O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de polimorfismos e de possíveis associações com características relacionadas com a resistência às parasitoses gastrintestinais e a prolificidade em ovinos da raça Santa Inês. Para avaliação da resistência às parasitoses gastrintestinais, amostras de fezes e de sangue de aproximadamente 700 animais, infectados naturalmente e oriundos de quatro propriedades diferentes, foram coletadas entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2011, para avaliação das características condição corporal, grau de anemia avaliado pelo cartão FAMACHA, as características dos pelos dos animais, consistência das fezes, contagem de ovos por grama de fezes, hematócrito, contagem de células brancas, contagem de células vermelhas, hemoglobina e plaquetas. Para a avaliação da prolificidade, 340 ovelhas foram avaliadas quanto ao número total de cordeiros nascidos, divididos pelo número de partos de cada ovelha, assim como a correlação dessa característica com o peso médio ao nascimento de seus cordeiros e a eficiência produtiva da mãe ao parto. Foram selecionados 28 polimorfismos de base única (SNP) para o desenvolvimento deste estudo os quais foram genotipados por meio da plataforma Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX. Foram analisadas as freqüências alélicas e genotípicas, o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, os efeitos de substituição alélica, de aditividade e de desvio de dominância. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram variabilidade considerável das características avaliadas na população e da maioria dos polimorfismos estudados. Foi verificado também efeito significativo (p≤0,05) ou sugestivo (0,05>p≤0,10) de substituição alélica de pelo menos um SNP para cada uma das características avaliadas, indicando que esses polimorfismos podem auxiliar nos processos de seleção das características relacionadas com a resistência às parasitoses gastrintestinais e com a prolificidade. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of polymorphisms and possible associations with characteristics associated with resistance to gastrointestinal parasites and prolificacy in Santa Ines sheep. To evaluate the resistance to gastrointestinal parasites, feces and blood samples of approximately 700 animals infected naturally and from four different properties, were collected between the months of October and November, 2011 to assess characteristics body condition, degree of anemia measured by FAMACHA card, the characteristics of the hair of sheep, feces consistency, egg counts per gram of feces, hematocrit, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and platelets count. For the evaluation of prolificacy, 340 sheep were evaluated for the total number of lambs born, divided by the number of births from each dam, as well as the correlation of this feature with the average birth weight of their lambs and productive efficiency of dam. 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for the development of this study and were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Allele and genotype frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the effects of allelic substitution, additivity and dominance deviation were analyzed. The results showed considerable variability of the characteristics evaluated in the population in study and in most of the polymorphisms. Significant effect was observed (p ≤ 0.05) or suggestive (0.05> p ≤ 0.10) for allelic substitution of at least one SNP for each of the evaluated traits, indicating that these polymorphisms may help in the selection processes of characteristics related to resistance to gastrointestinal parasites and prolificacy.

Le travail effectué aborde la problématique des services de communication multipoints fiables à grande échelle. Dans ce contexte, la possibilité de déployer un tel service au moyen d'un satellite géostationnaire émettant en bande Ka est étudiée. L'emploi de la bande $Ka$ introduit cependant une grande variabilité de la qualité de réception au niveau des utilisateurs finals, rendant nécessaire l'utilisation d'un protocole de transport mettant en oeuvre des mécanismes spécifiques. Selon une fonction de coût définie, la comparaison des solutions basées sur IP Multicast classiquement utilisées montre que l'utilisation d'une approche hybride couplant l'utilisation des réseaux satellites et terrestres est avantageuse. Le principe de la proposition, nommée Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Reliable Multicast, consiste ainsi à choisir, en fonction de la taille du groupe, le moyen de diffusion le plus rentable --- au vu d'une fonction de coût définie. Une description détaillée de la position inclut le comportement de la source et des récepteurs, et le format des messages échangés. Bien que le principe de cette approche soit simple, plusieurs points durs sont liés à la conception des mécanismes adéquats. Ces problèmes concernent notamment la gestion de la fiabilité (utilisation de code correcteur d'erreur ou FEC), l'estimation de taille de très grands groupes, et la reprise des erreurs par voie terrestre (utilisation de réseaux de pair-à-pairs). Ces mécanismes sont étudiés de manière unitaire afin de déterminer des configurations satisfaisantes, et pour détecter des problèmes de performances. Ces mécanismes étant définis, la proposition de transport a été globalement modélisée, de manière à obtenir une vérification fonctionnelle du service proposé. Le protocole a été décrit au moyen du profil UML temps réel TURTLE. Les résultats de validation ont été obtenus grâce à la chaîne d'outils TTool-RTL, et à CADP.

Factum Electronics AB develops and manufactures equipment for Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). The increasing availability of IP networks has made the possibility to distribute the DAB signal, which is traditionally distributed over dedicated telecom links, over an IP backbone an interesting issue. This thesis investigates the possibilities to do this. Since distribution over IP is an unreliable service, it discusses techniques that can be used to eliminate the lack of reliability in IP. It also examines the advantages and drawbacks of using IP multicast, which would make it possible for many receivers to take part of the same signal. During the work behind this thesis, a protocol was developed including features to make the distribution more reliable. A prototype application including a client and a server was constructed to test and evaluate the protocol. Implementation issues of the protocol and test results drawn from the application are described in this thesis.

With the approach of the era of digital TV system around the world, how to grasp the design techniques of the receiver of the DVB-T has become a very important topic. The goal of this thesis is to pursue a highly optimized VLSI architecture compatible to the channel decoding standard of the DVB-T protocol. The channel decoding scheme adopted in DVB-T is based on the concatenated code; which is comprised of an inner Viterbi decoder, outer Reed-Solomon decoder and inner and outer de-interleaver modules. These modules all require a significant amount of data storage space, therefore the main feature of the proposed channel decoder architectures is to realize the data storage based on RAM instead of registers. This approach can lead to the reduction of silicon area and the dynamic power dissipation compared with the shift register based architecture. In order to achieve this, in the design of Viterbi module, the popular register-exchange and trace-back techniques used for the detection of the survivor path has been combined for the survivor memory management unit. As for the design of Reed-Solomon decoder, it is designed based on the modified inverse-free Berlekamp-Massey algorithm. A novel finite field constant multiplier architecture has been proposed which can reduce the required gate count of the multipliers by 20%. For outer convolutional deinterleaver, a specific address generator has been designed such that the data deinterleaver path can be merged and implemented as two memory blocks. For inner symbol deinterleaver, a lookahead technique has been applied to the design of address generator and deinterleaver memory has been reduced by a half compared with those in the literature. These four modules have been verified and integrated as robust channel decoder silicon IP. The related models used for IP integration and verification have also been provided. The prototyping on the FPGA has been tested to satisfy the requirement of the spec.

<p>Factum Electronics AB develops and manufactures equipment for Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). The increasing availability of IP networks has made the possibility to distribute the DAB signal, which is traditionally distributed over dedicated telecom links, over an IP backbone an interesting issue. This thesis investigates the possibilities to do this. Since distribution over IP is an unreliable service, it discusses techniques that can be used to eliminate the lack of reliability in IP. It also examines the advantages and drawbacks of using IP multicast, which would make it possible for many receivers to take part of the same signal. </p><p>During the work behind this thesis, a protocol was developed including features to make the distribution more reliable. A prototype application including a client and a server was constructed to test and evaluate the protocol. Implementation issues of the protocol and test results drawn from the application are described in this thesis.</p>

Canada participated in the Far Eastern Advisory Commission, later the Far Eastern Commission, overseeing the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952. In the face of resistance from the United States government generally, and from General MacArthur specifically, Canada and the Far Eastern Commission achieved little success in moderating United States policy. Because Canada’s position was always influenced by its concern for future multilateral bodies and its overwhelming need to maintain good relations with the United States, it displayed little independence on the Far Eastern Commission.

Canada participated in the Far Eastern Advisory Commission, later the Far Eastern Commission, overseeing the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952. In the face of resistance from the United States government generally, and from General MacArthur specifically, Canada and the Far Eastern Commission achieved little success in moderating United States policy. Because Canada’s position was always influenced by its concern for future multilateral bodies and its overwhelming need to maintain good relations with the United States, it displayed little independence on the Far Eastern Commission.

One of the most important emerging aspects of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is the Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) aiming to deliver multimedia contents to mobile users more efficiently in point-to-multipoint way. 3GPP also recommends an Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) scheme, especially for MBMS, in order to provide reliable transmission over mobile networks. Due to many emerging FEC schemes, the existing 3GPP standardized systematic fountain Raptor code FEC scheme is considered to be outdated. One of the newly emerged codes, namely RaptorQ, has enhanced an AL-FEC scheme by providing higher protection against packet loss and superior flexibility to meet the growing demand in mobile multicast services. In this work, we provide an extensive device based performance evaluation of RaptorQ FEC codes, specified as RFC 6330 in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and notice that the performance always outperforms that of the existing Raptor (RFC 5053) codes in terms of decoding speed, latency and memory. We also include the device based performance comparison of RaptorQ FEC codes in a comparison with other FEC schemes like Supercharged codes and Reed Solomon + Low Density Parity Check codes (RS+ LDPC). Finally, we conduct simulation carried out in the mobile devices for several network parameters like latency, decoding speed and memory in combination with FEC encoding and decoding parameters and investigate that RaptorQ is the best code that suits multicast services. / +46723185198, +4917626686238,+4915166808450

In the wireless sensor network, the WLAN interference, multi-path fading andattenuation are the main reason for packets’ corruption. Forward errorcorrection is one of the methods for error mitigation. Many coding methods aredesigned to improve the reliability of wireless channel. However, none of thesecoding methods could handle the burst errors that widely exist in wirelesschannel and are mainly responsible for packet corruption. Interleaving isintroduced to robust these coding methods and make those corrupted packetsavailable to be corrected by spreading the burst errors. The Reed-Solomon(15,7) block code is used as the forwarding error correction in theseexperiments. In this paper, seven different symbol interleaving will be firstlysimulated in the Matlab platform under four different channels to evaluate theirpacket error rate performances. Then, two of the seven interleaving with betterperformance and the simplest interleaving algorithm, general block interleavingwill be implemented in the TinyOS platform, and they will be compared witheach other from packet error rate, interleaving time and memory consumptionaspects. Experiments show that, for theoretical channel, interleaving plays animportant role to enhance the capability to correct the corrupted packets exceptfor Rayleigh channel, in which the impact of interleaving is generally slight.Meanwhile for the channel under IEEE 802.11b/g interference, interleavingenhance more than 10% PER in the receiver. However for MFA channel, theenhancement is slight, only 1.85%. Convolutional interleaving has the best PERperformance in AWGN channel and the channel with deterministic SER, whilematrix interleaving has the lowest PER in WLAN affected channel. In thelatency and memory consumption aspect, For the same packet length, generalblock interleaving has the shortest interleaving time while matrix interleavinghas the longest. In the same interleaving algorithm, the execution time becomeslonger with growth of packet size. Within the same interleaving method, thelonger the packet size is, the more memory that would be consumed. Under thesame interleaving length, general block interleaving consumes least memoryand convolutional interleaving has the largest memory consumption.

Este trabajo de tesis presenta los servicios de descarga de contenido en modo push como un mecanismo eficiente para el envío de contenido de televisión pre-producido sobre redes de difusión. Hoy en día, los operadores de red dedican una cantidad considerable de recursos de red a la entrega en vivo de contenido televisivo, tanto sobre redes de difusión como sobre conexiones unidireccionales. Esta oferta de servicios responde únicamente a requisitos comerciales: disponer de los contenidos televisivos en cualquier momento y lugar. Sin embargo, desde un punto de vista estrictamente académico, el envío en vivo es únicamente un requerimiento para el contenido en vivo, no para contenidos que ya han sido producidos con anterioridad a su emisión. Más aún, la difusión es solo eficiente cuando el contenido es suficientemente popular. Los servicios bajo estudio en esta tesis utilizan capacidad residual en redes de difusión para enviar contenido pre-producido para que se almacene en los equipos de usuario. La propuesta se justifica únicamente por su eficiencia. Por un lado, genera valor de recursos de red que no se aprovecharían de otra manera. Por otro lado, realiza la entrega de contenidos pre-producidos y populares de la manera más eficiente: sobre servicios de descarga de contenidos en difusión. Los resultados incluyen modelos para la popularidad y la duración de contenidos, valiosos para cualquier trabajo de investigación basados en la entrega de contenidos televisivos. Además, la tesis evalúa la capacidad residual disponible en redes de difusión, por medio de estudios empíricos. Después, estos resultados son utilizados en simulaciones que evalúan las prestaciones de los servicios propuestos en escenarios diferentes y para aplicaciones diferentes. La evaluación demuestra que este tipo de servicios son un recurso muy útil para la entrega de contenido televisivo. / This thesis dissertation presents background push Content Download Services as an efficient mechanism to deliver pre-produced television content through existing broadcast networks. Nowadays, network operators dedicate a considerable amount of network resources to live streaming live, through both broadcast and unicast connections. This service offering responds solely to commercial requirements: Content must be available anytime and anywhere. However, from a strictly academic point of view, live streaming is only a requirement for live content and not for pre-produced content. Moreover, broadcasting is only efficient when the content is sufficiently popular. The services under study in this thesis use residual capacity in broadcast networks to push popular, pre-produced content to storage capacity in customer premises equipment. The proposal responds only to efficiency requirements. On one hand, it creates value from network resources otherwise unused. On the other hand, it delivers popular pre-produced content in the most efficient way: through broadcast download services. The results include models for the popularity and the duration of television content, valuable for any research work dealing with file-based delivery of television content. Later, the thesis evaluates the residual capacity available in broadcast networks through empirical studies. These results are used in simulations to evaluate the performance of background push content download services in different scenarios and for different applications. The evaluation proves that this kind of services can become a great asset for the delivery of television content / Fraile Gil, F. (2013). Evaluation of unidirectional background push content download services for the delivery of television programs [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31656 / TESIS