4, were down-regulated by vitamin D. The generation of Th9 cells was inhibited equally by vitamin D and dexamethasone when used alone, but the effect was additive when both steroids were used in combination. Our studies using non-specifically stimulated cells were extended by analyzing the effect of vitamin D on allergen specific stimulation. The response of CD4+ T cells obtained from the blood of house dust mite positive asthmatics was studied. House dust mite allergen elicited a classical Th2 phenotype response (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 cytokine profile) and vitamin D effectively inhibited those key Th2 cytokines. We conclude that vitamin D appears to be of significant clinical benefit in our cohort of patients, i.e., established chronic adult human asthma, by down-regulating key immune cells including Th9, Th17, and Th2 involved in this disorder. / by Amjad Munim. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Com o objetivo de verificar se as proteínas do sistema GH-IGF-IGFBP e o receptor do fator de crescimento insulina símile tipo I (IGF-IR) estão envolvidos na etiopatogenia do Diabetes Melito tipo 1 (DM1) , foram estudados 23 pacientes prépúberes portadores de DM1 em diferentes fases do diagnóstico (Grupo A: tempo de diagnóstico <= 6 meses; Grupo B: tempo de diagnóstico > 6 meses) e 10 indivíduos pré-púberes sadios como grupo controle (Grupo C). A expressão do mRNA do IGFIR realizada através do ensaio molecular de RT-PCR nos linfócitos periféricos T e B não demonstrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos linfócitos T quando comparados indivíduos diabéticos e controles, sugerindo que a ativação imunológica destas células seja independente da ação do IGF-IR. Observou-se uma maior expressão do mRNA do IGF-IR dos linfócitos B de pacientes diabéticos em relação ao grupo controle (p < 0,05). A avaliação das proteínas do sistema GH-IGF-IGFBP não demonstrou diferença estatística significante entre os grupos. Estes achados, associados à presença de auto-anticorpos para o DM1 (ICA, anti-GAD e anti-IA2) sugerem fortemente o papel do IGF-IR na ativação dos linfócitos B envolvidos na etiopatogenia do DM1 / Aiming to verify if GH-IGF-IGFBP proteins system and insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-IR) are implicated on pathofisiology of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1), we studied 23 prepubertal patients with DM1 on different stages of diagnosis (Group A: time of diagnosis <= 6 months; Group B: time of diagnosis > 6 months) and 10 prepubertal healthy subjects as control group (Group C). The RT-PCR molecular assay for IGF-IR mRNA on peripheral T and B lymphocytes didn\'t show statistical differences between the groups when T cells were analyzed. We found an increase of IGF-IR mRNA expression on B cells from diabetic patients when compared to healthy subjects (p< 0,05). There were no differences in the GH-IGF-IGFBP proteins system levels between the groups. Our study suggest that IGF-IR in association with diabetes-related autoantibodies (ICA, anti-GAD and anti-IA2) presence could activate B cells involved on pathofisiology of DM1

Um aumento da atividade da PLA2 e alterações do sistema dopaminérgico tem sido descrito em esquizofrenia. No presente estudo, foram investigados os efeitos da atividade da PLA2 sobre os receptores D1 e D2 em cérebro post mortem de 10 sujeitos. Foi encontrado que a PLA2GVI é responsável por 85% do total de atividade da PLA2 no cérebro. A estimulação da PLA2GVI (por EDTA) aumentou a afinidade de D1 em estriado e em CPF e diminuiu a afinidade de D2 em estriado. A inibição da PLA2GVI (por BEL) diminuiu a afinidade de D1 em estriado, e em CPF e CT. A estimulação da PLA2GVI resultou em aumento na densidade de D1 em CPF e CT, e de D2 em estriado. Uma elevação da PLA2 em esquizofrenia poderia contribuir para a biologia da doença através de alterações na neurotransmissão dopaminérgica / Increased PLA2 activity and dopaminergic alterations have been described in schizophrenia. In the present study it was investigated the effects of PLA2 activity on D1 and D2 receptors in post mortem brain of 10 subjects. It was found that PLA2GVI corresponds to 85% of all PLA2 activity in the brain. The stimulation of PLA2GVI (by EDTA) increased D1 affinity in striatum and in PFC, and decreased D2 affinity in striatum. Conversely, the inhibition of PLA2GVI (using BEL) decreased D1 affinity in striatum, PFC and TC. The stimulation of PLA2GVI increased D1 density in PFC and TC, as well as the D2 density in striatum. The increased PLA2 activity in schizophrenia may contribute to the biology of the disease through alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission

INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é o mais frequente tipo de câncer primário do fígado e a sua incidência vem aumentando nas últimas décadas, , tornando-o hoje a terceira causa de morte por câncer no mundo. Em cerca de 70 a 80% dos pacientes, o CHC é precedido pelo desenvolvimento de cirrose hepática. Existe um consenso de que a ressecção cirúrgica do tumor é a única terapêutica efetivamente comprovada. Esta ressecção pode ser realizada tanto através de uma hepatectomia como pelo transplante hepático. Atualmente, apenas 30 a 40% dos pacientes se beneficiam dos tratamentos ditos curativos e, mesmo entre esses pacientes, a sobrevida em cinco anos continua baixa, em torno de 60 a 70%, com taxa de recorrência do tumor em torno de 50% em três anos. Alguns estudos mostraram um pior prognóstico para os pacientes com CHC cuja etiologia é a infecção por vírus B ou C. Isso nos leva à questão sobre a existência de uma diferença entre as diversas etiologias do CHC e o seu prognóstico. OBJETIVOS: Comparar o prognóstico (sobrevida global e livre de doença em cinco anos) de pacientes submetidos à hepatectomia para o tratamento do CHC com relação às diversas etiologias da hepatopatia e estudar fatores prognósticos nesse grupo de pacientes. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um levantamento de prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à hepatectomia entre 2000 e 2014 para tratamento de CHC, seguido de análise estatística desse banco de dados, visando a avaliação de parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais e cirúrgicos. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a etiologia da hepatopatia, sendo feita uma análise de sobrevida para comparação. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante de prognóstico entre os grupos de pacientes divididos conforme a etiologia do CHC. A sobrevida global e livre de doença em cinco anos dos pacientes dessa amostra foi de 49,9% e 40,7%, respectivamente. As variáveis prognósticas estatisticamente significantes para sobrevida global foram nível sérico de alfafetoproteína (p=0,043), nível sérico de CA19.9 (p=0,028), invasão da cápsula tumoral (p=0,030), margem livre (p=0,004) e presença de complicações pós-operatórias (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Pelos dados dessa amostra, pudemos constatar que não houve diferença em relação ao prognóstico entre os grupos de pacientes das diversas etiologias de CHC. As variáveis nível sérico de alfafetoproteína e de CA 19.9, invasão da cápsula tumoral, margem livre e complicações pósoperatórias podem ser consideradas preditoras de pior prognóstico / INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer and its incidence is increasing around the world in the last decades, making HCC the third cause of death by cancer in the world. In about 70 to 80% of patients, HCC is preceded by cirrhosis of the liver. It is believed that hepatic resection is the single proven curative treatment. This resection can be done in the form of a hepatectomy or liver transplantation. Nowadays, only 30 to 40% of HCC patients can benefit from these curative treatments and, among them, survival in five years is still around 60 to 70%, with tumor recurrence rate around 50% in three years. Some studies have shown a worse prognosis for HCC patients whose etiology is viral. That brings us to the question about the existence of a difference between the various etiologies of HCC and its prognosis. OBJECTIVES: To compare the prognosis (overall and disease-free survival at five years) of patients undergoing hepatectomy for the treatment of HCC with respect to various etiologies of liver disease and to study prognostic factors in this group of patients. METHOD: We performed a review of medical records of patients undergoing hepatectomy between 2000 and 2014 for the treatment of HCC, followed by statistical analysis of this database for evaluation of clinical, laboratory and surgical parameters. Patients were divided into groups according to the etiology of liver disease followed by overall and disease-free survival analysis for comparison. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the outcomes of the groups of patients divided according to the etiology of HCC. Overall and disease-free survival at five years of patients in this sample was 49.9% and 40.7%, respectively. Statistically significant prognostic variables for overall survival were serum alpha-fetoprotein (p = 0.043), serum CA19.9 (p = 0.028), invasion of the tumor capsule (p = 0.030), resection margins (p = 0.004) and presence of postoperative complications (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: From the data of this sample, we could verify that there was no prognostic differences between the groups of HCC patients of the various etiologies. The variables serum alphafetoprotein and CA 19.9, invasion of the tumor capsule, resection margins and presence of postoperative complications can be considered predictive of worse prognosis

Dor facial atípica (DFA) é uma condição álgica crônica destacada pela etiopatogenia ainda desconhecida e pela característica rebelde aos tratamentos vigentes. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o limiar e padrões de excitabilidade cortical de doentes com DFA através de Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana (EMT) e compará-los a controles saudáveis, além de avaliar a eficácia terapêutica da EMT repetitiva (EMTr) ativa em doentes com DFA comparados à EMTr placebo. Durante o período de março de 2010 a dezembro de 2013 foram avaliados 29 doentes com DFA - os quais preencheram os critérios segundo a classificação proposta pela Associação Internacional de Cefaleia (2004) - e 28 controles saudáveis. A avaliação foi iniciada com a investigação da excitabilidade cortical bilateral. Em seguida, os doentes foram aleatorizados em dois grupos (ativo e placebo) para o tratamento com EMTr sobre o córtex motor primário na área de representação da face, esquematizado da seguinte forma: cinco sessões consecutivas para a fase de indução, e uma sessão semanal (pelo período de oito semanas) para a de manutenção; frequência excitatória de 10Hz; 80% do limiar motor de repouso; e 3000 pulsos no total por sessão. Os doentes foram avaliados quanto às características dolorosas no momento basal, no dia sete após a semana de indução, e nos dias 21, 30 e 60 para acompanhamento na fase de manutenção. Em todas as avaliações, utilizou-se os seguintes questionários validados para a língua portuguesa: Inventário Breve de Dor; DN4, Inventário de Sintomas de Dor Neuropática, Questionário de descritores breve de dor McGill e Questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36. Os doentes do grupo ativo e placebo apresentaram excitabilidade cortical inicial diferenciada em relação aos controles nos padrões de inibição e facilitação intracortical (p < 0,001). Ao final da última avaliação, os doentes do grupo ativo apresentavam padrões de excitabilidade cortical mais próximos dos controles do que os doentes do grupo placebo, embora sem significância estatística. Não houve diferença entre os grupos ativo e placebo em todas as avaliações quanto às características de dor e de qualidade de vida, sendo que ambos apresentaram melhora da dor. Conclui-se que há diferenças neurofisiológicas entre os doentes com DFA e os controles, e que isso pode ser modificado através do EMTr. A ausência de efeito terapêutico da EMTr neste estudo indica que mais estudos utilizando-se outros parâmetros para a verificação da eficácia da EMTr na DFA são necessários / Atypical facial pain (AFP) is a chronic condition with unknown physiopathology and refractory characteristics to the gold standard treatment. The aim this study was to compare the patterns of cortical excitability between AFP and health subjects (HS), and to assess the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in AFP patients. Twenty-eight HS and 29 patients with AFP were included according to the IHS criteria (2004). Participants underwent a cortical excitability battery bilaterally in the primary motor cortex (M1) representation of the masseter muscle. They were then randomized into active and sham rTMS groups. rTMS was performed over the contralateral motor cortex in the representation area of the face daily for a week and weekly for eight weeks in a total of 13 sessions (5 induction and 8 maintenance sessions). All participants received 10 Hz rTMS, at 80% of the rest motor threshold (total of 3000 pulses per session). Sham rTMS was performed with an identical sham coil that emitted a similar sound to the active one. Patients were clinically assessed at baseline, after the induction phase (one week) and after 21, 30 and 60 days after the beginning of the study. Evaluations included the following validated questionnaires to the Brazilian Portuguese language: brief pain inventory; DN-4; Neuropathic pain symptoms inventory, McGill pain questionnaire brief version and quality of life questionnaire SF-36. At the baseline assessment, patients with AFP showed defective intracortical excitability inhibition and facilitation (p < 0.001) compared to HS. After the final evaluation, the patients from the active group had cortical excitability patterns closer to HS than the patients from the sham group, although there was no significant difference. There was no difference between patients that underwent active and sham rTMS about their pain characteristics and quality of life; both had pain improvement. In conclusion, there are neurophysiological differences between patients with AFP and HS, which could be modified with rTMS. The absence of a therapeutic effect of rTMS on pain in this study indicates the need of more research with other TMS parameters to check the efficacy of rTMS in AFP

by Wai Yuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-157). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledegment --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.v / List of Abbreviations --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Parkinson's Disease (PD) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Epidemiology --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Neuropathology --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Clinical Symptoms --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Treatment --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Proposed Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in PD --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Oxidative Stress --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Mitochondrial Dysfunction --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Genetic Factors --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Environmental Factors --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Ageing --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3 --- "1-Methy-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) as a PD Model" --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Discovery of MPTP --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- The Mechanisms of MPTP-induced Neurotoxicity --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4 --- Antioxidants in the Central Nervous System --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Superoxide Dismutase --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Glutathione --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5 --- Metallothioneins (MTs) --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Characteristics of MTs --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Functions of Astrocytes --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6 --- Astrocytes --- p.34 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Characteristics of Astrocytes --- p.34 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Functions of Astrocytes --- p.35 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Role of Astrocytes in Parkinson's Disease --- p.39 / Chapter 1.7 --- Aim of Project --- p.41 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 2.1 --- In Vitro Study --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Astrocyte Cultures --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Treatment Regimen --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- 1 -methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) Treatment --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Induction of Metallothioneins (MTs) and Glutathione (GSH) --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.2.2.1 --- Northern Blot Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.2.2.2 --- Immunocytochemical Staining for MTs --- p.48 / Chapter 2.1.2.2.3 --- GSH Assay --- p.49 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Iron Chelation --- p.51 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Combined Pretreatment --- p.51 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- "3,(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay" --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Assay --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Protein Assay --- p.56 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Statistics --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2 --- In Vivo Study --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Administration of 1 -methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)" --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Immunocytochemical Staining --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- DAT Receptor Binding Assay --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Dopamine (DA) and DA metabolites - High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistics --- p.61 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- In Vitro Study --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Induction of Metallothioneins (MTs) in Astrocytes with Zinc Sulfate (ZnS04) --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Immunocytochemical changes --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Northern Blot Analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.1.3 --- The Effects of ZnSO4 Pretreatment on 1 -methyl-4-phenyl- pyridinium (MPP+)-treated Astrocytes --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.1.3.1 --- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activities --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.1.3.2 --- "3,(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) Activities" --- p.67 / Chapter 3.1.1.3.3 --- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The Effects of NAc Pretreatment on MPP+-treated Astrocytes --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Glutathione (GSH) levels --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- LDH Activities --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- MTT Activities --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1.2.4 --- ROS Production --- p.83 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- The Effects of Deferoxamine on MPP+-treated Astrocytes --- p.87 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- LDH Activities --- p.87 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- ROS Production --- p.89 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- The Effects of ZnSO4 and NAc Combined Treatment on MPP+-treated Astrocytes --- p.92 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- LDH Activities --- p.92 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- ROS Production --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Effects of 1 -methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on MT-I, -II Knock-out Mice" --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Effects of MPTP on Substantia Nigral (SN) Cell Loss --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The Effects of MPTP on Striatal (ST) and SN Dopamine Transporter (DAT) Binding --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The Effects of MPTP on ST Dopamine (DA) Metabolites --- p.100 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION --- p.102 / REFERENCES --- p.123

Poon Cho Sun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-91). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v / ABSTRACT --- p.vi / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Epidemiology and aetiology of cervical cancer --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Incidence and mortality --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Aetiology --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Oral contraceptive pills and cervical cancer --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Immunity and cervical cancer --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Socio-economic differences and cervical cancer --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2.5 --- Smoking and cervical cancer --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2.6 --- Male role and cervical cancer --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2.7 --- Nutrition and cervical cancer --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Oncogene --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Tumour suppressor gene --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Alterations of oncogene in cervical cancer --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Alterations of tumour suppressor genes in cervical cancer --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Alterations of chromosome 1 in cervical cancer --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Cytogenetic tudy --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Molecular genetic study --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Materials and methods --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Patients --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Specimens --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Blood samples --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Tumour tissue specimens --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Chemicals --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Reagents --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Markers --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Major equipment --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- DNA extraction --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- DNA amplification --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Validation of PCR primers and optimisation of PCR condition --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- End labelling of the primer by (γ-32p)ATP --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- PCR for LOH detection --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- Electrophoresis --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.2.5 --- Gel dry and radioautography --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.2.6 --- PCR analysis of the D1S80 and D1S76 loci --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- Determination of Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1 --- LOH analysis in cervical cancer --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2 --- LOH and age in cervical cancer --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3 --- LOH and pathological grade in cervical cancer --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- LOH and clinical stage in cervical cancer --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5 --- LOH and clinical status in cervical cancer --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1 --- Microsatellite markers --- p.69 / Chapter 5.2 --- PCR condition --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3 --- LOH in cervical cancer --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4 --- Correlation of LOH with clinico-pathologic characteristics of cervical cancer --- p.76 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- LOH and age --- p.78 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- LOH and clinical stage --- p.78 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- LOH and pathologic grade --- p.79 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- LOH and clinical status --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- References --- p.83