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Getuienis voortgebring deur middel van 'n toestel of apparaat (soos byvoorbeeld 'n foto) kan 6f as reele getuienis 6f as dokumentere getuienis, 6f as albei aangebied word. Die doel waarvoor dit aangebied word, bepaal die toelaatbaarheidsvereiste(s). Oudio- en Videobande as getuienis word vir doeleindes van bespreking oor dieselfde kam geskeer aangesien daar prinsipieel nie 'n onderskeid is nie. '1 am unabk to see any difference, in principk, between the admissibility of an audio tape recording and a video tape recording" rull Milne rp in S v Ramgobin and Others 1986 (4) SA 117 (N) p 129 I. Huidiglik is daar in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg nie eenstemmigheid ten opsigte van die klassifikasie en/of toelaatbaarheidsvereistes van toestelle en apparate, soos byvoorbeeld videos, nie. In die bespreking wat volg sal gekyk word na die nodigheid van 'n klassifikasie en wat die omvang van toelaatbaarheidsvoorskrifte behoort te wees, in 'n akkusatoriese strafprosesstelsel soos die van Suid-Afrika en die Anglo-Amerikaanse regstelsels. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LLM

LL.M. (Law of Contract) / The parol evidence rule encompasses those rules that regulate the admissibility of extrinsic evidence. The parol evidence rule only comes into play when the court has to interpret a written contract and one of the parties argue that the contract or any specific clause does not reflect the common intention between the parties. The court will then follow a two prong approach in interpreting the contract. The court will firstly utilise the rules of interpretation, including the common law principles regarding presumptions. If this does not clarify the disputed clauses of the contract, the court will then rule on whether extrinsic evidence is permissible and consider such extrinsic evidence in an attempt to determine the common intention of the parties. The rules applicable to the admissibility of extrinsic evidence in the South African law of contract developed from a strict formalistic approach as applied in the Delmas Milling v Du Plessis case to an approach where any extrinsic evidence may be admitted, as long as it is admissible in terms of the rules of evidence and it falls within the category of what Harms DP stated in the KPMG Chartered Accountants (SA) v Securefin Ltd case as “context” or “factual matrix”. The KPMG Chartered Accountants (SA) v Securefin Ltd case finally brought the law applicable to the parol evidence rule in the South African law of contract on par with its American and English counterparts.

Thesis--Cologne. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 3-5).

Bochum, University, Diss., 2006.

Thesis (LL. M.)--University of Adelaide, 1988. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves vii-xiv).

Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität zu München.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Göttingen.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1939. / Vita. Published also without thesis note. "Table of cases": p. 407-415. "Bibliography": p. 382-405.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1953. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [269]-282).