Thesis--New York University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-62).

Thesis (M.A.)--Ball State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 12, 2010). Research paper (M.A.), 3 hrs. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-57).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisor: Arthur B. Markman. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-164).

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-67) Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-67). Also available via the World Wide Web.

The present investigation sough to explore the psychological responses of rape victims. A review of pertinent literature suggested a primary reaction of women to rape was fear, but the absence of controlled research and standardized observations limited the generalizability of these findings. A triparate interpretation of fear -- with autonomic, self-report, and avoidance behavior components -- was proposed. In addition, the research attempted to document negative changes in self-concept and feelings of powerlessness resultant from the rape experience.

Thesis advisor: Michael McDannald / Uncertainty is a pervasive facet of life, and responding appropriately and proportionally to uncertain threats is critical for adaptive behavior. Aversive prediction errors are signals that allow for appropriate fear responses, especially in the face of uncertainty, and provide a critical updating mechanism to adapt to change. Positive prediction errors (+PE) are generated when an actual outcome of an event is worse than the predicted outcome and increase fear upon future encounters with the related predictive cue. Negative prediction errors (-PE) are generated when the predicted outcome is worse than the actual outcome and decrease fear upon future encounters with the related predictive cue. While some regions have been offered as the neural source of positive and negative prediction errors, no causal evidence has been able to identify their sources of generation. The objective of this dissertation was to causally identify the neural basis of aversive prediction error signaling. Using precise neural manipulations paired with a robust behavioral fear discrimination task, I present causal evidence for vlPAG generation of +PEs and for a ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) to medial central amygdala (CeM) pathway to carry out +PE fear updating. Further, I demonstrate that while dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons are not the source of -PE generation, they appear to receive and utilize this signal. Understanding the neural network responsible for aversive prediction error signaling will not only inform understanding of the neurological basis of fear but also may provide insights into disorders, such as PTSD and anxiety disorders, that are characterized by excessive/inappropriate fear responses. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Psychology.

Of the approximately 3.9 million dogs that enter US animal shelters each year, many exhibit behaviors related to fear, which can affect their likelihood of adoption. Current dog training procedures to treat fear include counterconditioning and desensitization, which can often take months or years to show any behavior change and do not teach specific behaviors aimed to increase the dog's chance of being adopted. The current study used a negative reinforcement shaping procedure to teach fearful dogs to approach and and interact with people. The results showed that constructional fear treatment increased the amount of time the dog spent at the front of the kennel, and increased sniffing, tail wagging, and accepting petting for all 3 participants.