Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 113 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-113).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-101). Also available on the World Wide Web.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

This dissertation contains three essays. They are "On Optimal Excise Taxes: Becker’s Household-Production Approach", "The Pricing of Public Intermediate Goods Revisited", and "Piecemeal Design and Reform of Commodity Taxes". In the first essay, Becker’s household production model is used to investigate optimal excise taxes. We are particularly interested in what can be said about the optimal tax structure from the information of household production activities and the new insights that can be gained into the optimal tax structure by using Becker’s approach. In the second essay, we revisit the pricing of publicly produced inputs for competitive downstream industries under a general equilibrium setting and with a general production technology. We emphasize the dependence of the price structure of the private sector upon public prices and explore the consequences on the public pricing rules with such a dependence. In the third essay, we consider the design and reform of commodity taxes with a given general income tax. The major part of the paper investigates tax reforms which are Pareto-improving from the status quo, with and without lump-sum taxes. / Ph. D.

Магистерская работа посвящена совершенствованию системы транспортных налогов Китая, с целью их экологизации. Пояснительная записка состоит из введения, 3 глав и заключения. В первой главе рассматриваются вопросы обложения транспортных средств в Российской Федерации и в Китае, а также исследуются виды воздействия транспорта на окружающую среду. Во второй главе анализируется развития автопарка в России и в Китае, делается вывод о его значительном влиянии на окружающую среду, исследуются объемы выбросов от транспортных средств в атмосферу, а также поступления по группе транспортных налогов и других обязательных платежей в бюджетную систему государств. В третьей главе предлагается изменение системы транспортных налогов Китая, связанных с эксплуатацией транспортных средств с целью придания им большего экологического характера. / The master's thesis is devoted to improving the system of transport taxes in China, with the goal of greening them. The explanatory note consists of introduction, 3 chapters and conclusion. The first chapter discusses the issues of vehicle taxation in the Russian Federation and China, and explores the types of environmental impacts of transport. The second chapter analyzes the development of the vehicle fleet in Russia and China, concludes that it has a significant impact on the environment, examines the volume of emissions from vehicles into the atmosphere, as well as revenues from the group of transport taxes and other obligatory payments to the state budget system. The third chapter proposes a change in the system of transport taxes in China associated with the operation of vehicles in order to give them a greater environmental character.

Hösten 1919 i Sverige tillsattes en skatt som skulle beskatta nöjestillställningar. Dess främsta uppgift var att indriva intäkter till kommunkassan. Anledningen till denna skatts uppkomst var att Sverige stod med ekonomiska problem efter första världskrigets slut och behövde nu ta till vissa åtgärder för att stabilisera den igen. En av dessa åtgärder var att tillsätta nya skatter, vilket nöjesskatten, som den kom att kallas, var en av dem. Nöjesskatten är en så kallad punktskatt. En punktskatts uppgift är att indriva ökad inkomst till staten. Sijbren Cnossen diskuterar punktskatters påverkan i sin avhandling The Economics of Excise Taxation, han diskuterar främst varorna tobak och alkohol som har ”punktbeskattats”. Han diskuterar att specifika varor som tobak och alkohol fungerar att sätta punktskatt på just för att de är specifika och lätta att administrerar. I min undersökning har jag undersökt vad nöjesskatten som lag egentligen innebar och om det fanns några oenigheter till vilka nöjestillställningar som skulle beskattas. Nöjesskatten innebar att nästan alla form av nöjen som var aktuella första halvan av 1900-talet skulle beskattas, dit räknades inte bara teater utan även travkörning och luftballongsflygning. Det har även visat sig att det fanns en hel del oenigheter om vad som bör räknas som nöjestillställning alls, vad som trots att det var en nöjesställning inte borde beskattas och vad som borde beskattas men lägre än annat. Efter att ha identifierat nöjesskatten så valde jag att titta på hur en teater- och biografverksamhet handskades med den mellan perioden 1925-1939 och verksamheten jag valt är Uddevalla Teater AB i staden Uddevalla på Sveriges västra kust. Det visade sig att teatern i Uddevalla inte betalade nöjesskatten en enda gång under den perioden jag undersökt. / The autumn of 1919 in Sweden was added a tax which would tax entertainment. Its main task was to increase revenues for the municipality. The reason for this tax's rise was that Sweden was financially problematic after the First World War and now had to take some measures to stabilize it again. One of these measures was to add new taxes, which the Entertainment tax was one of them. The Entertainment tax is a so-called excise tax. An excise duty is to increase revenue to the state. Sijbren Cnossen discusses the effects of excise duties in his thesis The Economics of Excise Taxation, he mainly discusses the goods tobacco and alcohol that have been "punished". He discusses that specific goods such as Tobacco and Alcohol work to tax only because they are specific and easy to administer. I have investigated my investigation of what the Entertainment tax as a law really means and whether there were any disagreements to what entertainment events would be estimated. The Entertainment tax meant that almost every form of entertainment that was current first half of the twentieth century would be taxed, not only theater but also trafficking and air ballooning. It has also been shown that there was a great deal of disagreement about what should be considered as a state of entertainment at all, what a entertainment should not be taxed and what should be taxed but lower than anything else. After identifying the Entertainment tax I chose to look at how a theater and cinema business dealt with it between 1925-1939 and the business I chosed was Uddevalla Teater AB in the town of Uddevalla on Sweden's west coast. It turned out that the theater in Uddevalla did not pay the satisfaction tax one time during the period I investigated.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Münster, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 407-444).

This dissertation investigates whether consumers’ cross-border shopping due to interstate commodity tax differentials influence counties’ economic activity and states’ strategic competition in multiple tax policies. First, I examine how own and the nearest neighboring states’ commodity tax rates affect counties’ retail activity. Particularly, in contrast to many previous studies, I examine whether the distance to the state border influences the responsiveness of counties’ retail activity to sales and excise taxes of own and the nearest neighboring states. Since the costs of avoiding state commodity taxes are presumably lower along borders, the impacts of state commodity taxes on retail activity may be different for counties closer and further away from the state border. Considering retail establishments and employment of industries that are most likely to be affected by consumers’ cross-border shopping activity, I find that that the impacts of domestic and the nearest neighboring states’ sales and excise tax rates on counties’ retail establishments and employment depend on the distance to the state border. However, contrary to what would be expected, the impacts tend not to be very robust. Second, I investigate whether consumers’ cross-border shopping to low commodity taxed states influence state governments to engage in strategic competition in multiple tax policies. Previous works on fiscal competition document that state governments engage in commodity tax competition to gain cross-border shoppers. Specifically, the empirical research find that changes in neighboring states’ one commodity tax rate influence changes in a home state’s same commodity tax rates. However, these studies do not address whether changes in neighboring states’ one commodity tax rate also induce the home state to adjust other taxes, either other commodity taxes or possible income taxes. Using a panel of the United States’ state-level data for the period 1977−2002, I estimate the reaction functions not for a single tax rate but multiple rates. In this framework, I find that states react to neighbors’ lower tax rates on one tax base by changing rates on either the same tax base or/and other tax bases, thereby suggesting that states engage in strategic competition in multiple tax rates to meet their revenue goals.