Title: The basic aspects of self-defence Objectives: The principal aim of this thesis is describe the basic aspects of self-defence, like criminological factors, phases of conflict, expression of stress and the legal problems of self-defence. Methods: Application, processing and interpretation of informations from scholarly publications. Results: The result of this thesis is summary of individual aspects of self-defence in common civil life. Keywords: self-defence, conflict, circumstances excluded lawlessnes

The purpose of the thesis is to analyse exclusions and exceptions from patentability which is a negative requirement for an invention to enjoy a patent protection. It aims to answer the question why the exclusions are needed and whether they should be preserved as some of them proved to be very controversial. The law and practice of the European Patent Office, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom are compared with the emphasis on the European Patent Convention and the EPO's case law. In the national regulation, mainly the differences and peculiarities to the European approach are pointed out. The work is composed of four chapters. The first chapter explains the basic concepts of patent law and presents justifications for patent protection. The second chapter deals with various patent systems and reviews the most important international tools of harmonization. In the third chapter, the exclusions are introduced and the distinction between Article 52(2) and (3) EPC (exclusions) and Article 53 (exceptions) is clarified whereas it is submitted that the difficulty posed by the exclusions lies in the interpretation of the words "as such" used in Article 52(3) EPC. The main focus of the thesis lies in chapter four which is subdivided into nine subchapters, each discussing one of the exclusions and...

This thesis examines the influence of contributory periods and excluded periods on the pension amount. Furthermore, various pension construction elements and a retirement calculation method is discussed. The subsequent chapter is devoted to the corresponding contributory periods of insurance and their position in comparison with other insurance periods. Moreover, there are simulated model examples of situations, where the contributory periods are not included into the pension amount.

This study investigates whether the use of mobile money affects the savings patterns of individuals that are vulnerable to financial exclusion, that is, the low-income earners, low-educated, women and rural habitants. Studying the case of Kenya, this study uses data from the 2016 FinAccess Household Survey (N=8,665) that was designed to track and measure the drivers, growth and impact of mobile money use in Kenya. Logistic model and the 2SLS IV regression are used as the empirical estimation method for testing the statistical significance of the correlation between mobile money usage and the savings behaviors of the individuals. The results show that users of mobile money are 1.96 more likely to have a savings product than those that do not use mobile money, and that the propensity for users of mobile money to save for emergencies and for future events is 1.44 and 1.27 times higher, respectively, as compared to the non-users. These findings suggest that individuals that use mobile money perceive it as a trustworthy, efficient and reliable store of value especially making savings for future use. This analysis also finds statistically significant evidence suggesting that mobile money use significantly increases the propensity to save for individuals in demographic groups that are more susceptible to the unique challenges that lower accessibility to formal financial services. Therefore, by increasing the probability of individuals in the female, low income, low education and rural groups to save, mobile money fosters financial inclusion which is essential in the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals such as reducing poverty, increasing equality and sustained economic growth among others. In general, this study has specific policy implications for using mobile money as a device for increasing financial inclusion among the ‘unbanked’ population.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS AUGUSTO SANTOS RODRIGUES.pdf: 1128081 bytes, checksum: 43d38171f76a95e10658f1861258a956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-18 / In this dissertation on the pericope Mt1,1-17, we seek to prove the fact that according to genealogy in Matthew, Jesus is the Messiah announced in the Old Testament understood from foreign, prostitutes, adulterous and sinner women. Suggesting that he is the Messiah of the excluded. We are studying the concept of messianism. We are looking for the semantic origins of Messiah. We also are studying the development of messianism in ancient Judaism, both as a social phenomenon as doctrine. We have done the exegesis of perícope and the sociological and theological reading. Finally, we are presenting the arguments that our hypothesis: as the pedigree in Matthew, Jesus is the Messiah understood from foreign prostitutes, adulterous women and sinner women. In fact the Jesus of Matthew is the Messiah of the poor and marginalised. / Nesta dissertação sobre a perícope de Mt 1,1-17 buscamos a constatação de que conforme a genealogia em Mateus, Jesus é o Messias anunciado no Antigo Testamento, compreendido a partir das mulheres estrangeiras, prostitutas, adúlteras e pecadoras. Sugerindo que ele é o Messias dos excluídos. Pesquisamos a conceituação de messianismo. Procuramos as origens semânticas da palavra messias, bem como o desenvolvimento do messianismo no Judaísmo Antigo, tanto como fenômeno social quanto como doutrina. Fizemos a exegese da referida perícope, a leitura sociológica e a leitura teológica. Por fim, apresentamos as argumentações que comprovam a nossa hipótese: conforme a genealogia em Mateus, Jesus é o Messias compreendido a partir das mulheres estrangeiras, prostitutas, adúlteras e pecadoras. O Jesus de Mateus é, na verdade, o Messias dos pobres e marginalizados.

The aim of this study is to describe successful strategies to include children in free play activities at the preschool. The methods that pedagogues use to act and work with excluded children will be examined. To get answers to my questions I have conducted interviews with five pedagogues in four preschools. During interviews they mention two different approaches to encourage free play activity. One way was to participate and play along with the children. The other approach was to let the children play by themselves and only interact when there are disagreements between the children. During analysis of the assembled data I have used the sociocultural perspective developed by Vygotskij. In the study the pedagogues describe different ways to reduce the risk that children will be excluded. The study also includes suggestions and thoughts about why some children are excluded in free play and how they can be encouraged to participate in the activity. The pedagogues that were interviewed seemed to be very aware of the problem. I observed that they have high ambitions to include all children in free play activities. I raise the question about how they manage to fulfill the goal of including children when there are time constraints and many children with different needs in large groups. At the same time there are many other requirements that the pedagogues have to fulfill.

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This thesis examines Hannah Arendt's vita activa in the context of the contemporary political world that is marked by the inclusion of a variety of beings beyond mere human plurality. Understanding that Arendt's work is in opposition to the isolating tendencies of philosophical and bureaucratic thought, I look to the processes of labor and work as methods by which togetherness and worldliness can be recovered. Beginning with Richard Sennett's The Craftsman and Vanessa Lemm's Nietzsche's Animal Philosophy, I draw out a common thread in projects that consider non-human actors as capable of politicking: endurance. Building upon Arendt's work in The Human Condition and On Violence, I suggest that the vita diutina, the enduring life, and the three deaths of being serve as a useful ways of understanding already ongoing political projects that include non-human beings. / Graduate / 0422 / 0615 / sorr@uvic.ca

The problem which spurred this thesis has three components. First, there are entities which we may call stuff – alluded to by uncountable nouns; these entities seem to have a duality for behaving like both (i) an object or a discrete middle size substance – which are supposed to be non-repetitive and independent, and as well as (ii) a concept or a universal – which are repetitive but dependent (on some independent substances). Second, a dichotomy persists between the two aspects of the duality: what is non-repeatable cannot be repeatable and, conversely what is repeatable cannot be non-repeatable. Third, there is a background of how we conventionally do logic, and our present trend of doing – or rather, doing away with – metaphysics. The thesis then came up with four chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the question – how can, or how do we deal with stuff predication following the conventional guidelines? – where by stuff predication I mean any predication involving stuff. I also tried there to find out some clues from Frege’s works. Chapter 2 dives into some related issues pertaining to language, grammar and the notion of constitution. Chapter 3 examines critically two types of theories or views (one of them has been recently championed by Michael Dummett and P.F. Strawson; the other by David Armstrong) arguing how repetitive entities differ from the non-repetitive ones. My counter argument is that those arguments are either fallacious or not even complete. Chapter 4 takes an Aristotelian perspective following the lead of E.J. Lowe. The thesis has a pessimistic tone at the end: the conventional method is quite inadequate as it misses some subtleties pertaining to stuff, nor could Lowe’s Aristotle take us too far. Nevertheless, one cannot – I hope – miss some deeper insights glimpsing into this work. Particularly, Chapter 3 opens up some new venues to think about: our thoughts about our own arguments and proofs may need some revamping.

The thesis titled "Health and social situation of people living in the excluded locality "Stalingrad", arose because nowadays they are socially excluded localities increasingly viewfinder researchers, scholars and not least the media. Residents of socially excluded localities get from their neighbors in most cases verbal abuse and an overall disinterest. Locations also receive various nicknames, such as "house of horror" or "gypsy ghetto". The theoretical part of the thesis describes and explains the basic concepts and phenomena that are the subject of the thesis. Such concepts and phenomena are eg. social exclusion and its effects on the lives of individuals affected, or causes of socially excluded localities and what people are at risk of social exclusion. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the health situation of people living in socially excluded locality in general. There are presented the basic concepts that bind to a medical situation such as quality of life and determinants that affect health and condition. In the last part of the theoretical background is given governs employment and economic situation of the socially excluded locality, focusing on unemployment, work accidents and the impact of unemployment on health. The main aim of this thesis was to describe what health and social situation of people living in the excluded locality "Stalingrad" and the sub-objective was to determine what relationships are residents of the excluded localities "Stalingrad" with their neighbors who live near the site. Have been established two research questions were: VO1: What is the history of people living in the excluded locality "Stalingrad" in the health and social context? VO2: There is a relationship between social and health situation of people living in the Czech excluded locality "Stalingrad"? In the research part of the work is characterized by the research group, which consisted of two informants from socially excluded locality "Stalingrad" and three neighbors who live near that site. For data acquisition, qualitative and strategy to be exact, narrative interviews. Before beginning the interview informants were familiar to the interview and its course, and were satisfied that the talks are completely anonymous and will be used only for the purposes of this thesis. It was determined topic of conversation for people living in excluded locality "Stalingrad" I set the question "Tell me about your life in "Stalingrad" from the time you've moved up until now.". For people living close to the site was established topic question "Tell me about your relationship with the neighbors of "Stalingrad". Interviews were transcribed verbatim and then analyzed using open coding and axial coding. In the discussion of the information obtained is compared with the available literature and research. The results are that the health situation of these people of "Stalingrad" is hampered mainly because of the physically demanding work (work in the forest, in a construction company, car service). Health situation of the signed occupational injuries suffered by the informant and his friend. These injuries are undoubtedly permanently signed on the quality of life of these people. A potential threat to the health status of the moisture that gets into the homes destroyed because of the structure of the garage. The social situation is such that informant have due to high spending three jobs that have yet demanding working hours. Social situation affects the fact that residents of "Stalingrad" must commute to work, and that it must invest a larger sum of money to refurbishment of dwellings. In the past, there were some conflicts and problems with the adoption of the residents of "Stalingrad" in the village community. In the conclusion of thesis is mentioned possible use of this work. The work may be assisted by social workers or Roma coordinators in solving health and social situation of people living in the surveyed area.