Magister Economicae - MEcon / The objective of this study is to empirically examine the export-led growth hypothesis in Mozambique using quarterly time series data over the period of 1987-2004, applying a co-integration analysis, Engle and Granger(1987) Error Correction Model (ECM) and the Granger causality test. The paper explores the causal relationship between economic growth and othe explanatory variables, such as real exports, imports, labour force, gross capital formation, terms of trade, civil war and natural disasters (the last two as dummy variables). / South Africa

The target of this thesis is analysis of the economic diplomacy system used in the Czech Republic. First theoretic part focus on the term economic diplomacy in general, its definition, main participants, and different ways to organize it. In the second part the system used in the Czech Republic is analyzed, including the legislative frame, organizational structure and various institutions involved in control and support of economic diplomacy in Czech Republic. The goal of the third part is to review this system, point out the main problems and evaluate corrective measures taken.

The aim of this thesis is to examine and evaluate the approaches of China and India towards their commercial diplomacy. The performance of these countries is compared in 4 broad areas: their involvement in the World Trade Organization, their approach towards regional and bilateral trade agreements and the architecture of their export and investment promotion systems. The comparison takes into account also the institutional set up of their commercial diplomacy at the government level. In the concluding section, we determine, which system is more efficient and we try to provide explanation for the same.

El cacao peruano se ha convertido en uno de los productos nacionales más importantes del país, ya que gracias a su alta producción y a sus atributos ha logrado posicionarse como el tercer mayor productor de la región y octavo a nivel mundial. Por ello, el Estado peruano ha buscado promover su consumo e internacionalización mediante diversas acciones como el Programa “Ruta Exportadora”, el cual cuenta con una línea especializada de cacao. Ante esto, la presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal determinar si la participación en el Programa Ruta Exportadora está asociada con el desempeño exportador de las empresas PYMES del sector cacao de las Regiones San Martín y Junín entre el periodo de 2016-2019, considerando como dimensiones el (i) Compromiso Exportador, (ii) Conocimiento Exportador, (iii) Asistencia Financiera y (iv) Redes Internacionales basado en investigaciones predecederas. Para ello, se aplicó una investigación mixta con diseño transversal correlacional. Para la información cualitativa se entrevistaron a 8 expertos de PROMPERÚ y consultores externos, analizados mediante el programa Atlas Ti. Asimismo, para la fase cuantitativa se diseñó una encuesta cerrada a escala de Likert, obteniendo 14 respuestas de representantes de PYMES cacaoteras participantes del programa y analizados a través del software SPSS. Con relación a los resultados, mediante el análisis de Rho Spearman, se obtuvo que el Programa “Ruta Exportadora” está relacionado con el desempeño exportador de las empresas PYMES del sector cacao de las Regiones San Martín y Junín entre el periodo de 2016-2019. Además, se pudo determinar que las dimensiones de (ii) conocimiento exportador y (iv) redes internacionales están relacionadas con el desempeño exportador; mientras que (i) el compromiso exportador y (iii) asistencia financiera no se encuentran asociadas. / Peruvian cocoa has become one of the most important national products in the country, as thanks to its high production and attributes it´s highly demanded internationally, managing to position as the third largest producer in the region and eighth worldwide. For this reason, the Peruvian State has been establishing various actions to promote its consumption and commercialization, such as the "Export Route" Program, which has a specialized cocoa line. Given this, the present research work aims to determine if the “Export Route” Program is associated on the export performance of SMEs companies in the cocoa sector of the San Martín and Junín Regions between the period 2016-2019, considering as dimensions of the program the Export Commitment, Export of Knowledge, Financial Assistance and International Networks. For this, a mixed investigation was applied, with a correlational cross-sectional design. For the qualitative information, 8 experts from PROMPERU and external consultants were interviewed, analyzed through the Atlas Ti program. Also, for the quantitative phase, a closed Likert scale survey was designed, obtaining 14 responses from representatives of cocoa SMEs participating in the program and analyzed through the SPSS software. Regarding the results, through the Rho Spearman analysis, it was obtained that the "Export Route" Program is related to the export performance of SMEs in the cocoa sector of the San Martin and Junín Regions between the period 2016-2019. In addition, it was found that the dimensions of (ii) export knowledge and (iv) international networks are related to export performance; while (i) the export commitment and (iii) financial assistance are not associated. / Tesis

Actualmente existen tendencias hacia el consumo de alimentos saludables, con propiedades nutricionales, orgánicas y en presentaciones deshidratadas. El Perú se ubica dentro de los países que producen este tipo de alimentos, debido a su biodiversidad y a la promoción de la marca Perú, la cual logró crear la marca sectorial Superfoods. Dentro de estos superalimentos, se encuentra el Aguaymanto Deshidratado, el cual cuenta con mayor producción en la región Huánuco. Ante ello, se evidencia las oportunidades de potenciar esta oferta exportable. Es por ello, que el Gobierno crea el programa Sierra y Selva Exportadora, el cual busca impulsar la actividad económica en zonas rurales, disminuyendo la pobreza y logrando el acceso a los productores a mercados competitivos y sostenibles. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la relación del programa y el desempeño exportador de los productores asociados de Aguaymanto Orgánico Deshidratado de la región Huánuco, considerando las Líneas de Apoyo Informativo, Operativo y en Desarrollo Económico que brinda SSE. El enfoque utilizado para la investigación es cualitativo, realizando 20 entrevistas a productores y expertos del sector. Con relación a los resultados, se comprobó una relación parcialmente positiva entre el programa y el desempeño exportador de los productores asociados entre los años 2016-2020. En adición a ello, se determinó la relación de las subcategorías i) Resultados Económicos, ii) Estrategias de Exportación iii) Resultados Genéricos con el desempeño exportador. / Nowadays there are trends towards the consumption of healthy foods, with nutritional properties, organic and in dehydrated presentations. Peru is located within the countries that produce this type of food, due to its biodiversity and the promotion of the Peru brand, which managed to create the Superfoods sector brand. Within these superfoods, is the Dehydrated Aguaymanto, which has the highest production in the Huánuco region. Given this, the opportunities to enhance this exportable supply are evident. For this reason, the Government created the Sierra y Selva Exportadora program, which seeks to boost economic activity in rural areas, reducing poverty and giving producers access to competitive and sustainable markets. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the program and the export performance of associated producers of Organic Dehydrated Aguaymanto in the Huánuco region, considering the Informative, Operational and Economic Development Support Lines provided by the SSE. The approach used for the research is qualitative, conducting 20 interviews with producers and experts in the sector. Regarding the results, a partially positive relationship was found between the program and the export performance of the associated producers between the years 2016-2020. In addition to this, the relationship of the subcategories i) Economic Results, ii) Export Strategies iii) Generic Results with export performance was determined. / Tesis

This study uses annual data for the period 1975-2014 for South Africa and Botswana, and 1979-2013 for Lesotho to examine empirically the impact of trade openness on economic growth in these three South African Customs Union (SACU) countries. The motivation for this study is that SACU countries are governed by the common agreement for the union that oversees the movement of goods that enter the SACU area. However, although these countries are in a com-mon union, they have quite different levels of development. Based on the country’s level of development, Lesotho is a lower middle-income and least developed country, whereas Botswana and South Africa are upper middle-income economies. Thus, these disparities in the levels of economic development of SACU countries i are expected to have different implications in relation to the extent to which trade openness affects economic growth. It is within this background that the current study seeks to examine what impact trade openness has on economic growth in each of the three selected countries. To check the robustness of the empirical results, this study uses four equations based on four different indicators of trade openness to examine the linkage between trade openness and economic growth. While Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 3 employ trade-based indicators of openness, Equation 4 uses a modified version of the UNCTAD (2012a) trade openness index that incorporates differences in country size and geography. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and error-correction modelling, the study found that the impact of trade openness on economic growth varies across the three SACU countries. Based on the results for the first three equations, the study found that trade openness has a positive impact on economic growth in South Africa and Botswana, whereas it has no significant impact on economic growth in Lesotho. Based on Equation 4 results, the study found that after taking the differences in country size and geography into account, trade openness has a positive impact on economic growth in Botswana, but an insignificant impact in South Africa and Lesotho. For South Africa and Botswana, the main recommendation from this study is that policy makers should pursue policies that promote total trade to increase economic growth in both the short and the long run. For Lesotho, the study recommends, among other things, the adoption of policies aimed at enhancing human capital and infrastructural development as well as the broadening of exports, so as to enable the economy to grow to a threshold level necessary for the realisation of significant gains from trade. / Economics / Ph. D. (Economics)

The paper is dedicated to study and analysis of the Turkish government export promotion programs, developed in the late 80s early 90s. of the 20thcentury and their impact on foreign trade and foreign economic activities of the Turkish small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as on the development of trade and economic relations with Russia. The author reveals the key features of the formation of export promotion programs, identifies long-term strategic goals, directions, options and limitations of current programs directed to support the Turkish private sector. / Работа посвящена изучению и анализу правительственных программ стимулирования экспорта, разработанных в конце 80х начале 90х гг. ХХ века и их влияния на внешнеторговую и внешнеэкономическую деятельность турецкого малого и среднего предпринимательства, а также на развитие торговых и экономических отношений с Россией. Автор раскрывает ключевые особенности формирования программ поддержки экспорта, выявляет долгосрочные стратегические цели, направления, альтернативы и ограничения современных турецких программ поддержки частного сектора.

The main objective was to investigate the possibility of export promotion for Czech companies, namely Kovohutě Příbram nástupnická, a. s., Products Division. To evaluate the use of the possibilities of export promotion from the perspective of the selected company and propose measures to improve the opportunities.As a secondary objective was determined using the potential to promote exports in selected sectors and appreciation of the use of export promotion. The final output of this work was a recommendation for the company in promoting exports. Because the company does not have a good opinion on a range of support services exports, this recommendation has been prepared only for those services with which the company has a positive experience.